Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a technique of basic & advanced life support for purpose of oxygenating the brain & heart until appropriate definitive medical treatment can restore normal heart & Ventilatory action. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a life saving technique used to restore life of the people.
2. Introduction
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a life saving technique used to restore life of the people. The word
“resuscitate” means “to revive”. (back to normal function)
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
4. Purpose
The main purpose of CPR is to restore cardiopulmonary functioning.
To prevent irreversible brain damage from anoxia.
INDICATIONS
The indications of CPR are as follows:-
Person whose respiration & blood circulation have suddenly & unexpectedly stopped.
Other indication includes ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia & asystole.
5. TYPES OF CPR
Basic Life Support Advance cardiovascular life support
(BLS) (ACLS)
6. PRINCIPLE OF CPR
Principle of CPR is changed from Airway, Breathing & Circulation (ABC) to CAB:
Chest Compression
Airway
Breathing
10. Assessment of client
Determine that client is unconscious (Verbal / Non verbal signs)
Shake the client & shout Presence of respiration Assess carotid pulse
Are you OK?
11. Procedure
Preparation of the patient
Remove unnecessary crowd so that procedure can be performed.
Shift the client on a hard surface or a hard board
Remove the upper clothing which covers patient’s chest rise.
Remove the pillow under the patient’s neck.
Tilt the head & neck.
12. Activate emergency medical services & call for help.
Place the client in supine position on a hard surface or a hard board.
Kneel down(if patient is at the floor)
If pulse is present & respiration is absent, then support with rescue breathing, once every 5-
6 seconds.
Avoid hyperventilation.
If client is pulseless, start decompression
13. Place the middle finger on the notch & index finger on the lower end of the notch.
Place the heel of other hand along the lower half of sternum, next to index fingers.
Remove first hand from the notch & place heel of that hand parallel over the hand on the
chest. Interlock fingers keeping them off client’s chest.
Lock elbow, maintain arms straight & shoulders directly over hands on sternum.
Compress chest atleast 5 cm (2 inches)
14. Perform 30 external cardiac compressions.
Compress chest about 100 times per minute.
Ventilate lungs with 2 ventilations ( breaths )
Reassess the victim after 5 cycles ( 30 compressions, 2 ventilations each cycle)
Compression-Ventilation Ratio is 30:2
15. IN ACLS, For artificial respiration with AMBU bag, compress the bag fully for 2 breaths.
Observe for rise & fall of chest wall with each respiration.
Suction secretions from airway.
If person has not begun moving after 5 cycles then automated external defibrillator (AED) is used.
Apply AED & follow the prompts.
Reassess for carotid pulse.
If still no pulse is there resume compressions & follow AED prompts.
16. NOTE
If you are untrained in CPR. Then
provide hands only CPR.
Switch rescuer’s position every 2
minutes so that rescuer may not
exhausted early.
If AED alert to provide Electric
current in between compression
then stop compression & clear so
that current can be delivered. Then
again compression can be
17.
18. AFTER PROCEDURE CARE-
Continuous vigilance must be ensured by a skilled person for 48-72
Monitor ECG, blood pressure and CVP.
Check the oral cavity or jaw position as his/her tongue may fail and
obstruct the airway.
Temperature is taken every hourly.
Record the procedure in nurse’s records.
20. Evaluation
In restoration of cardiopulmonary function, the signs are,
Contraction of pupils
Improved colour
Change in quality of pulse
Free movements of chest wall and no restriction of muscle over intercostal space.
Return of systemic blood pressure
Struggling movements
Respiration rhythm, rate & depth are normal.
Temperature in normal limits.
No brain damage.
21. Summary
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a technique of basic life support for
purpose of oxygenating the brain & heart until appropriate definitive
medical treatment can restore normal heart & Ventilatory action.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a life saving technique used to restore
life of the people.