3. • Hallucinogens are drugs that induce unusual experiences, a different type of
consciousness, that may seem like:
* Dreams
* Trance
* Meditation
* Insanity.
• Stimulants (caffeine & amphetamines) and opioids (painkillers) are
different, resulting in a more active similar mind.
• Hallucinogens are sometimes called psychedelics.
HALLUCINOGENS CAUSE ALTERED
CONSCIOUSNESS
4. • May cause changes in:
* Consciousness,
* Perception,
* Thought,
* Emotion.
• Come from fungi, plants & animals (Colorado River
Toad).
HALLUCINOGENS: EFFECTS &
SOURCES
5. • L. E. Hollister's criteria for hallucinogens:
* Cause changes in thought, perception,
and mood
* Little intellectual or memory
impairment
* No stupor, narcosis, or excessive
stimulation
* Minimal autonomic nervous system
side effects
* No addictive cravings.
HOLLISTER’S CRITERIA
6. • Long history of use, lots of research on in
1900’s
• Religious ceremonies – successful
Native American Indians
Other groups
• Medicinal – not so successful
Depression
PTSD
OCD
Alcoholism
Drug addiction
Cluster headaches
• Recreational/Spiritual - 1960’s Movement
HISTORY OF USE
8. Greek derivation:
ψυχή (psychê) mind, soul + δηλος (dêlos) manifest, reveal
Reveals a hidden part of the mind or soul.
Perception-altering effects.
Examples:
Lysergic Acid (LSD) – from ergot fungus grown on petri plate
(originally on rye grain, morning glory seeds)
Psilocybin – from mushrooms
Mescaline – from some cacti (ex: peyote), small amounts in some
beans
PSYCHEDELICS
9. Pain relief, amnesia, catalepsy (no response to external stimuli).
Derealization (perception that outside world is a dream) &/or
Depersonalization (similar to out-of-body experience).
Examples:
Ketamine – immoblizer, used in animal research with
anesthetics & analgesics, aka “date rape drug”
Phencyclidine (PCP) – synthesized for use as anesthetic, now
used recreationally, aka “angel dust” “KJ” “illy” or “wet”
Dextramethorphan (DXM) – cough suppressant found in
Robitussin, Mucinex DM, Theraflu
Nitrous oxide (NO) – used at dentist as
analgesic/anesthetic, aka “laughing gas”
DISSOCIATIVES
11. Sounds interesting, but:
“Not all drugs produce the same effect and
even the same drug can produce different
effects in the same individual on different
occasions.”
So, you can’t necessary predict the outcome
of taking a hallucinogen.
Because they are illegal, quality and strength
varies a lot.
In some cases, have long-term irreversible
effects/brain damage.
UNPREDICTABLE EFFECTS
12. Illegal in US, Canada, The Netherlands (and other western
countries) overall.
Hallucinogenic mushrooms legal in The Netherlands until
2007.
Permitted for use in religious ceremonies for Native
American Indians.
Some ongoing research & attempts to legalize use.
Socially frowned upon.
Current Status
13. What about civil liberties/freedom of thought?
What about new “no supersize soft drinks” in New York
City?
Was alcohol prohibition successful?
Is pot prohibition successful?
Should hallucinogens be legalized in order to
decriminalize, regulate quality & generate tax income?
QUESTIONS
14. Hallucinogens: References
Glennon RA. Classical drugs: an introductory overview. In Lin GC and Glennon RA (eds). Halllucinogens: an
update. National Institute on Drug Abuse: Rockville, MD, 1994.
http://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/hallucinogens
http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/drugshallucinogens
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/293752-overview
http://hallucinogens.com/what-are-hallucinogens/
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/hallucinogenic_drug.aspx
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/educators/curricula-and-lesson-plans/mind-over-matter/hallucinogens
http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/hallucinogens-dissociative-drugs
ADD OTHER SOURCES & PICTURES & Cartoons.
Make handout of presentation and generate crossword puzzle using online tool. I can print handouts for
you.
