Risk 8- pm study question risk management

‫تم‬‫جمع‬‫هذه‬‫االسئلة‬‫من‬‫موقع‬( (PM Study....‫بنية‬
‫علم‬‫ينتفع‬‫به‬.....‫برجاء‬‫الدعاء‬‫لي‬‫وللوالدين‬
RISK
MANAGMENT
Chapter -9
AA

adel.abdulrazek@tesla.com.sa
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Risk Management
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: In your project, you are creating a diagram that describes the decision under consideration and
implications of choosing one or another of the available alternatives. This will help to:
1. Get a qualitative analysis of the risk
2. Determine which risks may have the most impact on the project
3. Translate the uncertainties at a detailed level into potential impact on objectives expressed at the level of the total project
4. Determine which decision yields the greatest expected value
Justification: Decision Tree Analysis is a diagramming and calculation technique for evaluating the implications of
a chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty.
Reference: PMBOK®
Guide - Fifth Edition, page 536
PMstudy.com comments: Solving the decision tree indicates which decision yields the greatest expected value to the
decision-maker when all the uncertain implications, costs, rewards, and subsequent decisions are quantified.
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: As a project manager, you are concerned with determining which risks may affect the project. What is
the process by which such risks are determined?
1. Plan Risk Management
2. Identify Risks
3. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
4. Plan Risk Responses
Justification: Identify Risks is the process of determining which risks may affect the project and documenting their
characteristics.
Reference: PMBOK®

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Correct Answer: # 2
Question: In your project, you have identified important risks and planned appropriate responses to the risks.
Some risks, such as the possibility of natural disasters impacting the project, have been documented and accepted in
the risk register. What are the remaining risks called?
1. Unidentifiable Risks
2. Residual Risks
3. Secondary Risks
4. Accepted Risks
Justification: Residual risks are those risks that remain after risk responses have been implemented. Residual
risks are expected to remain after planned responses have been taken, as well as those that have been deliberately
accepted.
Reference: PMBOK®
Guide - Fifth Edition, pages 305 and 558
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: Workarounds differ from contingency plans in that:
1. Contingency plans are planned in advance and workarounds are not planned in advance.
2. Workarounds are planned in advance and contingency plans are not planned in advance.
3. Contingency plans include plans for force majeure events, e.g. natural calamities, but workarounds are the residual risks in the project.
4. Workarounds only include plans for force majeure events, e.g. natural calamities
Justification: Workaround: A response to a threat that has occurred, for which a prior response had not been
planned or was not effective. Contingency plan or Fallback plan includes an alternate set of actions and tasks
available in the event that the primary plan needs to be abandoned because of issues, risks, or other causes.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: Workaround is distinguished from contingency plan in that a workaround is not planned in
advance of the occurrence of the risk event.
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: You are the project manager of a project which involves off-shore oil exploration. Since you cannot plan
for all eventualities, you establish a contingency reserve, including amounts of time, money, or resources to handle
the risks. This is an example of:
1. Risk avoidance
2. Risk transfer
3. Active risk acceptance
4. Improper risk planning since all risks should be identified and accounted

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Justification: The most common active acceptance strategy is to establish a contingency reserve, including
amounts of time, money, or resources to handle the risks.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: Please refer to the Decision Tree diagram given below. It shows the analysis of profit/loss for the two
alternatives (i.e., to build or buy).
What is the opportunity cost if the project manager decides to build instead of buy?
1. - $1,500
2. $3,500
3. $1,500
4. $5,000
Justification: Please refer to the diagram below :

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Profit of build: $5,000
Profit of buy: $3,500
Opportunity cost of build = Profit you give up if you do not buy = $3,500
Reference: PMstudy.com comments
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: As part of the risk management process, you have just created an overall risk ranking of the project and
a list of prioritized identified risks which need additional analysis and determined trends in risk analysis results. What
should you do next?
1. Analyze the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives
2. Create a list of identified risks
3. Maintain a risk register
4. Make a list of potential responses to the risks
Justification: Tasks like creating an overall risk ranking of the project, which includes a list of prioritized risks,
identifying which risks need additional analysis and determining trends in risk analysis results are all outputs of
Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis (PMBOK®
Guide - Fifth Edition, page 333). So, the next step is Perform
Quantitative Risk Analysis (i.e. analyze the effect of identified risks on overall project objectives) - PMBOK®
Guide -
Fifth Edition, page 333. Please note that options 2, 3, and 4 refer to outputs from Identify Risks process which has
already been completed - PMBOK®
Guide - Fifth Edition, page 327.
Correct Answer: # 3

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Question: In your project, probabilities are estimated and the alternatives are expected to be as follows:
25% probability for $ 25,000 profit
What is the expected profit in your project?
1. $ 40,000
2. $ 50,000
3. $ 51,250
4. $ 53,750
Justification: Expected Profit = Sum of the products of Probability and Profit for all alternatives i.e. [Sum of
(Probability X Profit)] for all the three alternatives
=(0.25 x $ 25,000) + (0.50 x $ 40,000) + (0.25 x $ 100,000)
= $ 6250 + $ 20,000 + $ 25,000
= $ 51,250
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: Project Risk Management includes all the processes concerned with conducting risk management
planning, identification, analysis, response planning, and controlling risk on a project. In this context, which of the
following statements about risk is not accurate?
1. Risk is an uncertain event or condition.
2. Risks have to be identified and properly managed.
3. Risk management should be done throughout the project.
4. Risk have a negative impact on the project objective.
Justification: The objectives of Project Risk Management are to increase the likelihood and impact of positive
events, and decrease the likelihood and impact of negative events in the project.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: You have completed the process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and to
reduce threats to project objectives. What is your NEXT step?
1. Determine which risks may affect the project and document their characteristics.
2. Implement risk response plans, track identified risks, monitor residual risks, identify new risks, and evaluate risk process effectiveness

