This document provides an overview of total quality management (TQM) and pharmacy total quality management (PTTQM). It discusses the historical development of TQM from the 1950s to the present day. It also outlines the roles and entry/training requirements for pharmacy technicians and assistants in the UK National Health Service and discusses some quality approaches, tools, standards, and associations related to TQM and PTQM.

1. PTTQM
‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬Objectives & T – L Plan
171430620093
-
-
-
-
-
•Understand each other
•‫عععععع‬Course Objective in this T & L Plan
•Why PTTQM?
1-2
•TQM Historical Progress
-
””
3-6
= •TQM Approaches; Tools & Technologies 7-9
= •TQM & PTQM Systems; Standards & Associations
-PTQM Standards; Systems & Association:
Standards of Care in Community Pharmacy
ISO
10-12
= •Benefits of TQM SSA
•
‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬
13-15

2. PTTQM
‫ييييي‬ ‫يييييي‬ ‫ييييي‬
2010PTTQM‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬‫ي‬:(
‫ي‬2005


20081429
 Total Quality Management: Strategies and Techniques Proven at Today's Most Successful Companies (Portable Mba Se
- Hardcover (Feb 1998) by Stephen George and Arnold Weimerskirch
 Medical Quality Management: Theory and Practi…(Paperback) by American College of Medical Quality,
Prathibha Varkey MD
 The Healthcare Quality Book: Vision, Strategy…(Hardcover) by Elizabeth R. Ransom, Maulik S. Joshi
 A History of the Arab Peoples by Albert Hourani 1991
http://www.amazon.com/History-Arab-Peoples-Albert-Hourani/dp/0446393924/ref=cm_lmf_tit_1_rsrsrs0#reader
Pharmacy
 www.astf.net/Uploads/10184/SRO4Prog.xl
 http://www.kau-tqm.com/site/

 http://forum.sqc.org.sa/default.asp
4

3. ‫ااااا‬‫ا‬Why PTTQM?


‫عع‬ ‫ععععع‬ ‫عع‬ ‫عععع‬ ‫عع‬ ‫ععع‬ ‫عع‬ ‫عععع‬
‫ععععععع‬ ‫عع‬ ‫ععععع‬ ‫عع‬ ‫ععععع...عععع‬
‫عععععع‬
‫عععععع‬ ‫ععععععععع‬ ‫ععععععع‬ ‫ععععع‬
‫عععع‬ ‫عععع‬ ‫ععععععععععع‬ ‫عععععع‬ ‫ععع‬
‫ععععع‬ ‫ععع‬
5

4. PTJD: Discover Place of Q TQ?
17143062009 6

5. )PT & PA:
Pharmacy technician NHS, UK
This page describes the role of pharmacy technicians and where they work.
Types of pharmacy technician
 Pharmacy technicians in the NHS work mainly in one of two areas, hospital pharmacy
and community pharmacy although opportunities also exist in other areas such as GP
practices and in primary care trusts. Pharmacy technicians are part of the pharmacy
team and work under the supervision of a pharmacist. They are involved in the supply
of medicines and products to patients. The opportunities for specialization and
increased responsibility extend with experience. There are a number of management,
administration and specialist roles undertaken by pharmacy technicians. Click on the
links in the "Related Information.." section for more information on the work of
hospital and community pharmacy technicians, and pharmacy assistants (who work
with technicians and pharmacists as a part of the pharmacy team).
 Career prospects
In the hospital service, there are several grades for qualified pharmacy technicians. Senior
technicians can specialize in areas such as medicines management, manufacturing, quality
control, staff training, information technology, supplies procurement, clinical trials or medicines
information services. An expanding role is that of clinical technician, which involves working on
wards, liaising with other healthcare professionals and closer contact with patients. A chief
technician is often responsible for managing a section of the pharmacy department.

7

6. 17
 PT Entry requirements:
 There are no minimum entry requirements, although you will usually be expected to have
four GCSEs at Grade C or above, or the equivalent, including English, science and maths. You
will then need to obtain a trainee post either at a hospital or in a community pharmacy.
Some trusts may offer the chance to train through an apprenticeship for pharmacy
technicians. For general information about apprenticeships, please click here
 PT Training programmes and registration:
 To register as a pharmacy technician you need an NVQ level 3 in pharmacy services. The
training involves both practical experience and study at a college or by open learning. It
usually takes two years to complete.
Pharmacy technicians with appropriate qualifications can register with the Royal
Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain*.
Currently, registration is voluntary, but from 1 July 2011, registration will be mandatory and
only pharmacy technicians with acceptable qualifications will be able to join. Eligibility to join
the register will be based on the candidate holding the Pharmacy Services S/NVQ level 3 and
will include a requirement for the training programme to include an accredited underpinning
knowledge programme and completion of work experience in a pharmacy. For a transitional
period, the Society will recognise a range of other pharmacy technician qualifications.
More information about registration is available from the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

