2. 2
CONTENTS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Strategy
1.3 Execution – Pre Contract
1.4 Post Contract
1.5 Delivery – MIDP
1.6 Mobilization
1.7 Production – BS1192
1.8 Common Data Environment - CDE (PIM)
1.9 Handover & Closeout - PIM
2.0 Project Information Model - PIM
2.1 Asset Information Model (AIM) - OPEX
2.2 Operations - COBie
3. 3
BIM Theory and Practice – Semester 1
Module 2
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The Government Transport Authority has commissioned a scheme to build
a new link road (The Woodside Link) alongside the existing stretch of A1
that runs through Dunstable Bedfordshire.
The new stretch of road will start at the junction at Torn Turn (A505) and
finish at the Toddington Services. Work is due to complete in the spring of
2017. The link road will consist of three new junctions, two roundabouts, an
interchange with the M1, a bridge on the B579, Luton road and a further 4
bridges at various points along the A5-M1.
The feasibility of the new link has concluded that £38.3 million invested in
the new Woodside Link road is a strategic transport improvement that will
relieve traffic going through the town, thus increasing road safety and will
boost the local economy.
Infrastructure is a vital part of our long term economic plan to secure a better
future for the people of Bedfordshire, The A5-M1 Link road is a great example of
how we are delivering projects that will boost growth across the country.
RHon Patrick McLoughlin. (2015). Press release, boost for Bedfordshire economy as new A5-
M1 link road starts construction. Retrieved 14 October, 2015, from
http://www.gov.uk/government/news/
Figure 1: Layout of the new A5-M1Link Road (Source: Bedfordshire Council, 2015)
4. 4
1.2 STRATEGY
The groundwork for BIM Level 2 procedures and workflows begin at an
early stage (before pre-contract). The level of consultation at this stage
between the BIM manager and employer has to be the most crucial stage
of the whole process. BIM’s ethos is to look at the project from beginning to
end and treat the process as a whole. This is where power of BIM comes
into it own, because its procedures play a crucial part in determining the
roles and responsibilities of all parties involved.
The first piece of the process is to make the employer aware of the PAS
and British Standards and guidelines that need to be followed to achieve
BIM Level 2. Below is a list of these documents.
PAS1192-2:2013 – Specification for information management for capital/delivery phase of
construction projects using Building Information Modeling.
PAS1192-3:2014 – Specification for information management for the operation phase of
assets using Building Information Modeling.
PAS1192-4:2014 - Collaborative production of information part4: Fulfilling employers
information exchange requirements using COBie – code of practice.
BS 1192-4:2014 – Collaborative production of information.
PAS1192-5:2015 – Specification for security-minded building information management,
digital built environments and smart asset management.
Construction Industry Council (CIC) – Building Information Model Protocol.
Digital Plan of Work (DPoW) – Working group representing a range of trade
organizations, suppliers and contractors.
Classification Systems Q2 – Specifications in Development.
The first document of the level 2 process is the PAS1192-2: 2013. This will
give us guidance on how to draft an Employers Information Requirement.
Below is a brief summery of what is the purpose of the EIR.
“The development of the EIR shall start either with the assessment of an existing
asset leading to the development of the employers need, or directly with the
employer’s need if no existing asset or asset information model (AIM) is to be
considered.”
Designing Buildings Wiki. (Last edited 20 Aug 2015). Employers information requirements for
BIM. Retrieved 16 October, 2015, from http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/employer
%27s_ information_requirements_for_bim
If as stated above there are no previous schemes constructed without
Level 2, the BIM Manager and Employer work in close consultation to
develop the EIR. The PAS1192-2: 2013 specification will be the document
to optimize the requirements of the employer expectations of the project.
(This will form the basis of a BIM Execution Plan).
Once all parties have agreed the Employers Information Requirement. The
production of this document will run parallel with the requirements with
British standards BS6100-4 2008: Building and Civil Engineering. This
British standard is a statutory requirement along with the Technical
Approval of Highway Structures BD2/12, volume 1, section1, part 1.
5. 5
Cont.
This document requires the scheme to meet the Technical Approval (TA);
a brief summery of these specifications is as follows:
“The TA procedures as described in the standard generally require the proposer
to submit an Approval In Principal (AIP) to the overseeing organization and to
receive endorsement of the AIP before proceeding with any design or assessment.
The completed design or assessment cannot be implemented until the overseeing
organization is in receipt of certified confirmation that the implementation
documents are accurate and fully in compliance with the requirements of the
AIP”.