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throughout the project.
3. Define how to conduct risk management activities for a project.
4. Assess the priority of identified risks using their probability of occurrence.
Justification: Plan Risk Responses is the process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and
to reduce threats to project objectives.
Control Risks is the process of implementing. risk response plans, tracking identified risks, monitoring residual risks,
identifying new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project.
The other options take place prior to the Plan Risk Responses process:
Option 1: This refers to the Identify Risks process.
Option 3: This refers to the Plan Risk Management process.
Option 4: This refers to the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: Please note that the Control Risks process should follow the Plan Risk Responses process.
So, option 2 is the correct answer.
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: In your project, the project architect met with an accident and will not be available for the next 3 months.
You had not planned for this in risk planning - what should you do NEXT?
1. Create a Workaround
2. Create a Fallback Plan
3. Do additional risk response planning
4. Create a new risk register for this risk
Justification: Workaround. A response to a threat that has occurred, for which a prior response has not been
planned or was not effective.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: You are in the process of creating a risk management plan for your project. This plan will describe how
risk management will be structured and performed on the project. Your risk management plan may include:
1. Avoid, transfer, mitigate, and accept risks

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2. Risk audits, reserve analysis, and technical performance measurement
3. Risk audits, triggers, and inputs to other processes
4. Budgeting, timing, and risk categories
Justification: The risk management plan includes the following: methodology, roles and responsibilities,
budgeting, timing, and risk categories.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments:
Option 1: This is done during the Plan Risk Responses process
Option 2: This is done during the Control Risks process
Option 3: This is done during the Identify Risks process
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: Which of the following tools and techniques would you NOT use in your project during the Plan Risk
Responses process?
1. Strategies for negative risks or threats
2. Contingent response strategies
3. Expert judgment
4. Simulation
Justification: Simulation is not a tool or technique for the Plan Risk Responses process.
Reference: PMBOK®
Guide - Fifth Edition, page 312 (figure 11-1)
PMstudy.com comments: Modeling and Simulation is used during the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process.
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: You have geographically dispersed team members, from whom you would like to anonymously obtain
expert opinion on the project you are managing. Which information gathering technique should you use?
1. Brainstorming
2. Delphi technique
3. SWOT analysis
4. Checklists
Justification: The Delphi technique is a way to reach a consensus of experts. Project risk experts participate in
this technique anonymously.

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Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: Brainstorming and SWOT analysis are not done anonymously. Checklists are an output of
the Plan Quality process.
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: Graphical representations of situations showing causal influences, time ordering of events, and other
relationships among variables and outcomes are also referred to as:
1. Cause-and-effect diagrams
2. System flow charts
3. Influence diagrams
4. Simulation diagrams
Justification: Influence diagrams. These are graphical representations of situations showing causal influences,
time ordering of events, and other relationships among variables and outcomes.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: You are in the build phase of a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) project, which has run into several
unanticipated problems. Several risks have surfaced which you had not anticipated earlier. The project is over-budget
and significantly behind schedule. What should you do?
1. Create updates to risk response plan
2. Create a revised project plan
3. Perform risk audits
4. Perform updated risk identification and analysis
Justification: Results from earned value analysis may indicate potential deviation of the project at completion from
cost and schedule targets. When a project deviates significantly from the baseline, updated risk identification and
analysis should be performed.
Correct Answer: # 1

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Question: While managing a project, you decide to create a prototype of your product first to ensure that it is
acceptable to stakeholders before creating your product. This is an example of:
1. Risk mitigation
2. Risk avoidance
3. Simulation
4. Project assumptions testing
Justification: Mitigation may require prototype development to reduce the risk of scaling up from a bench-scale
model of a process or product.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: You are the project manager in an automobile manufacturing company. Machine parts required in your
manufacturing process supplied by a vendor did not reach in time because of heavy rains. You had anticipated this
risk and planned for it in your risk response plan. So, as per your risk response plan, you started using unutilized
machine parts supplied one year ago. However, this has subjected your project to a new risk - the machine parts
which were not used for one year suffer from higher level of defects.
This new risk can also be called:
1. Unidentifiable risks
2. Unmanageable risks
3. Secondary risks
4. Residual risks
Justification: Secondary risk. A risk that arises as a direct result of implementing a risk response.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: Based on past estimates, there is a 25% probability for a particular event to occur every year. If a project
lasts for three years, what is the probability of the event happening in the third year?
1. 15.625 %
2. 6.25 %
3. 25%

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4. 75%
Justification: The probability of the event happening every year is 25%. So, the probability of the event happening
in the third year is also 25%.
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: As a project manager, you estimate that, in your project, there is:
50% probability of earning $40,000 profit
50% probability of incurring $25,000 loss
What is the expected value for the project considering profit and loss possibilities?
1. $32,500
2. $25,000
3. $7,500
4. - $7,500
Justification: Expected Profit = Sum of (Probability X Profit) (for each alternative)
= (0.50 x $40,000) + (0.50 x - $25,000)
= $20,000 - $12,500
= $7,500
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: In your project, you have been sub-contracting your IT development work to four consultancy firms.
Which of the following statements about transferring risk to a contractor is not true?
1. Risk transference nearly always involves payment of a risk premium.
2. Fixed price contract always transfers the risk to the seller.
3. Cost-plus contracts may transfer the cost risks to the buyer.
4. Contracts may be used for the transference of liability for specified risks to another party.
Justification: A fixed-price contract may transfer risk to the seller.
Reference: PMBOK®

