2. Background
• Civil Engineering
– Long History
• Water was being fundamental area
– Early civilization was based on water
• Fields in Civil Engineering
– Water Engineering
– Environmental Engineering
4. Hydrology
• Study of water
– Design flood estimation
– Yield analysis (design of water storage system)
– Estimation of environmental flows
– Ground water problems
5. Fluid mechanic & hydraulic
• Study of fluids (both rest & motion)
– Hydrostatic (fluid pressure)
– Fluid flow principle
• Conservation of mass, energy & impulse (momentum)
– Physical & numerical modelling
– Flow in closed conduits (pipes) or open channels
– Unsteady flows
• Waves, surges & water hammer
6. Water Resources Planning and Management
• Deals with problems from a wide,
multi‐disciplinary perspective.
• Interfaces with community.
8. Importance
• Water is essential for life
• Water management
– important for maintenance of life
– Multi-disciplinary
• Many professions are involved
9. Encountered Problems
• Flood mitigation and land drainage
• Culvert and bridge design
• Irrigation system
• Hydro-electric and power generation
• Urban drainage systems
• Water supply
• Environmental flows
• Erosion
• Mine tailing
10. Natural Disasters
• Floods account for
– >1/3 of all natural disasters
– >1/2 of all natural disasters’ fatalities
– >money is spent on flood control than any other
type of natural disaster
11. Hydrological Cycle
• One of the fundamental cycles of nature
– Cycle has no start and no end
– Cycle s continuous
– Water flow is not continuous
– Water moves erratically through the cycle
12. Hydrological Cycle
• General components of cycle are treated with
system approach to analyze the water
resource problems
• The components are
– Atmospheric water
– Surface water
– Ground water