Highways Agency Transport Guidance. (n.d.). Standards for highways online resources.
Retrieved 08 October 2015 from http://www.gov.uk/guidance/standards-for-highways-online-
resources.
Williams Lea. volume 1, section 1, dmrb | standards for highways. Retrieved from
http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/dmrb/vol0/ section1/bd212-548kb-pdf
Other requirements in the BD2/12 are:
1. The Technical Assessment dose or will not effect the terms of
contractual stipulations relating to all parties involved on the project,
with the exemptions of DBFO (Design, Build, Finance & Operate)
contracts are exempt from this.
2. The approval in principal for this scheme has to be defined in the
contract as only guides to construction or are sufficient enough to
proceed with tender invitations.
One clause in particular could prove to be sticking point from issuing an
EIR to next Level 2 document, the BIM Execution Plan (BEP). The
clause states under the Contractual Responsibilities and Procedures:
1.17 For some forms of procurement, Technical Assessment for the design would
typically be completed in detail before tenders for carrying out the construction
work required by the design are invited.
For other forms of procurement, where the design has not yet been completed
prior to inviting tenders the TA process would typically only be partially
completed during the tender period. Submission of a final detailed Approval In
Principal (AIP) would usually take place following award of contract.
Highways Agency Technical Approval of Highway Structures. (n.d.). BD2/12, Volume 1, Section
1, Part 1. Retrieved from Williams Lea. volume 1, section 1, dmrb | standards for highways.
Retrieved 08 October 2015 from http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk
http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/dmrb/vol0/ section1/bd212-548kb-pdf
6. 6
1.3 EXECUTION: Pre-Contract
Once the EIP conditions are collated, the invite to tender for the project
begins. All prospective bidders are required to be BIM compliant. This is
the mandatory requirement to undertake this project. Contractors will have
to supply a BIM Execution Plan (BEP). The BIM Execution Plan is a single
document split into 2 mini contracts: Pre Contract at tender stage and Post
Contract submitted by the successful bidder. The Pre BEP contract will
form part of the tender.
1.4 Post-Contract
Balfour Beatty was announced as the winning tender (Amey as the lead
Project Manager / Design consultants). At this point the Post-contract BEP
would be submitted as part of the contract and forms an integral part of the
project, so it is important that the contractor can demonstrate to the
employer that the plan of work is attainable. The building information model
protocol published by the Construction Industry Council will ensure that
BEP is central to the contract. The preface of this contract states:
The BEP shall list the agreed targets for responsibility, timely delivery, exchange,
reuse and final handover to the clients it will also list all of agreed elements as
outlined in the Employers Information Requirements (EIR). The brief, the
BS1192: 2007, PAS1192-2: 2013, the Construction Project Information Protocol
and the contract documents. The BEP is structured in accordance with PAS1192-
2: 2013.
CPIC, CPIx. (n.d.). BIM Execution Plan. Retrieved 14 October, 2015 from
http://www.cpic.org.uk/cpix /cpix-bim-execution-plan
A brief overview of a few content in the Post BEP Contract:
• Details of the Project Delivery Manager and Project Team
representatives and roles.
• The Contractors capacity and competence of their supply chains.
• Concise details of how the Information requirements of the
employer are met.
• Software applications to be agreed with all parties involved on the
project.
• The security safeguards of building information data during and
after completion of the project. Protection and prevention of
malicious breeches of systems set up by the main contractor &
stakeholder, from outside sources (Reference PAS1192-5 for
further guidance).
• A list of standards and procedures for the project.
• Roles and responsibilities or the team in ensuring the requirements
set out in the BIM Execution Plan.
7. 7
1.5 Delivery – MIDP
On signing of the contract the next requirement is to set up the Master
Information Delivery Plan (MIDP). There are several pieces of information
that when combined make up the MIDP, the first of which is the
Construction Program or Project Plan submitted by the lead contractor.
The Construction Programme parameters will be linked to the MIDP.
The MIDP requires more information to become effective, this
information comes from an element that makes up the BIM Execution Plan:
the Supply Chain Capability Summery (SCCS). This document also
generates another document called the Responsibility Matrix (RM)also
known as ‘Projects roles tables’. The RM lists the responsibilities of each
discipline of production of information (documents or models) and the
relationship between all parties involved.