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PMstudy.com comments: A fixed-price contract transfers risk to the seller if requirements are well defined and seller
has the capacity to handle the risk.
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: Your project is now in the executing stage. You are continuously monitoring and controlling risks to
minimize negative risks and to take timely action. Risk audits are helpful in this context because they:
1. Examine and document the effectiveness of risk responses.
2. Help in reassessment of risks.
3. Provide trends in the execution of the project, which can be reviewed using performance data.
4. Provide inputs required for the project planning stage.
Justification: Risk audits examine and document the effectiveness of risk responses in dealing with identified risks
and their root causes, as well as the effectiveness of the risk management process.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: You had budgeted $200,000 in your project as contingency reserve. Now, when you are 75% through in
project execution, you notice that the funds in your contingency reserves are down to $20,000. To compare the
amount of contingency reserves remaining in your project to the amount of risk remaining, you should conduct a:
1. Variance analysis
2. Trend analysis
3. Risk assessment
4. Reserve analysis
Justification: Reserve analysis compares the amount of the contingency reserves remaining to the amount of risk
remaining at any time in the project in order to determine if the remaining reserve is adequate.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 2

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Question: Since you know the importance of risk management, you always include it as an agenda item in your
weekly status meetings and spend ten minutes discussing the risks. Some of your project team members complain
that since none of the risks are actually happening, discussing risk management issues in status meetings is a waste
of time. What should you do?
1. Talk to your team members about the importance of risk management and why the project team needs to be aware of all risks at all
points of time.
2. Agree with your team members and mention to them that henceforth, no more time would be spent on discussing risks in the project
status meetings unless required in the future.
3. Call a meeting with your project sponsor and project management team to discuss potential training requirements for your project team
members so that they can appreciate the benefits of risk management.
4. Escalate to your management that some of your team members do not agree with your risk management practices.
Justification: Project Risk Management should be an agenda item at periodic status meetings. The amount of time
required for that item will vary, depending upon the risks that have been identified, their priority, and difficulty of
response.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: There is no need to spend a fixed amount of time in all the status meetings to discuss risk
management issues.
Option 1: This states that the team should be aware of `all` risks at `all` times. This may not be possible because
some risks are not identified or may be prioritized lower (hence, place them in a watchlist).
Option 3: This assumes that the team does not know about importance of risk management which is not accurate.
Option 4: This talks about escalating a project issue to senior management, which is not advisable in this context.
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: You are in the Identify Risks process of your project where you determine which risks may affect the
project and document their characteristics. Who would you want to be a part of the Identify Risks process?
1. The project manager, project team members, subject matter experts, and customers
2. The risk management team, end users, and risk management experts
3. All relevant stakeholders
4. Positively impacted stakeholders
Justification: Participants in risk identification activities may include the following: project manager, project team
members, risk management team (if assigned), customers, subject matter experts from outside the project team, end
users, other project managers, stakeholders, and risk management experts. While these personnel are often key
participants for risk identification, all project personnel should be encouraged to identify potential risks.
Reference: PMBOK®

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Correct Answer: # 1
Question: In your project, which of the following facilitates the Control Risks process?
1. Reserve analysis
2. Analytical techniques
3. SWOT analysis
4. Assumptions analysis
Justification: Reserve analysis is a tool used during the Control Risks process.
Reference: PMBOK®
Option 2: Analytical techniques is used in the Plan Risk Management process
Option 3: SWOT analysis is used in the Identify Risks process
Option 4: Assumptions analysis is also used in the Identify Risks process.
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: In the Identify Risks phase, you are working with your team to determine which risks may affect project
performance. Which of the following information gathering techniques can you use to facilitate the process?
1. Brainstorming, cause and effect diagrams, and P&I Matrix
2. Delphi technique, SWOT analysis, and risk audits
3. SWOT analysis, Decision tree, and influence diagrams
4. Brainstorming, Delphi technique, and root cause analysis
Justification: Brainstorming, Delphi technique, interviewing, and root cause analysis are the information gathering
techniques used in the Identify Risks process.
Reference: PMBOK®
Option 1: Cause and effect diagrams are a type of diagramming technique (not information gathering). The P & I
Matrix is used in the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process.
Option 2: SWOT is not an Information Gathering technique. Risk audits are used to control risks.
Option 3: Decision Trees are used in the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process. Influence diagrams are a type
of diagramming technique.
Correct Answer: # 2

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Question: You are the project manager of a software company developing a new banking software product. You
would like to obtain information from various experts about the risks associated with your project. You decide to use
the Delphi technique because this keeps any one person from having undue influence on the outcome of the Identify
Risks process. The Delphi technique also has the added advantage that it:
1. Finds out a problem, discovers the reasons that led to it, and develops preventive actions.
2. Helps reduce bias in the data.
3. Examines the project from each of the SWOT perspectives to increase the breadth of the identified risks.
4. Provides a qualitative assessment of risk.
Justification: The Delphi technique helps reduce bias in the data and keeps any one person from having undue
influence on the outcome.
Reference: PMBOK®
Option 1: This is an advantage of "Root cause analysis" technique.
Option 3: This is an advantage of "SWOT analysis".
Option 4: This is not valid in the Identify Risks process (where the Delphi technique is used). It happens in the
Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process.
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: As part of Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process, you, as a project manager, have already done a
sensitivity analysis, created decision trees and done a project simulation using Monte Carlo technique. However,
when you show your results to your manager, she is not happy. She thinks that your analysis is not acceptable
because:
1. Monte Carlo simulations are not a standard methodology used in the company for risk quantification.
2. The quantitative value of identified risks is too high.
3. You have not performed risk audits as part of your project.
4. You have not conducted an interview with the project stakeholders and subject matter experts.
Justification: Interviewing techniques draw on experience and historical data to quantify the probability and impact
of risks on project objectives. The information needed depends upon the type of probability distributions that will be
used... Documenting the rationale of the risk ranges and the assumptions behind them are important components of
the risk interview because they can provide insight on the reliability and credibility of the analysis.
Reference: PMBOK®