7. NHS- UK Pharmacy assistants
 Pharmacy assistants and dispensing assistants work alongside pharmacy technicians and
under the supervision of a registered pharmacist. They work in hospital and community settings.
Staff falling into this category will have a range of roles and responsibilities and therefore different
job titles will apply. In the community sector these will include dispenser, dispensing assistant,
pharmacy assistant and healthcare assistant. Within the hospital sector the titles pharmacy
assistant and assistant technical officer are more commonly used.
 The range of duties is broad and varies depending on the post, but would typically include the
following:
 selecting specific pharmaceutical items from within a store area, according to a list, for
assembly for delivery towards, departments, clinical areas or community sites
 answering queries on supply and availability of medicines, where it is within their competence
 drawing to the attention of clinical pharmacists or pharmacy technicians, problems or queries
raised
 ordering items for use within a department
 receiving, loading, unloading incoming goods from wholesalers, manufacturers and
elsewhere
 delivering pharmaceuticals and other goods to sites within a pharmacy department, and
wards/departments/clinical areas.
9

8. PA with P D & PT Duties:
assisting in the maintenance of reasonable stock levels
 pre-packing, assembling and labelling medications
 aseptic preparation of medicines (preparations of medicines in a very clean environment
using special techniques)
 using dispensary and stores computer systems to generate stock lists and labels
 liaison with appropriate healthcare professionals to ensure the effective use of resources
across the primary/secondary care interface as delegated.
 responding to telephone and face to face enquiries of a routine nature from patients, their
representatives and a wide range of staff groups, either in a pharmacy or in a ward, and refer
appropriate queries to the relevant member of the pharmacy team when necessary.
 Entry requirements
Applicants will usually need to have a good standard of education and some GCSEs at grade C or above (or
equivalent) can be an advantage. Some posts may require specific GCSE grades or (equivalent) - such as A-C in English,
maths and a science subject. Applicants would also usually need: good communication skills; the ability to read and
carry out instructions; pay attention to detail; manual dexterity. Some trusts may offer the chance to train
through an apprenticeship for pharmacy assistants. For general information about apprenticeships, please click
here
Career prospects
 Normally within posts as pharmacy assistants, there is the opportunity to work towards an NVQ
level 2 Qualification in Pharmacy Services. With experience and achievement in relevant
qualifications, it is possible to progress to senior pharmacy assistant roles and onto pharmacy
technicians positions.
17143062009 10

9. Probe Quality
 Quality means:
Excellence; Superiority; Eminence; Value; Worth;
Ideal; ideal way of life…
:
”‫”ييييي‬ ‫ييييي‬ ‫يي‬ ‫يييييي‬ ‫يييييي‬ ‫ييي‬“Total‫ي‬1‫ةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةة‬”
11

10. Reflective Activity 1
17143062009 12
‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬
‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬
‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬ ...
‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬
 Mention one example of good quality and another of poor quality you
faced at any health care center and list the service features and
deficiencies you found.

11. Reflective Questions
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
3143111102010
13

12. Concise
TQM Historical Development
14

13. 17143062009 15
Terms
Tomorrow
Day after
TQM 1992
TQ 1990
JQC Control
Monitor
1987
Improve 1979
JQC to USA JQC
1970
Japan Q Circles
JQC
1962
1950Deming Assurance
Quality
501951
1948
Perform 1900
1900

14. 

)TQI
TQC
TQL
SQC
CTQI
PTTQM & PTQM; PPTQM; PITQM
“(
=====
TQC=
-
16

15. Creation & Humankind
Religions
Hammurabi era
Pre Islamic Greece, Indian, Persian & Roman Civilization‫ععععع‬ ‫ععع‬6‫ع‬
600–1700Islamic Civilization
1800Modern Civilization

16. Historical Overview
(spiritual leaders ) Concise of Quality Gurus
Western Quality Gurus Islamic Quality Gurus
 Philip Crosby, Edwards Deming
and Joseph Juran ( ) have shaped the
dimensions, practices and mechanism which
underpin the concept, but it is noted that none
of these three actually uses theTQM term.
 Feigenbaum and Ishikawa are
the greatest contributors to the development
of the term TQM
 Others; Shigeo Shingo; G Taguchi;
and, recently: Avedis Donabedian
(burn in Beirut 1919, USA, UK, Spain.. MD -
Prof Harvards U., produce huge numbers of
Books, Researches, articles … in Quality of
Health Care
 The Term TQM started to be used in the
mid-1980s and only became a recognized
part of the quality-related language in early
1990s. it became global 1992.

The medical writings of Ibn Sina
(Avicenna) have been explained about
the close of the last century in Monabiliah

Imam Chuck Hagel al-Ghazali, who was
popular educational philosopher (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam_Al-Ghazali)

 Al-Razi, who was a philosopher and a
mathematician as well as a physician.