The final piece that makes up the MIDP is the Task Team Information
Delivery Plan (TIDP). The TIDP are documents containing information
deliverables and are submitted by the Task Team Managers directly into
the MIDP. The Information MIDP holds is fed back into the BIM Execution
Plan. All aspects of the CAPEX (construction) process is accounted for and
all procedures, systems, scheduling all lead back to the BIM Execution
Plan.
Below is a diagram designed by Mervyn Richards showing the flow of
Level 2 documentation.
8. 8
Figure 2 (PAS1192-2, 2013, p.8) shows the relationship between documents used for Information Management
1.6 Mobilization
The next step is for the Project Delivery Team to review all the
documentation created (EIR, BEP and MIDP) and to begin to create the
framework to make them operational. Before the design stage begins the
team needs to:
1. Ensure that all relevant documents have been collated,
prepared and agreed by all parties.
2. Information Management systems are in place and are
capable of coping with the Information to be stored.
(Simulated test should take place to fix any problems at this
stage rather than at design / construction phase).
3. Establish if the Delivery Team has the skillset needed to
complete this project successfully. If there is a skills gap
further training and education will be provided.
4. Supply chain systems are ready and capable to deliver as
scheduled.
Once these issues have been addressed the move to the design phase
can begin. (*Note: a mobilization period agreed for this period by the
employer and contractor).
1.7 Production –BS1192
The standards set out in PAS1192-2 have given us scope to establishing
plan of work, procedures and information management. The BIM Manager
and Project Delivery Team will also work to British Standards: BS1192
(2007) a summary of the standard objectives states:
Establishes the methodology for managing the production, distribution and
quality of construction information, including that generated by CAD systems,
using a disciplined process for collaboration and a specified naming policy. It is
applicable to all parties involved in the presentation and use of information
throughout the design, construction, operation and deconstruction throughout the
project life cycle and the supply chain. The principles for information sharing and
common modeling are equally applicable to building and civil projects. This
standard is also a guide for developers of software applications to enable them to
support its implementation through the provision of configuration files or
application add-ons.
British Standards Institute (BSI) BS 1192-4:2014. Part 4: Fulfilling employer’s information
exchange requirements using COBie – Code of practice. 1192, (2007). Retrieved from
http://www.shop.bsigroup.com
9. 9
This standard gives guidance and recommendations on how processes
can be carried out and addresses two key issues the first is the handling
and distribution of data, and the second is the naming convention of data.
These procedures are not compulsory but are widely adopted by the
construction industry.
Collaboration Management Process – BS1192
During the construction phase the Collaboration Management Process is a
procedure that enables teams involved with the design of models and
production of drawings to submit to a centralized depository in order to co-
ordinate designs as they develop. Each discipline still has control of their
work (work-in progress) before releasing to other teams to amend any
design flaws. Once all parties agree and approve a finished design, the
drawing or document will be published at agreed construction phases, and
archived. The employer as stipulated in the contract can access this
archive. Below is an illustration of this procedure.
In Figure 3 (PAS1192-3, 2013, p.16) the common data environment workflow extracted from PAS119-2
10. 10
1.8 Common Data Environment – CDE (PIM)
The principals of a Common Data Environment have been discussed
within the construction industry since the year 2000. The software-as-a-
source applications as developed by companies like Hewlett Packard have
become available. The Common Data Environment is single source cloud
based application for information deposits collected, and manages data
through the project CAPEX period (conception, design and construction
phase) to the OPEX (handover and operation) stages.
The project team can deposit graphical and non-graphical content,
creating a single source of information and facilitates collaboration
between project team members. CDE’s key attribute is that it prevents
mistakes or duplication of work.
1.9 Handover & Closeout – (PIM)
At the end of the construction period the handover of the
infrastructure/asset from the contractor to the employer takes place. This is
done in stages, to ensure that any problems with the build need to be
rectified, this is known as ‘Defects Liability period’. There is also period of
handover known as a ‘soft landing’. A formal transfer of the Common Data
Environment (CDE) to the employer will also take place. Below is an
extract from PAS1192-2 in regards to this.
10.2.1 The effective transfer of structured information between the asset lifecycle
stages delivers significant value. To effectively enable this, formal handover
processes shall be documented in the EIR. The document shall define the
structure, process and content of information to be exchanged. This document
shall form the basis for the operational contract documentation. In addition,
appropriate surveys such as point cloud or LiDAR shall be provided to verify the
completeness of the as-constructed model.