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Option 1: This may or may not be true. There is nothing in the question which suggests that Monte Carlo Analysis
should not be used and this is a standard tool for the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process.
Option 2: A high quantitative value of risks does not render the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process
unacceptable.
Option 3: This refers to a tool and technique in the Control Risks (not the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis)
process.
Option 4: This is the correct answer. Since a risk interview was not conducted, the results of the Perform Quantitative
Risk Analysis process will not be dependable.
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: Please refer to the Decision Tree given below which shows the analysis of profit/loss for the two
alternatives (i.e., build or buy).
Which, out of the two alternatives of build or buy,
should the project manager recommend?
1. Build
2. Buy
3. Either build or buy
4. Sensitivity analysis before making a build/buy decision
Justification: The project manager should recommend build because the expected value is higher for this
alternative.

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Correct Answer: # 2
Question: In Plan Risk Responses process, you are developing options and actions to reduce threats to your
project`s objectives. When you show the results to your project sponsor, she is not comfortable with the risks in the
project and suggests that the project scope should be decreased. This is an example of:
1. Risk acceptance
2. Risk avoidance
3. Risk mitigation
4. Risk transfer
Justification: Risk avoidance involves changing the project management plan to eliminate the threat entirely. The
project manager may also isolate the project objectives from the risk`s impact or change the objective that is in
jeopardy. Examples of this include extending the schedule, changing the strategy, or reducing scope.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: Even after carefully performing risk management for the project, you realize that possibility of new risks
occurring in the future still exists. You will be able to handle such risks if you perform:

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2. Identify Risks
3. Control Risks
4. Plan Risk Responses
Justification: Control Risks is the process of implementing risk response plans, tracking identified risks, monitoring
residual risks, identifying new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: In managing risks for your project, you examine the extent to which the uncertainty of each project
element affects the objective being examined when all other uncertain elements are held at baseline values. This
helps to:
1. Get a qualitative analysis of the risk.
2. Determine which risks may have impact on the project.
3. Translate the uncertainties at a detailed level into potential impact on objectives expressed at the level of the total project.
4. Determine the implication of choosing one alternative over the other.
Justification: Sensitivity analysis helps to determine which risks have the most potential impact on the project. It
helps to understand how the variations in project`s objectives correlate with variations in different uncertainties.
Conversely, it examines the extent to which the uncertainty of each project element affects the objective being
studied when all other uncertain elements are held at their baseline values.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: Plan Risk Responses is the process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and to
reduce threats to project objectives. The output of Plan Risk Responses process may be:
1. Expert judgment
2. Project management plan updates

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3. Risk management plan
4. Risk register
Justification: Project documents updates and project management plan updates are outputs of Plan Risk
Responses process.
Reference: PMBOK®
Option 1: This is a technique used in the Identify Risks, Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis, Perform Qualitative Risk
Analysis, and Plan Risk Responses processes.
Option 3: This is an output of the Plan Risk Management process.
Option 4: This is an output of the Identify Risks process.
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: In your new project the objective is to develop a new drug. After doing financial analysis, your finance
manager provided you with these statistics:
30% probability of success with benefits of $700,000
70% probability of failure with loss of $300,000
Based on this information, you:
1. Suggest that the project should proceed.
2. Suggest that the project should be stopped.
3. Communicate to your senior management that you cannot take a decision whether to proceed with the project or not.
4. Start working on the project and ask your finance manager for additional information.
Justification: Expected Value of the project
= Expected Value of success (0.30 x $700,000) + Expected value of Failure [0.70 x (- $300,000)]
= $210,000 - $210,000
= 0
Since the Expected Value is "0", you cannot take a decision whether to continue with the project or not.
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: In your project, you have just conducted a risk data quality assessment to evaluate the degree to which
the data about risks is useful for risk management. What is your next step?
1. Perform a structured review of project plans and assumptions, both at the total project and detailed scope levels.
2. Develop checklists to identify risks based on historical information and knowledge that has been accumulated from previous similar

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projects.
3. Conduct planning meetings to develop the risk management plan.
4. Conduct interviews to quantify the probability and impact of risks on project activities.
Justification: Risk data quality assessment is a tool for Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis.
Option 4: This is the correct answer. It refers to "Interviewing" which is a tool and technique for Perform Quantitative
Risk Analysis. Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis is conducted after Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis.
Option 1: This refers to Documentation Reviews which is a tool for Identify Risks. Identify Risks is conducted before
Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis.
Option 2: This refers to Checklist Analysis which is a tool for Identify Risks. Identify Risks is conducted before
Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis.
Option 3: This refers to "Meetings" which is a tool for Plan Risk Management process. Plan Risk Management
process is conducted before Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process.
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: You are evaluating the probabilities of risks and costs or rewards for each logical path of events and
future decisions. You create a diagram that describes a decision under consideration and the implications of choosing
one or another of the available alternatives. The diagram you have created can be referred to as:
1. Simulation diagram
2. Fishbone diagram
3. Decision tree
4. Influence diagram
Justification: Decision tree analysis. A diagramming and calculation technique for evaluating the implications of a
chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: In your project, you have created a list of identified risks and potential responses. You should document
this information in the:

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2. Risk database
3. Project plan
4. Risk register
Justification: The risk register is a document in which the results of risk analysis and risk response planning are
recorded.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: In your project, the risk calculations show that there is a risk of overrunning the project scope and
schedule targets to levels that are beyond the threshold limits determined in the project. To bring the level of risk to a
level acceptable to your organization, you should:
1. Consider using contingency reserves
2. Decrease the project scope and increase the project schedule
3. Talk with your sponsor about cancelling the project
4. Do additional risk response planning
Justification: Contingency reserves are needed to bring the risk of overrunning stated project objectives to a level
acceptable to the organization.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: As a project manager, you are creating a risk management plan to describe how risk management will
be structured and performed on the project. Which of the following would the risk management plan not include?
1. Budgeting
2. Methodology
3. Trigger condition
4. Risk categories
Justification: Trigger condition is an event or situation that indicates that a risk is about to occur.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: Please note that trigger conditions are not discovered in the Plan Risk Management
process and are not included in the risk management plan. All the other options are included in the risk management
plan (PMBOK®
Guide - Fifth Edition, pages 316 and 317).

