BFA PPT Pictures of different wounds

1. ST JOHN’S AMBULANCE BRIGADE
PUBLIC SERVICE DEPT.
FIRST-AID LESSON
WOUNDS & BLEEDING
1. Incised wound (severe), Abrasion, Punctured wound
2. Lacerated wound
3. Contused wound, internal bleeding
4. Gunshot wound
5. Impalement
6. Amputation
7. Crush injuries
8. Abdominal wound
9. Chest wounds

2. OBJECTIVES
To distinguish between the different
types of bleeding
To be able to control bleeding
To minimize shock and infection

3. THE FOLLOWING PICTURES
SHOWN MAY BE VERY
DISTURBING AND GORY!
YOU MAY COVER YOUR EYES
IF YOU DO NOT WANT TO
LOOK.
DISCLAIMER!

4. TYPES OF WOUND
Incised wound

5. Lacerated wound
TYPES OF WOUND

6. TYPES OF WOUND
Abrasion

7. TYPES OF WOUND
Contused wound

8. Punctured wound
TYPES OF WOUND

9. TYPES OF WOUND
Gunshot wound

10. Impalement
TYPES OF WOUND

11. TYPES OF WOUND
Amputation

12. TYPES OF WOUND
Crush injuries

13. TYPES OF WOUND
Abdominal wound

14. TYPES OF WOUND
Chest wounds

15. Internal bleeding
TYPES OF WOUND

16. Arterial bleeding Venous bleeding Capillary bleeding
Bright red in color
(oxygenated blood)
Dark red in color
(deoxygenated blood)
Flows in spurts in time
with heartbeat
(pumped from heart to
other parts of body; higher
pressure )
Blood gushes out profusely
(lower pressure in veins; blood
flow is more smooth)
Blood oozes out at site
of wound
(lowest pressure in
capillaries)
Severed main artery
(e.g.carotid artery) may jet
blood several feet high
(pressure is highest in main
arteries)
Blood loss is usually
slight
Rapidly reduce the volume
of circulating blood
TYPES OF BLEEDING & THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

17. CAROTID ARTERY

18. GENERAL
Minor extent of bleeding (external)
Treatment (PCEDM)
1. Apply direct Pressure with a sterile dressing
2. Clean the wound by rinsing lightly under running
water,
or using an antiseptic wipe.
3. Elevate above heart level
4. Apply small adhesive, sterile Dressing
5. Seek Medical aid if bleeding does not stop, or if there is
risk of infection.

19. GENERAL
Severe extent of bleeding (external)
1. Dial for Ambulance (995).
2. Expose the wound
3. Apply direct Pressure over the wound with a sterile
dressing
4. Elevate and support the wound above heart level.
5. Lay the casualty down
Treatment (AEPELDLS)

20. Severe extent of bleeding (external
Treatment (AEPELDLS)
• 6. Apply sterile Dressing and secure it
firmly in place with a
• bandage
• 7. If bleeding seeps through, apply
another Layer of
• bandage on top
• 8. Treat for Shock.

21. Incised wound (severe), Abrasion, Punctured
wound
An open wound
Rapid, weak pulse
Swell
Pain
Signs & Symptoms

22. Incised wound (severe), Abrasion, Punctured
wound
Treatment
1. Apply direct pressure using a sterile
dressing.
2. Elevate the wound above heart level.
3. Apply a sterile dressing over the wound
and bandage firmly to secure it in place.
4. If bleeding seeps through the bandage,
apply another layer of bandage over the
previous layer.
5. Apply cold compress to the swell.
6. Check and treat for shock.

23. Moving the fractured/dislocated limbs may
aggravate the condition.
For casualties suffering from lower body
fractures/dislocations, it may not be
possible to treat for shock.
Limitations
Incised wound (severe), Abrasion, Punctured
wound

24. Incised wound (severe), Abrasion, Punctured
wound
Warning!
DO NOT bandage too tightly.
Constantly check for circulatory refill.
DO NOT remove the previous layer of bandage.
DO NOT apply cold compress for more than 10
minutes as it may result in frostbite.

25. • Large area of raw flesh
• Bleeding
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Pain
Lacerated wound
Signs & Symptoms

26. Treatment
Lacerated wound
1. Apply direct Pressure with a sterile dressing
2. Elevate above heart level
3. Apply sterile Dressing, and secure with micropore
4. If bleeding seeps through, Apply another layer of
dressing over the previous layer.
5. Check and treat for shock.

27. • may not be applicable for casualties who
are also suffering from fractures or
dislocations on the limbs
• If casualty is suffering from lower body
fractures/dislocations, it may not be
possible to treat for shock
Limitations
Lacerated wound

28. • Ensure that the sterile dressing is larger
than area of wound
• Do not remove the previous layer of
dressing
• Do not apply cold compression for more
than 10 minutes
Warning!
Lacerated wound

29. • Blue-black colouration
• Swell
Contused wound, internal bleeding
Signs & Symptoms

30. 1. Apply cold compression to the area of injury
2. If blue-black colouration persistently remains,
consult a qualified medical worker. (contusion)
3. Dial for ambulance, 995 if it is in the case of
internal bleeding.
Contused wound, internal bleeding
Treatment

31. • Do not apply for more than 10 minutes as
it may result in frostbite.
Contused wound, internal bleeding
Warning!