British Standards Institute (BSI) & the Construction Industry Council (CIC): PAS1192-
3(2014). Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of
construction projects using Building Information Modeling. Retrieved from
http://shop.bsigroup.com
2.0 Project Information Model (PIM)
At this point I would like to discuss the main object of this Level 2
procedure: the infrastructure itself. This is the commissioned Link road. As
explained the different requirements needed to reach this stage: EIR, BEP,
MIDP and Mobilization, from this the Project Information Model is finalized.
The information delivery cycle has six objectives during the CAPEX stage:
Brief, Concept, Design, Definition, Build & Commission, Handover and
Closeout.
During the end of each stage data drops are made to the suppliers
information exchange in readiness of the next phase of the project. The
11. 11
supply of information is also transferred to the Employer as stipulated in
the contract. Employer data drops only happen at stages: 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7.
2.1 Asset Information Model (AIM) - OPEX
There is a seventh stage: Operation this comes under the Asset
Information Model (AIM). This comes into effect on handover of the project
to the employer. This stage of the Level 2 process is governed by standard
ISO 55001 (this supersedes PAS 55), and PAS1192-3.
ISO 55001 (PAS 55): This standards set out a clear guide on how to
optimize management of assets. A 28-point specification whole-life
management system. and how to align the maintenance and operation of
the asset with the aims and strategy of the business. This can be adopted
for use on any form of infrastructure / asset.
PAS1192-3 2014: Standard covers the same areas of governance as ISO
55001 (PAS 55) to achieve the of the operation optimization of
infrastructure asset on handover:
2.2 Operations – COBie
Part of the operational function of level 2 BIM is the maintenance of an
asset throughout its lifespan. On completion of a project all documentation
associated is handed over form the contractor to the client. One crucial
document is the Construction Operation Building information exchange or
better known as COBie. The concept and development of this document
was created in the US where it has proven to be a valuable tool in
maintaining infrastructure. The format is a spreadsheet making it easy for
all parties to input, communicate and exchange information for the
duration of a project. COBie has been used successful as a go-to
operations manual.N
12. 12
APENDIX
British Standards Institute. Construction Industry Council. Specification for information
management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using Building Information
Modeling. Retrieved from http://shop.bsigroup.com (BS 1192-4:2014, PAS1192-3 2014).
British Standards Institute. Construction Industry Council. Specification for information
management for the operational phase of assets using Building Information Modeling. Retrieved
form http://shop.bsigroup.com (PAS1192-3: 2014).
British Standards Institute. (2014). Part 4: Fulfilling employer’s information exchange
requirements using COBie – Code of practice. (BS 1192-4:2014). Retrieved from
http://www.shop.bsigroup.org
Central Bedfordshire Council. (2015). Layout of the woodland link road [Drawing]
Retrieved from http://www.centralbedfordshier.gov.uk/65489/
Construction Project Information Protocol. (n.d.). CPIx BIM Execution Plan. Retrieved 14
October, 2015. from http://www.cpic.org.uk/cpix /cpix-bim-execution-plan Committee.
Designing Buildings Wiki. (Last edited 20 Aug 2015). Employers information requirements for
BIM. Retrieved from http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/ wiki/employer%27s_ information_
requirements_for_bim
Department for Transport. The Highways Agency. (2015). Transport Guidance. Standards for
highways online resources. Retrieved from http://www.gov.uk/guidance/standards-for-highways-
online-resources.
Department for Transport. The Highways Agency. Department Technical Approval of
Highway Structures BD2/12, Volume 1, Section 1, Part 1. Retrieved from Williams Lea. volume 1,
section 1, dmrb | standards for highways. Retrieved from
http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/dmrb/vol0/ section1/bd212-548kb-pdf
Nesbitt N, (2013). Technical Review of the use of COBie in Civil Engineering and Infrastructure
Handover. Strategy Paper for the Government Construction Client Group (BIM Industry Working
Group). Retrieved from http://bimtaskgroup.org
Richards, M. (2013). Relationships between documents used for Information Management
[Drawing]. In British Standards Institute (BSI) & the Construction Industry Council (CIC): 2013
Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects
using building information modeling, p. 8.
Richards, M. (2013). Common data environment extracted from PAS1192-2 [Drawing]. In
British Standards Institute (BSI) & the Construction Industry Council (CIC): 2013 Specification
for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using building
information modeling, p. 26.
Williams Lea. volume 1, section 1, dmrb | standards for highways. Retrieved from
http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/dmrb/vol0/ section1/bd212-548kb-pdf