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Correct Answer: # 2
Question: Project Risk Management helps in maximizing the likelihood and impact of positive events, and
minimizing the likelihood and impact of negative events in the project. In this context, Plan Risk Responses process:
1. Helps in defining how to conduct the risk management activities
2. Develops procedures and techniques to enhance opportunities and to reduce threats to project objectives
3. Determines which risks may affect the project and documents their characteristics
4. Monitors residual risks, identifies new risks, and evaluates risk process effectiveness
Justification: Plan Risk Responses is the process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and
to reduce threats to project objectives.
Reference: PMBOK®
Option 1: This defines the Plan Risk Management process.
Option 3: This defines the Identify Risks process.
Option 4: This defines the Control Risks process.
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: If there is a fire, the risk response plan developed is to use a fire extinguisher. If the fire extinguisher
cannot take care of the fire, you call in a fire engine – calling in the fire engine is an example of:
1. Secondary risk
2. Residual risk
3. Fallback Plan
4. Work around
Justification: Several risk response strategies are available… A fallback plan can be developed for
implementation if the selected strategy turns out not to be fully effective or if an accepted risk occurs.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 1

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Question: You have created an Excel spreadsheet that shows cumulative cost at any particular point of time in the
project duration. Your director wants to review the project costs and you decide to make a presentation. Cumulative
costs plotted against time is shown in the slide as a:
1. S-curve
2. Histogram
3. Control chart
4. Pareto diagram
Justification: S-curve is a graphic display of cumulative costs, labor hours, percentage of work, or other quantities,
plotted against time. The name derives from the S-like shape of the curve.
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: Utility function is a commonly used technique to determine risk tolerance levels. Some project managers
are more averse to risk than others. Which of the following is NOT a commonly used classification for risk tolerance?
1. Risk averter
2. Risk seeker
3. Risk mitigator
4. Neutral risk taker
Justification: The three commonly used classifications for risk tolerance are risk averter or avoider, risk taker or
seeker and the neutral risk taker (risk averse, risk seeking, risk neutral).

23
Reference: Project Management - A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling and Controlling, page 746
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: The Plan Risk Responses process helps the project manager to develop options and actions to enhance
opportunities and to reduce threats to project objectives. The output from the Plan Risk Responses is updates to the
risk register, which should be:
1. At the level of detail of work packages in the WBS
2. At the level of detail whereby actions can be taken
3. Able to identify and document residual risks and secondary risks
4. Used for periodic risk reviews to identify risk ratings and prioritization
Justification: The risk register should be written to a level of detail that corresponds with the priority ranking and
the planned response. Often, the high and moderate risks are addressed in detail.
Reference: PMBOK®

24
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: In your project, you are about to complete the Plan Risk Responses process. Completion of certain
tasks marks the end of the process. Which one of the following is NOT that task?
1. People have been identified to take responsibility for each agreed-to and funded risk response.
2. High priority risks are addressed in detail in the risk register.
3. Low priority risks are included in the risk mitigation plan if they occur.
4. Negative risks have been considered for avoidance, transference or mitigation.
Justification: Risks judged to be of low priority are included in a watch list for periodic monitoring.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: Your company is a pioneer in the construction industry. The government recently floated a tender for
setting up a new airport. Since you do not have all the requisite skills within the company, you enter into a joint
venture with a leading airport construction company to bid jointly for the government contract. This is an example of:
1. Risk exploitation
2. Risk sharing
3. Risk enhancing
4. Risk mitigating
Justification: Strategies for positive risks or opportunities (share): Sharing a positive risk involves allocating some
or all of the ownership of the opportunity to a third party who is best able to capture the opportunity for the benefit of
the project. Examples of sharing actions include forming risk-sharing partnerships, teams, special-purpose
companies, or joint ventures, which can be established with the express purpose of taking advantage of the
opportunity so that all parties gain from their actions.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: Probability distributions are popular tools of the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process. In this
context, which of the following statements on probability distributions is not accurate?
1. Beta Distribution is a continuous distribution.
2. Triangular distribution is a discrete distribution.
3. Discrete distributions can be used to represent uncertain events such as a possible scenario in a decision tree.

25
4. Uniform distributions can be used only if there is no obvious value that is more likely than any other between specified high and low
bounds.
Justification: Beta distribution and Triangular distribution are two examples of widely used continuous
distributions.
Reference: PMBOK®
Guide - Fifth Edition, page 337, figure 11-14
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: In your project, you have completed the Identify Risks process to determine which risks may affect the
project, and a risk register has been prepared. What should you do NEXT?
1. Risk probability and impact assessment
2. Avoid, transfer or mitigate negative risks
3. Exploit, share or enhance opportunities
4. Risk audits
Justification: After the Identify Risks process, the next step is the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process. Risk
probability and impact assessment is one of the tools and techniques for the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
process.
Reference: PMBOK®
Option 2 (Avoiding, transferring or mitigating negative risks) is done during the Plan Risk Responses process, which
happens after the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis and the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis processes.
Option 3 (Exploiting, sharing or enhancing opportunities) is done during the Plan Risk Responses process, which
happens after the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis and the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis processes.
Option 4 (Risk audits) is a tool for the Control Risks process, which happens after the Perform Qualitative Risk
Analysis, the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis and the Plan Risk Responses processes.

