introduction to dental anatomy

INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL
ANATOMY
Moamer Gabsa
BDS,diploma of research method
,MSc Anatomy

OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lecture you can able to :By the end of this lecture you can able to :
•Define the dental anatomy.Define the dental anatomy.
• Describe the type of dentation.
•Identify the layers of tooth.Identify the layers of tooth.
•Know the dental anatomy terms
•Describe the surface of tooth.

LECTURE MAP
• Definition of dental anatomy.Definition of dental anatomy.
• Types of dentation.
• Layers of tooth.Layers of tooth.
• Dental anatomy terms
• Surface of tooth.

DENTAL ANATOMY
study of the:
•Development
•Morphology
•Function
•Identity
of each of the teeth in the human dentitions, as well as the way in which the teeth
relate in shape, form, structure, color, and function to the other teeth in the same
dental arch and to the teeth in the opposing arch.
The study of dental anatomy, physiology, and occlusion
provides one of the basic components of the skills needed to
practice all phases of dentistry.

• Humans have two sets of teeth
in their lifetime
• Deciduous
• Permanent
• Dentition define as normal
teeth in oral cavity
TYPESTYPES OF DENTITIONOF DENTITION

ClassificationClassification of Dentitionof Dentition
Anatomical
ClinicalClinical
Deciduous Permanent
Deciduous Permanent
Mixed

1.1. Deciduous (baby) teethDeciduous (baby) teeth
. Twenty ( 20) primary teeth.. Twenty ( 20) primary teeth.
. Arches - maxillary and mandibular.. Arches - maxillary and mandibular.
. Quadrants - each arch divided in half.. Quadrants - each arch divided in half.
(1) Maxillary right and left.(1) Maxillary right and left.
(2) Mandibular right and left.(2) Mandibular right and left.

. Teeth in each quadrant.
(1) Central incisor
(2) Lateral incisor
(3) Canine
(4) 1st molar
(5) 2nd molar

. Anterior and posterior teeth.
(1) Anterior - centrals, laterals,
and canine.
(2) Posterior - molars.
Deciduous Teeth classified according to their position into :Deciduous Teeth classified according to their position into :

2. Permanent teeth.2. Permanent teeth.
a. Thirty-two (32) permanent
teeth.
b. Arches - maxillary
& mandibular.
R L

c. Quadrants.c. Quadrants.
(1) Maxillary right and left.(1) Maxillary right and left.
(2) Mandibular right and left.(2) Mandibular right and left. R L
Permanent TeethPermanent Teeth

Teeth in each quadrant.
(1) Central incisor.
(2) Lateral incisor.
(3) canine.

(4) 1st
premolar
(5) 2nd
premolar
(6) 1st
molar
(7) 2nd
molar
(8) 3rd
molar
(wisdom tooth)

e. Anterior and posterior teeth.e. Anterior and posterior teeth.
(1) Anterior - central,(1) Anterior - central,
lateral and canine.lateral and canine.
(2) Posteriors – premolar(2) Posteriors – premolar
and molars.and molars.

LECTURE MAP
• Definition of dental anatomy.Definition of dental anatomy.
• Types of dentation.
• Dental anatomy terms
• Layers of tooth.Layers of tooth.
• Surface of tooth.

1.1. Anatomical crown:Anatomical crown:
portion of tooth covered with enamelportion of tooth covered with enamel
Terms
AnatomicAnatomic
crowncrown

2.2. Clinical crownClinical crown
visible part of toothvisible part of tooth above the gum lineabove the gum line..
Anatomical
crown
Clinical
crown

3.3. RootRoot
Part of tooth embedded in the alveolarPart of tooth embedded in the alveolar
process and covered byprocess and covered by cementumcementum..

