2. To use this method, the woman must record her menstrual cycles for 6 to 8 months to identify the shortest and longest cycles. The first day of menstruation is the first day of cycle. The fertile phase is calculated from 18 days before the end of the shortest recorded cycle through 11 days from the end of the longest recorded cycle.

4. Requires woman to take BBT every morning upon awakening before any activity and record the readings on a temperature graph by the use of BBT thermometer

5. Woman with regular cycles should be able to predict when ovulation will occur. The method is Based on the fact that temperature sometimes drops just before ovulation and almost always rises and remains elevated for several days after.

6. Temperature rise occurs in response to the increased progesterone levels that occur in the second half of the cycle.

8. Involves assessment of cervical mucus that occurs during menstrual cycle.

9. The amount and character of cervical mucus change because of the influence of estrogen and progesterone.

10. During the follicular phase of the cycle(from the end of menses prior to ovulation),cervical mucus is thin and scanty, and may be even more absent. At the time of ovulation, the mucus (Estrogen-dominant mucus)is clearer, more stretchable(a quality called spinnbarkheit), and more permeable to sperm. During the Luteal phase (following ovulation through the time just prior to the onset of menses), Cervical mucus is thick and sticky (Progesterone-dominant mucus) and forms a network that traps sperm, making passage difficult.

12. Includes information regarding cycle length, coitus, cervical mucus changes, and secondary signs such as increased libido, abdominal bleating, mittelschmerz (midcycle abdominal pain), and BBT.

14. Failure tends to occur for two reasons:

15. This method demands great self-control on the part of the man, who must withdraw it just as he feels the urge for deeper penetration with impending orgasm.

16. Some preejaculatory fluid, which can contain sperm, may escape from the penis during the excitement phase prior to ejaculation. Because the quantity of sperm in this preejaculatory fluid is increased after a recent ejaculation, this is especially significant for couples who engage in repeated episodes of orgasm within a short period of time.

18. Has no side effects, requires no medical examination or supervision.

19. Condom is applied on erect penis, rolled from the tip to the end of the shaft, before vulvar or vaginal contact.

20. Most condoms have reservoir tip to allow for collection of ejaculate. When using a condom without a reservoir end, a small space must be left at the end to collect the ejaculate, so that the condom does not break at the time of ejaculation.

22. The inner ring, at the closed end of the condom, serves as the means of insertion and fits over the cervix like a diaphragm. The second ring remains outside the vagina and covers a portion of the woman’s perineum. It also covers the base of the man’s penis during intercourse.

24. It is used with spermicidal cream or jelly and offers a good level of protection from conception.

25. Three types of diaphragm are available: the flat spring, coil spring and the arcing spring.

27. Effectiveness rates and method of insertion are similar to those for the diaphragm.

28. Cervical cap should be inserted without rushing, ahead of possible intercourse.

30. Is a pillow-shaped, soft, absorbent synthetic sponge containing a spermicide.

31. It is made with a concave cupped area on one side, which is designed to fit over the cervix. It also has a loop for easier removal.

32. The sponge acts as a contraceptive by releasing the spermicide nonoxymol-9 gradually over a 24 hour period.

34. Advantages of IUD include high rate of effectiveness, continuous contraceptive protection, no coitus-related activity, and relative inexpensiveness over time.

36. Are combination of a synthetic estrogen and progestin.

37. One of the most popular contraceptive options available to women.

38. Are safe, highly effective and rapidly reversible.

39. Taken daily for 21 days ,following one of the two methods:

40. Day-one start – the woman begins taking the pill the first day of her menstrual cycle. This method prevents ovulation in the first cycle, so no backup method of contraception is needed

42. Is a flexible, soft vaginal ring that is inserted monthly.

43. One size ring fits virtually all women.

45. Are effective for up to 5 years in the woman’s arm.

46. Typically, six rods are inserted, although the manufacturer is currently developing norplant II, which uses only two rods.

47. Prevents ovulation in most women.

48. Stimulates the production of thick cervical mucus, which inhibits sperm penetration.

49. Provides effective continuous contraception that is removed from the act of coitus.

50. Women should be advised that the implant may be visible, especially in very slender users, and that it requires a minor surgical procedure to insert and remove implants

52. Combined hormonal contraception can now be provided transdermally using a weekly contraceptive skin patch.

53. This patch is applied weekly for 3 weeks on one of four sites : the woman’s abdomen, buttocks, upper outer arm, or trunk (excluding breasts).

54. The patch is highly effective in women who weigh less than 198 pounds.

55. Patch users follow the same options for starting as users or oral contraception- Sunday start or day-one start.

57. Administered as a single IM injection of 150 mg.

58. Acts primarily by suppressing ovulation. DMPA Provides levels of progesterone high enough to block the luteinizing hormone surge, thereby suppressing the ovulation.

59. Also thickens the cervical mucus to block sperm penetration.

60. Side effects include menstrual irregularities, headache, weight gain, breast tenderness and depression.

62. It takes about 4 to 6 weeks and 6 to 36 ejaculations to clear the remaining sperm from the vas deference.

64. Complications of female sterilization procedures include coagulation burns on the bowel, bowel perforation, pain, infection, hemorrhage, and adverse anesthesia effects.

65. Reversal of a tubal ligation depends on the type of procedure performed.