26
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: In your project, you identified disaster situations (e.g. floods, earthquakes, etc.) as potential risks. The
project sponsor suggested that, at the project level, no steps could be taken to deal with such risks and
recommended creation of a contingency reserve (with 5% of the project budget) which could be used in case of
disaster situations. This is an example of:
1. Risk mitigation
2. Risk acceptance
3. Risk avoidance
4. Bad policy decision
Justification: Accept: Risk acceptance is a risk response strategy whereby the project team decides to
acknowledge the risk and not take any action unless the risk occurs. This strategy is adopted where it is not possible
or cost-effective to address a specific risk in any other way. This strategy indicates that the project team has decided
not to change the project management plan to deal with a risk, or is unable to identify any other suitable response
strategy... The most common active acceptance strategy is to establish a contingency reserve, including amounts of
time, money, or resources to handle the risks.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: While doing a cost-benefit analysis, you determine that a new project has 60% probability of earning a
profit of $1,000,000 or 30% probability of incurring a loss of $500,000. What is the expected monetary value of the
decision?
1. $400,000
2. $600,000
3. $450,000
4. $200,000
Justification: Expected monetary value (EMV) analysis is a statistical concept that calculates the average
outcome when the future includes scenarios that may or may not happen (i.e. analysis under uncertainty). The EMV
of opportunities are generally expressed as positive values, while those of threats are expressed as negative values...
EMV for a project is calculated by multiplying the value of each possible outcome by its probability of occurrence and
adding the products together.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com notes:
Expected Monetary Value (EMV)
= Sum of (Probability x Impact) of individual decisions
= 0.60 x $1,000,000 – 0.30 x $500,000
= $600,000 - $150,000
= $450,000.

27
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: You work for a company which executes heavy engineering contracts. While performing risk response
planning for your project, you determine a risk that there is a "Possibility of getting new orders in the future which are
beyond the current capacity of our production facilities." What should you do?
1. Classify this as a threat and create workaround plans.
2. Classify this as strength and create a fallback plan.
3. Classify this as a weakness and transfer it to another company.
4. Classify this as an opportunity and exploit the opportunity.
Justification: Strategies for positive risks or opportunities are... exploit, share, enhance, and accept.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: "Possibility of getting new orders in the future" refers to a positive event: so, this is a
positive risk. This can also be called an opportunity because the projects are not internal to the company but got from
other providers. So, option 4 is the best choice which talks about classifying this as an opportunity and exploiting it.
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: Being a diligent project manager, you understand the importance of identifying all project risks which
can then be prioritized using the Perform Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis. In this context, which of the
following tools and techniques can be used for the Identify Risks process?
1. Documentation reviews, brainstorming, root cause analysis, and checklist analysis
2. Assumptions analysis, risk probability and impact assessment, interviewing, and Delphi technique
3. Expected monetary value, root cause analysis, influence diagrams, and documentation reviews
4. Contingent response strategies, assumptions analysis, influence diagrams, and Delphi technique
Justification: Option 1: This is the correct answer as it has all the tools and techniques which are used for the
Identify Risks process.
Option 2: Risk probability and impact assessment – this is used for the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process.
Option 3: Expected monetary value – this is used for the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process.
Option 4: Contingent response strategies – this is used in the Plan Risk Responses process.
Reference: PMBOK®

28
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: Careful and explicit risk management planning ensures possibility of success of the other risk
management processes. In this context, you use sensitivity analysis to:
1. Determine which risks may affect the project
2. Determine which risks have the most potential impact on the project
3. Define how risk management processes will be performed
4. Define how to conduct risk management activities for a project
Justification: Sensitivity analysis helps to determine which risks have the most potential impact on the project.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: Sensitivity analysis is a tool and technique for the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: In the recent status meeting, you discover that your project has a 65 percent chance of making a USD
100,000 profit and a 35 percent chance of incurring a USD 100,000 loss. What is the expected monetary value for the
project?
1. USD 100,000 profit
2. USD 100,000 loss
3. USD 30,000 profit
4. USD 30,000 loss
Justification: Expected monetary value is calculated by the formula EMV = Probability x Impact.
0.65 x 100,000 = 65,000
0.35 x 100,000 = 35,000
EMV = 65,000 – 35,000 = 30,000

29
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: As a project manager, you would identify risks in which of the following processes?
1. Identify Risks
2. Plan Risk Management and Identify Risks
3. Identify Risks and Control Risks
4. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis and Control Risks
Justification: Identify Risks is the process of determining which risks may affect the project and documenting their
characteristics. Control Risks is the process of implementing risk response plans, tracking identified risks, monitoring
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: You are the project manager for a new software development project. A previously unidentified risk is
discovered when the project is nearing completion. You realize that this risk may adversely impact the project`s
overall ability to deliver. As a project manager, what step do you take FIRST?
1. Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
2. Inform the project sponsor and the stakeholders about the potential impact of the risk on the project
4. Mitigate the risk to reduce its impact
Justification: Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis is the process of priortizing risks for further analysis or action by
assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact. The key benefit of this process is that it enables
project managers to reduce the level of uncertainty and to focus on high-priority risks.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: Since this risk "may" adversely impact the project`s overall ability to deliver, you should
perform Project Qualitative Risk Analysis to determine the probability and impact of the risk.

