Cell Division Revision Questions
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This document contains revision questions about cell division, including mitosis and cytokinesis. It begins by defining key terms like mitosis, interphase, and the phases of the cell cycle. It then provides questions to test understanding of topics like DNA supercoiling during mitosis, the stages of mitosis, and calculating mitotic indices from micrographs. Later questions address the differences between animal and plant cytokinesis and the role of cyclins in cell cycle control. It concludes by defining cancer-related topics and analyzing a graph showing the correlation between cigarette smoking and lung cancer deaths.
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Cell Division Revision Questions
- 1. Revision questions 1.6. Cell division Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:miltiadis@stepsinbiology.com; http://www.stepsinbiology.com Understandings, Applications and Skills Understandings: • Mitosis is division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei. • Chromosomes condense by supercoiling during mitosis. • Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis and is different in plant and animal cells. • Interphase is a very active phase of the cell cycle with many processes occurring in the nucleus and cytoplasm. • Cyclins are involved in the control of the cell cycle. • Mutagens, oncogenes and metastasis are involved in the development of primary and secondary tumours. Applications and skills: • Application: The correlation between smoking and incidence of cancers. • Skill: Identification of phases of mitosis in cells viewed with a microscope or in a micrograph. • Skill: Determination of a mitotic index from a micrograph.
- 2. Revision questions 1.6. Cell division Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:miltiadis@stepsinbiology.com; http://www.stepsinbiology.com 1. Define mitosis …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Outline the purpose of mitosis in eukaryotes. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Distinguish between cell division in prokaryotes and mitosis in eukaryotes. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Define: (a) interphase; (b) Growth phase 1 (G1); (c) Synthesis phase (S) and, (d) Growth phase 2 (G2) Interphase ……………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Growth phase 1………………………………………………………………... …………………………………………………………………………………… Synthesis ……………………………………………………………….............. …………………………………………………………………………………… Growth phase 2 ……………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………
- 3. Revision questions 1.6. Cell division Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:miltiadis@stepsinbiology.com; http://www.stepsinbiology.com 5. Outline the main events happening during interphase. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Label and annotate the following structures 7. Outline how DNA supercoils into chromosomes and explain why this supercoiling is essential during mitosis. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… A B C D
- 4. Revision questions 1.6. Cell division Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:miltiadis@stepsinbiology.com; http://www.stepsinbiology.com …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 8.Draw and label a pie chart to show the relative amount of time spent in each phase of the cell cycle, including the stages of interphase and mitosis, as well as cytokinesis. 9. Sketch and outline the stages of mitosis of an animal cell with a chromosome number of four. Stage / Sketch Outline Prophase (early)
- 5. Revision questions 1.6. Cell division Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:miltiadis@stepsinbiology.com; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
- 6. Revision questions 1.6. Cell division Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:miltiadis@stepsinbiology.com; http://www.stepsinbiology.com 10. In the micrograph given below we may see meristem cells in onion roots undergoing mitosis. Indicate at least one cell in prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Mitosis_%28261_13%29_Pressed%3B_root_meristem_of_ onion_%28cells_in_prophase,_metaphase,_anaphase,_telophase%29.jpg
- 7. Revision questions 1.6. Cell division Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:miltiadis@stepsinbiology.com; http://www.stepsinbiology.com 11. Calculate the mitotic index using the data given below Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Total Number of cells 50 2 2 2 2 12. Calculate the mitotic index for the following micrograph. http://www.mondadorieducation.it/media/contenuti/sfoglialibro/120900037338_cavagna_laboratoriobiologia/files/assets/s eo/page11_images/0001.jpg
- 8. Revision questions 1.6. Cell division Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:miltiadis@stepsinbiology.com; http://www.stepsinbiology.com 13. Define cytokinesis …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 14. Describe cytokinesis in animal cells. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 15. Distinguish cytokinesis in plant and animal cells. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………
- 9. Revision questions 1.6. Cell division Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:miltiadis@stepsinbiology.com; http://www.stepsinbiology.com 16. The following diagrams outline the steps of cytokinesis in plant cells. Annotate this diagrams in order to outline the process of cytokinesis in plant cells. 17. Explain the role of cyclins in mitosis …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 18. Define the following terms (a) benign tumour (b) malignant tumour (c) cancer (d) carcinogen (d) mutagen (e) proto-oncogene and (f) Tumour- suppressor genes.
- 10. Revision questions 1.6. Cell division Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:miltiadis@stepsinbiology.com; http://www.stepsinbiology.com 19. A study was carried out into the number of cigarettes smoked by men per year and the number of deaths from lung cancer. The graph below shows the results of this study. EDEXCEL Biology AS Paper 1 January 2009 http://qualifications.pearson.com/en/support/support-topics/exams/past-papers.html (a) Describe the changes in the number of deaths from lung cancer and number of cigarette smoked between 1920 and 1975. (b) Explain the meaning of the term correlation. (c) Does correlation mean causality? (c) Describe the evidence shown in this graph that suggests there is a correlation between cigarette smoking and the number of deaths from lung cancer. (d) Give two additional pieces of information that would increase the validity of any conclusions made from this study.
- 11. Revision questions 1.6. Cell division Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:miltiadis@stepsinbiology.com; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
- 12. Revision questions 1.6. Cell division Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:miltiadis@stepsinbiology.com; http://www.stepsinbiology.com References: Allott, Andrew. Biology: Course Companion. S.l.: Oxford UP, 2014. Print. Paine, Chris . “BioKnowledgy DP Notes 1.6 – Cell division” Web. 06 Nov 2016. <http://www.slideshare.net/diverzippy/bioknowledgy-dp-notes- 16?ref=http://www.bioknowledgy.info/16-cell-division.html> Taylor, Stephen. "Essential Biology 02.5 Cell Division.docx." Web. 24 Aug. 2014. <https://www.box.net/shared/3yh5839dua>