32. • open wounds, entry and exit, with shapes
of a bullet tip
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Swell
• Pain
Gunshot wound
Signs & Symptoms

33. 1. Douse entry and exit wounds with water
for 10 minutes.
2. Apply direct pressure using a sterile
dressing.
3. Elevate the wound above heart level.
4. Apply a sterile dressing over the wound
and bandage firmly to secure it in place.
Treatment
Gunshot wound

34. 1. If bleeding seeps through, apply another
layer of bandage over the previous layer.
2. Apply cold compress to the swell.
3. Check and treat for shock.
Gunshot wound
Treatment

35. • This may not be applicable for casualties
who are also suffering from fractures or
dislocations on the limbs
• If casualty is suffering from lower body
fractures/dislocations, it may not be
possible to treat for shock
Gunshot wound
Limitations

36. • Do not bandage too tightly such that
circulation is impeded.
• Do not remove the previous layer of
bandage
• Do not apply cold compression for more
than 10 minutes
Warning!
Gunshot wound

37. • An object embedded onto the skin of the
casualty
• Bleeding
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Swell
• Pain
Impalement
Signs & Symptoms

38. 1. Using sterile dressings, build up padding
on both sides of the object, until the
object is stabilized.
2. Secure the padding with bandages.
Impalement
Treatment

39. 1. If bleeding seeps through, apply another
layer of bandage over the previous layer.
2. Apply cold compress to reduce swelling.
3. Check and treat for shock
Impalement
Treatment

40. • If casualty is suffering from lower body
fractures/dislocations, it may not be
possible to treat for shock
Impalement
Limitations

41. Impalement
Warning!
• Do not bandage too tightly such that
circulation is impeded.
• Do not remove the previous layer of
bandage
• Do not apply cold compression for more
than 10 minutes

42. • A stud on the casualty
• Amputated body part nearby
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Pallor
Amputation
Signs & Symptoms

43. Wound:
• Apply direct pressure with a sterile
dressing.
• Elevate the wound above heart level.
• If bleeding seeps through, apply another
layer of bandage over the previous layer.
• Check and treat for shock.
Treatment
Amputation

44. Amputated part:
1. Collect the amputated part and wrap it in
gauze, after which you wrap it in a plastic bag
and place it in another plastic bag of crushed
ice.
2. Send the amputated part to the hospital
together with the casualty.
Treatment
Amputation

45. • This may not be applicable for casualties
who are also suffering from fractures or
dislocations on the limbs
• If casualty is suffering from lower body
fractures/dislocations, it may not be
possible to treat for shock
Amputation
Limitations

46. • Do not remove the previous layer of
bandage
• Make sure the plastic bag is not damp
Amputation
Warning!

47. • A fallen object crushing onto the casualty
• Pain
Crush injuries
Signs & Symptoms

48. If casualty is crushed for less than 15mins:
1. Release him/her as soon as possible.
2. Treat any possible wounds/fractures
found on the casualty.
3. Check and treat for shock.
4. Dial for ambulance 995
Crush injuries
Treatment

49. If casualty is crushed for more than 15mins:
1. do not release the casualty.
2. Instead, call for ambulance and
3. reassure casualty.
Crush injuries
Treatment

50. • An open wound
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Pallor
• Possible protruding intestine
Abdominal wounds
Signs & Symptoms

51. 1. If intestine is protruding, cover with large,
moist sterile dressing, then cover with a
plastic sheet and secure it lightly.
2. If there is no protruding intestine, check if
wound is horizontal or vertical.
Abdominal wounds
Treatment

52. For vertical wounds,
1. Do not raise legs. Instead,
2. just apply pressure at site of wound to
control bleeding.
3. Check and treat for shock.
Abdominal wounds
Treatment

53. If wound is horizontal
• keep legs propped up/raised and
• cover wound with sterile dressing.
• Check and treat for shock.
Abdominal wounds
Treatment

54. • Do not raise leg if wound is vertical.
Warning!
Abdominal wounds

55. • An open wound
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Possible foreign object still embedded at
wound
• Pallor
• Sucking wound (if lung is punctured)
• Wheezing sound (if lung is punctured)
Chest wounds
Signs & Symptoms

56. 1. Cover the wound and apply pressure
with a sterile dressing.
2. Cover with a plastic sheet and tape 3
sides of the plastic, leaving the bottom
side open (apply airtight bandage).
3. Apply a chest bandage.
4. Check and treat for shock.
Chest wounds
Treatment

57. 1. For casualties with punctured lungs, tilt
him/her to the injured side.
2. Regulate casualty’s breathing
Chest wounds
Treatment

58. ST JOHN’S AMBULANCE BRIGADE
PUBLIC SERVICE DEPT.
FIRST-AID LESSON
Any Questions?