30
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: You are the project manager for the construction of a shopping mall. As the location is prone to
earthquakes, you plan to construct a building that is resistant to earthquakes. This is an example of:
1. Risk mitigation
2. Risk transfer
3. Risk avoidance
4. Risk acceptance
Justification: Risk mitigation implies a reduction in the probability and/or impact of an adverse risk to be within
acceptable threshold limits.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: Just as prevention is better than cure, early action is more effective than trying to repair the
damage after the risk has occurred.
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: You are a project manager and have just discovered a risk in your project that requires an immediate
corrective action. During which Project Risk Management Process is this action performed?
2. Identify Risks
4. Control Risks
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: This process helps in meeting the unexpected risks which require immediate corrective
action.

31
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: You are the project manager in an IT consultancy firm which does projects for other companies. Based
on your interaction with senior management of other companies, you classify your clients into categories like Risk
Averse, Risk Neutral and Risk Seeking. You are using:
1. Risk Management Planning
2. Utility theory
3. Risk identification
4. Risk categorization
Justification: Utility Function (Utility Theory): This is used to measure stakeholder risk tolerance and defines the
level or willingness to accept a risk. The three categories of utility theory are Risk Averse, Risk Neutral, and Risk
Seeking.
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: In the Plan Risk Management process, you define how to conduct risk management activities for a
project because careful and explicit planning enhances the probability of success for the subsequent risk
management processes. In this context, what will you NOT do when you Plan Risk Management?
1. Identify Risks
2. Establish an agreed-upon basis for evaluating risk
3. Ensure that the degree, type, and visibility of risk management are commensurate with both the risks and the importance of the project
4. Provide sufficient resources and time for risk management activities
Justification: The key benefit of the Plan Risk Management process is it ensures that the degree, type, and
visibility of risk management are commensurate with both the risks and the importance of the project to the
organization...Planning is also important to provide sufficient resources and time for risk management activities, and
to establish an agreed-upon basis for evaluating risks.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: Risk identification (the Identify Risk process) is not done during the Plan Risk Management
process.
Correct Answer: # 4

32
Question: When talking to the stakeholders to identify risk, you usually start with general or high level questions
and then get into specific or particular questions. This is also called:
1. Risk categorization
2. Nominal group technique
3. Delphi technique
4. Funnel analysis
Justification: Funnel Analysis: A type of interviewing technique by which we start with general or high level
questions and then get into specific or particular questions.
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: In your project, you want to determine which risks have the most potential impact on the project. So, you
examine the extent to which the uncertainty of each project element affects the objective being examined when all
other uncertain elements are held at their baseline values. This is an example of:
1. Risk response planning
2. Expected monetary value analysis
3. Sensitivity analysis
4. Simulation
studied when all other uncertain elements are held at their baseline values.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: You are a retail company which routinely buys goods from foreign countries. Since currency fluctuation
is an important risk, you keep all other factors constant and try to find out how much your project will be impacted if
the currency rate fluctuates by 5%, 10%, 20% or 25%. This helps you determine appropriate risk response. This can
also be effectively shown using:

33
1. Beta probability distributions
2. Expected monetary value analysis
3. Tornado diagram
4. Simulation
studied when all other uncertain elements are held at their baseline values. One typical display of sensitivity analysis
is the tornado diagram, which is useful for comparing relative importance and impact of variables that have a high
degree of uncertainty to those that are more stable.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: Since all other factors are kept at baseline values and only one element (i.e. currency rate)
is changed, we are using Sensitivity Analysis. This can be shown using a Tornado diagram.
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: You are the project manager at an aircraft manufacturing company, where you use a wind tunnel to test
how changes in different parameters like wind speed, temperature, humidity, etc. will impact the flight parameters of a
prototype aeroplane. So, the project model is computed many times (iterated), with the input values chosen at
random for each iteration from the probability distributions of these variables. The technique used is:
1. Monte Carlo simulation
2. Expected monetary value
3. Sensitivity analysis
4. Probability distributions
Justification: A project simulation uses a model that translates the specified detailed uncertainties of the project
into their potential impact on project objectives. Simulations are typically performed using the Monte Carlo technique.
In a simulation, the project model is computed many times (iterated), with the input values (e.g., cost estimates or
activity durations) chosen at random for each iteration from the probability distributions of these variables.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: In your project, you want to extend the project schedule to reduce the threat that your project may not
get the resources in time to complete the project. This is an example of:
1. Develop Schedule
2. Avoid risk
3. Mitigate risk

34
4. Secondary risk
Justification: Avoid. Risk avoidance involves changing the project management plan to eliminate the threat
entirely. The project manager may also isolate the project objectives from the risk’s impact or change the objective
that is in jeopardy. Examples of this include extending the schedule, changing the strategy, or reducing scope.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: When doing risk response planning, you have come to know that the project involves use of new
technology which is not tested properly. The risk is so high that your sponsor decides to terminate the project. This
management decision to terminate the project is an example of:
1. Terminate risk
2. Avoid risk
3. Mitigate risk
4. Close Project
Justification: Avoid. Risk avoidance involves changing the project management plan to eliminate the threat
entirely… The most radical avoidance strategy is to shut down the project entirely.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: When your company buys computers from Dell, you also pay extra for a three year warranty which
ensures that any manufacturing defects will be taken care of by Dell. The risk response strategy used is:
1. Exploit
2. Avoid
3. Mitigate
4. Transfer
Justification: Transfer. Risk transference is a risk response strategy whereby the project team shifts the impact of
a threat to a third party, together with ownership of the response… Transference tools can be quite diverse and
include, but are not limited to, the use of insurance, performance bonds, warranties, guarantees, etc.
Reference: PMBOK®

