Review paper on the applications and challenges of gold nanoparticles in medicine and dentistry. Gold nanoparticles is a game-changer in delivering patient care. Its versatility can be put to use in diagnosis, imaging and treatment of various conditions. It relatively recent innovation although gold is a metal that has had a lot of meaning in human civilisation.With a lot of potential left unexplored one has to what and watch the miracles this breakthrough has in store for medical science.

1. MATHEW THOMAS MALIAEL
DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF
DENTAL SCIENCES , BANGALORE

2. NANOPARTICLE
• According to International Union Pure and Applied Chemistry,a particle of any shape
with dimensions in the 10^-7 m to 10^-9 m range is termed as a nanoparticle.
• Nanometer-sized particles have optical, magnetic, chemical and structural properties
that set them apart from bulk solids, with potential applications in medicine.

3. TYPES OF NANOPARTICLES
• Carbon nanotubes
• Carbon nanowires
• Iron oxide shells
• Gold nanoparticles
• Silver nanoparticles
• Cadmium selenide quantum dots

4. Does all Gold
Glitter?

5. GOLD(AU)
• Gold (Latin -aureum) is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense,
soft, malleable ,ductile and an inert metal.

6. GOLD NANOPARTICLES
(AUNP)
• Gold nanoparticles is also
called colloidal gold.
• Nano-sized gold colloids can
appear blue or red in color.

7. HISTORY OF GOLD
NANOPARTICLES
• In 1857, Faraday first synthesised colloidal gold by reducing gold chloride using
phosporous.
• During the 20th century , techniques like transmission electron microscopy and
atomic force microscopy enabled the direct imaging of nanoparticles.

8. SYNTHESIS OF GOLD
NANOPARTICLES

9. FORMS OF GOLD
NANOPARTICLES

10. WHY GOLD NANOPARTICLES???
Bio-inert
Readily
dispersed
Readily
functionalised
High X-Ray
attenuation
Readily
synthesised

11. APPLICATIONS
• Targeted delivery of drugs and other biomolecules.
• Detection of biomarkers of various diseases and conditions

12. APPLICATIONS
GOLD
NANOPARTICLES
NANO
ONCOLOGY
NANO
IMMUNOLOGY
NANO
CARDIOLOGY
NANO
IMAGING
THERAPUETIC
S
NANO
NEUROLOGY

13. NANO ONCOLOGY
• Contrast media in optoacoustic imaging of
cancer.
• Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic
agents.
• Photo-thermal therapy of tumours.
• Identification of biomarkers.
• Radio-sensitizers

14. NANO NEUROLOGY
Spivak et al. The EPMA Journal 2013, 4:18

15. NANO CARDIOLOGY
• Targeted delivery of cardio-protective drugs.
• Activate metabolic processes to reduce BP , thereby improves blood circulation.
• Potentially intervene in lipo-protein matrix in atherosclerosis.
• Identification of biomarkers.
Spivak et al. The EPMA Journal 2013, 4:18

16. NANO IMMUNOLOGY
• Applications include rapid tests such as lateral flow, vertical flow, western blots and
dot-blot assays.
• Gold nanoparticles are effective vaccine adjuvants and enhance the immune response
via different cytokine pathways depending on their sizes and shapes.
Demenev V.A., Shchinova M.A., Ivanov L.I., Vorob’eva R.N., Zdanovskaya N.I., Nebaykina N.V..Vopr. Virusol. 1996;41:107–110.

17. THERAPUETICS
 In 1997, the successful application of colloidal gold in a patient with rheumatoid
arthritis was first reported
 In 2008, a vast array of data on the ten-year-long clinical trials of the preparation
Aurasol ® for administration upon severe forms of rheumatoid arthritis was
published.
Abraham G.E.. Orig. Intern. 2008;15:132–158

18. NANO IMAGING
• Gold induces a strong X-ray attenuation, hence they are used as optical imaging probes.
• Various types of targeted nano-probes have been developed for optical and MRI molecular
imaging.
• More recently, hybrid nanoparticles such as anti-biofouling polymer-coated gold
nanoparticles ,gadolinium coated gold nanoparticles. polymer-coated Bi2S3
nanoparticles have been developed as vascular CT contrast agents.
Rabin O, Perez JM, Grimm J, Wojtkiewicz G, Weissleder R. An X-ray computed tomography imaging agent based on long-circulating bismuth sulphide nanoparticles. Nature
Materials. 2006;5:118–122.
Lamerichs R. MRI-based molecular imaging using nano-particles. Cellular Oncology. 2008;30:100–10

19. ADVANTAGES
Gold nanoparticle
is simple for
diagnosis.
Less invasive
Provides
increased contrast
for diagnosis

20. DISADVANTAGES
Relatively weak
optical signal
Long term
cytotoxicity
Efficiency

21. Factors affecting
pharmacological properties
need to be clarified
Long term cytotoxicity effects
must be studied
Eliminate the inflammatory and
immune response triggered by
some polymer coatings
Economics
Challenges

22. CONCLUSION
• Nanotechnology can play an intimate role in individualized medicine with potential
enhancements increasing the affinity of the nanoparticle for cancerous cells and
amplifying the uptake of diagnostic and therapeutic moieties into diseased cells
with greater efficiency.

23. “ Gold nanoparticles may provide a new
light into the applications spanning right
from gene-regulation to diagnostic imaging
as a promising novel agent!!!!......”

24. REFERENCES
• Huang XH, El-Sayed IH, Qian W, El-Sayed MA. Cancer cell imaging and photo
thermal therapy in the near-infrared region by using gold Nano rods. Journal of the
American Chemical Society. 2006;128:2115–2120.
• Alric C, et al. Gadolinium chelate coated gold nanoparticles as contrast agents for
both X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of the
American Chemical Society. 2008;130:5908–5915.
• Agarwal A, et al. Targeted gold nanorod contrast agent for prostate cancer
detection by photoacoustic imaging. Journal of Applied Physics. 2007;102.
• 0. Jiang W., Kim B.Y.S., Rutka J.T., Chan W.C.W. // Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008. V. 3. P.
145–150.
• Kennedy L.C., Bickford L.R., Lewinski N.A., Coughlin A.J., Hu Y., Day E.S., West J.L.,
Drezek R.A.. Small. 2011;7:169–183.

25. Thank
You!!!