4. Apex:
tapered end of root tip.
5. Apical foramen:
opening at the root tip.

4. Periodontium
Perio: means around

I. Alveolar process.
- Bone extensions of the maxillae and
mandible that supports the teeth.
- Cortical plate is the dense outer layer of
bone covering the spongy (cancellous) bone

Dentin
Enamel
Dentinal
Tubules
Cementum
Pulp
Alveolar
Process
Cortical Plate
Spongy Bone

II. Periodontal ligaments.II. Periodontal ligaments.
- Dense connective fibrous tissues that- Dense connective fibrous tissues that
connect teeth to the alveolar bone.connect teeth to the alveolar bone.
- One end is embedded in cementum and- One end is embedded in cementum and
other end in bone.other end in bone.
- Supports and protects the tooth from- Supports and protects the tooth from
normal shock.normal shock.

Dentin
Enamel
Dentinal
Tubules
Cementum
Pulp
Alveolar
Process
Cortical Plate
Spongy Bone
Periodontal
Ligaments

III.III. Gingiva:Gingiva:
- Part of oral mucosa- Part of oral mucosa
- Surrounds the teeth and covers the- Surrounds the teeth and covers the
alveolar process.alveolar process.

Dentin
Enamel
Dentinal
Tubules
Cementum
Pulp
Alveolar
Process
Cortical Plate
Spongy Bone
Periodontal
Ligaments
Gingiva

Cusp is an elevation or mound on the
crown portion of a tooth making up a
divisional part of the occlusal surface
Tubercle is a smaller elevation on some
portion of the crown produced by an extra
formation of enamel
Cingulum (Latin word for “girdle”)
is the lingual lobe of an anterior
tooth.
Ridge is any linear elevation on the surface of
a tooth and is named according to its location
(e.g., buccal ridge , incisal ridge, marginal ridge).
Fossa is an irregular depression or
concavity
Developmental groove is a shallow groove
or line between the primary parts of the crown
or root.

Tooth composed of 4 types of layers:
1- Enamel
2- Dentin
3- Cementum
4- Pulp

1.1.EnamelEnamel
- Makes up anatomic crown.- Makes up anatomic crown.
-- HardestHardest material in the human body.material in the human body.
- Incapable of- Incapable of remodelingremodeling andand repairrepair..

2.Dentin2.Dentin
- Makes up bulk of tooth.- Makes up bulk of tooth.
- Covered by enamel on crown and- Covered by enamel on crown and
cementum on the root.cementum on the root.
- Not as hard as enamel.- Not as hard as enamel.
- Exposed dentin is often sensitive to cold, hot,- Exposed dentin is often sensitive to cold, hot,
air, and touch (via dentinal tubules).air, and touch (via dentinal tubules).

Dentin
Enamel
Dentinal
Tubules

3.3. CementumCementum
- Covers root of tooth.- Covers root of tooth.
- Overlies the dentin and joins the enamel atOverlies the dentin and joins the enamel at
the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ).the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ).
- Primary function is to anchor the tooth toPrimary function is to anchor the tooth to
the bony socket with attachment fibers.the bony socket with attachment fibers.

Dentin
Enamel
Dentinal
Tubules
Cementum

4.4. PulpPulp
- Made up of blood vessels and nerves- Made up of blood vessels and nerves
entering through the apical foramen.entering through the apical foramen.
- Contains connective tissue, which aids- Contains connective tissue, which aids
interchange between pulp and dentin.interchange between pulp and dentin.

Dentin
Enamel
Dentinal
Tubules
Cementum
Pulp

TTooooth Suth Surfarfacesces
1. Facial - next to cheeks & lips .
a. Labial- anterior facial.
b. Buccal - posterior facial.
2. Lingual- next to tongue.
3. Mesial - towards midline, an imaginary
line between central incisors.

4. Distal- away from midline.4. Distal- away from midline.
5. Incisal- cutting edge of5. Incisal- cutting edge of
anterior teeth.anterior teeth.
6. Occlusal- chewing surface6. Occlusal- chewing surface
of the posterior teeth.of the posterior teeth.

7. Proximal surface - mesial7. Proximal surface - mesial
or distal surface of a toothor distal surface of a tooth
lying next to anotherlying next to another
tooth.tooth.
8.8.Interproximal space (embrasure)Interproximal space (embrasure)

9. Cusps:
Pronounced elevations on the occlusal
surfaces of a tooth terminating in a conical
or rounded surface.

introduction to dental anatomy

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