35
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: Your project team has decided not to change the project management plan to deal with a risk. This is an
example of:
1. Contingent response
2. Avoid
3. Fallback plan
4. Accept
Justification: Accept. Risk acceptance is a risk response strategy whereby the project team decides to
acknowledge the risk and not take any action unless the risk occurs...This strategy indicates that the project team has
decided not to change the project management plan to deal with a risk, or is unable to identify any other suitable
response strategy.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: If you create a contingency reserve to manage risks in your project, this can be referred to as:
1. Avoidance
2. Passive acceptance
3. Active acceptance
4. Mitigation
Justification: Passive acceptance requires no action except to document the strategy, leaving the project team to
deal with the risks as they occur, and to periodically review the threat to ensure that it does not change significantly.
The most common active acceptance strategy is to establish a contingency reserve, including amounts of time,
money, or resources to handle the risks.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 2

36
Question: In your project, which of the following strategies would you not use as a response to opportunities?
1. Exploit
2. Mitigate
3. Share
4. Accept
Justification: Strategies for positive risks or opportunities: Three of the four responses are suggested to deal with
risks with potentially positive impacts on project objectives. The fourth strategy, accept, can be used for negative risks
or threats as well as positive risks or opportunities. These...are exploit, share, enhance, and accept.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: In your project, you implemented a risk response and hired an additional skilled technical resource that
can help in testing your application. However, you are worried that the technical resource may leave - this new risk
can also be called:
1. Secondary risk
2. Acceptance risk
3. Fallback Plan
4. Workaround
Justification: Secondary Risk. A risk that arises as a direct result of implementing a risk response.
Reference: PMBOK®
PMstudy.com comments: After implementing your risk response (i.e. hiring an additional resource), a new risk arises
(i.e. the hired resource may leave). This is an example of Secondary risk
Correct Answer: # 2
Question: A risk that remains after risk responses have been implemented is referred to as:
1. Secondary risk
2. Residual risk
3. Fallback Plan
4. Accepted risk
Justification: Residual Risk. A risk that remains after risk responses have been implemented.

37
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: In your project, you should handle "known unknown" risks through:
1. Risk Mitigation
2. Risk Avoidance
3. Risk Response Planning
4. Risk Acceptance
Justification: Known risks are called "known unknowns" – handled by risk response plans and unknown risks are
called "unknown unknowns" – handled by reserves.
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: The process of implementing risk response plans, tracking identified risks, monitoring residual risks,
identifying new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project is done through:
1. Identify Risk
3. Control Risks
4. Constantly evaluate risk
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: In your project, you want to examine and document the effectiveness of risk responses in dealing with
identified risks and their root causes, as well as the effectiveness of the risk management process. The tool you
should use is:

38
1. Risk reassessment
2. Variance Analysis
3. Technical performance measurement
4. Risk Audit
Justification: Risk audits examine and document the effectiveness of risk responses in dealing with identified risks
and their root causes, as well as the effectiveness of the risk management process. The project manager is
responsible for ensuring that risk audits are performed at an appropriate frequency, as defined in the project’s risk
management plan.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 1
Question: During Monitoring and Controlling phase of your project, you conduct regular meetings with your team to
identify new risks, reassess current risks and close outdated risks. This is done through:
1. Risk reassessment
2. Variance Analysis
3. Technical performance measurement
4. Risk Audit
Justification: Risk Reassessment. Control Risks often results in identification of new risks, reassessment of
current risks, and the closing of risks that are outdated. Project risk reassessments should be regularly scheduled.
The amount and detail of repetition that are appropriate depends on how the project progresses relative to its
objectives.
Reference: PMBOK®
Correct Answer: # 3
Question: You are the project manager for a construction company involved in designing and building state-of-the-
art bridges. Your current project involves designing a new twin-span bridge across a river. In the past 5 years,
residents of the area have witnessed two hurricanes which have caused some destruction to the area, including the
current bridge. You and the team have been charged with designing a hurricane-resistant bridge that will be able to
withstand similar destructive storms. After examining the current bridge, some members of the team expressed that
some of the current structure was actually built very well and it may be worthwhile to keep some parts of it, especially

39
since time is a factor in completing a new bridge. The rest of the team thinks it is better to start anew as residents and
others may not feel confident in its safety and may therefore not use the bridge due to this. City officials had planned
to increase the toll charge for drivers crossing the new bridge, but if the old structure can be partially used, then they
might be able to keep the toll the same as it was before. After some in-depth cost reviews, the team has come up
with the following data to help with their decision making:
Brand new structure:
• Investment = $5M
• 0.60 probability bridge regularly used; $10M toll income
• 0.40 probability bridge not regularly used; $3M toll income for next 20 years
Existing structure:
• Investment = $3M
• 0.50 probability bridge regularly used; $8M toll income
• 0.50 probability bridge not regularly used; $2M toll income for next 20 years
Which structure, should the city and team move forward with and what would be the decision EMV?
1. New, $4.8M
2. Existing, $2.2M
3. New, $2.2M
4. Existing, $3M
Justification: The best decision would be to go with a brand new structure per the decision tree below. Keep in
mind that the initial investment needs to be deducted prior to EMV calculations.
Correct Answer: # 4
Question: You and your team have just finished prioritizing the risks on your project for further review and analysis.
In this process you calculated Probability and Impact values which you used to do this prioritization. You will use this
prioritized list of risks to determine the need for further analysis. Your sponsor is concerned about the number of risks
identified and wants to ensure that all risk-related assessments are well documented. Which of the following is an
output from this process?
1. Risk register
2. Risk probability and impact assessment
4. Risk Register updates
Justification: The team is currently in the process of Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis. The output of this process
is Risk register updates. All of the information gathered during this process, such as probability and impact values
and risk-related assessment information is documented and added to the existing risk register.

40
Option 1: Risk register is an output of the Identify Risks process. Here the risk register has limited information such as
the risk itself and some basic characteristics.
Option 2: Risk P & I assessment is a tool of the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process; it is not an output.
Option 3: Risk management plan is an output of the Plan Risk Management process.

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