Ibn- Khaldun: http://www.wikipedia.org/IbnKhaldum
 AL Farabi:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Farabi
Ibn_Rushd: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Rushd&redirect=no
“
18

17. For I once saved one
group by it, while I
intentionally neglected
another group.
By doing that, I
wished to reach a
conclusion .
Al-Rhazi
900AD 1780 1840 1937/48 1967 1970’s
Alvan Feinstein
publishes his book
Clinical Judgement
James Lind
publishes review &
clinical trial in
Treatise on Scurvy
Pierre Louis
Develops his
“numerical method” and
changes blood letting
practice in France
Bradford-Hill
publishes Principles of
Medical Statistics&
MRC trial of streptomycin
New Evidence Nov. 2009
Some milestones in the history of EBM

18. 
{}3(
{}38(.
{}.


19. ‫ي‬ ‫يييييي‬ ‫يييييييي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ييي‬ ‫يييي‬ ‫يييي‬ ‫يييييي‬ ‫يي‬ ‫يييييي‬ ‫ييييييييي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يييييي‬ ‫يييييي‬
‫يييييي‬ ‫ييييي‬‫ييييي‬ ‫يييييي‬ ‫يي‬ ‫يييييي‬ ‫يييي‬ ‫يييي‬ ‫ييييييي‬ ‫يي‬ ‫يي‬ ‫ييييييي‬
“‫يييييي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يييييي‬
2{}.

[}
{}
21

20. 2000") "Valueof every Associate(1960)Quality Circles()Team work(.t
":).

22

21. 23
2005200
:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

22. ‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬‫ع‬
EDWARD DEMING
.

23. 14
1.
2.TQM(-
3.-
4..
5..
6.-
7.-TQM

24. 8.TQM
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.(
14.TQM

25. 1◄
2◄
3◄
4◄
5◄
6◄
7◄
)4(

26. Juran
5=4: (
.
.

)1(
)2(
)3(
:
External Consumer
Internal Consumer

27. Juran
Quality Trilogy
◄5)5:(
1Internal Customers ).
2External Customers ).
3
4
5

28. Juran
◄
:
1
2
3
◄
‫ةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةة‬.

29. ‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬Philip Grosby
1926195219651979‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬1979‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
)Quality is Free‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬20‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ %
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬)Zero Defect(‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬.‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬

‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬,‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬

30. 1
2
3
4.

31. 1-‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
2-‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
3-:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
4-:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
5-:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
6-:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬

32. 7-‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬)Zero Defects(‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ -‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.“
08-‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
9-‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬."
10:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ -
11-‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
12-‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
13-‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
14-‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬:‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةة‬
14(
34

33. Turns Crosby 14 Ps to PTTQM Model
17143062009 35
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
Zero
Defect
s
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬

34. Armand feigenbanm
)‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬TQC1983
‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬)‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬(‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬.
‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬.

35. 
1.
2-.
3.
4.
5-.
6.
7
8-
9-95.
10.

36. Kaoru Ishikawa
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬4-8
:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
1-:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
2-:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
3-:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬

37. 1.)
2.)
3.)‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
4.)
1)
1.)(
2.)(
3.)(
4.)(

38. (1820-1910)Florence Nightingale
(1869-1940)Ernest Codman
outcomes management in patient caremortality & morbidity reviews
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations..
(1910-2000)Avedis Donabedian
Nathan Sinaistructure-process-outcome"
40

39. 
Department of Health Policy and ManagementChief Executive OfficerInstitute for Healthcare
Improvement (IHIrapid cycle improvement"130

health care improvement leadership development HCILDEvaluative Clinical SciencesErnest
BreechDepartment of Health Care Quality Improvement Education and Research at the Henry
Ford Health Sciences Center

 Intermountain Healthcare's Institute
41

41. ‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬TQM‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬:
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬" :‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬."
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬TQM" :‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬."


‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬)CrosbyTQM‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬1992”‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬.‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬

42. ‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ ‫ةة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ةة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
.‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
TQM)‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬/
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.(
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬”‫بب‬ ‫ببب‬ ‫بببب‬ ‫بببببببب‬ ‫ببببب‬
‫بببببب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫بببببب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ببب‬ ‫بب‬ ‫بب‬
‫بببببب‬ ‫ببببب‬ ‫ببب‬ ‫بب‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ب‬
‫بببببب‬ ‫ببببب‬ ‫بببببب‬
‫ببببببب‬“‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬/Quality Culture.

43. TQM
1.
2.
3..


‫ةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬
‫ةةةةةة‬
‫ةةةةةةة‬

44. ‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬

45. ‫ةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬
‫ةةةةةة‬TQM
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬PTTQM
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬TQM‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ –‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ –‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ =

46. ‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬PTTQM
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬PTTQM
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬TQM‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ –‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ –‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ =

47. TQM Objectives & Benefits
‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬
‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬‫ةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬ ‫ةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةةة‬
‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬
‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةةةةةة‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬:
1.‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬:‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬‫ب‬.
2.‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬/‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
3.:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
49

48. ‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬1‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫:ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
·‫ة‬ ‫ةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةةةة‬ ‫ةةة‬ ‫ةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةة‬‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةة‬ ‫ةةةة‬
‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةةة‬Vision & Mission
‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةةةة‬ ·
.‫ةةةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬ ‫ةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬
‫ةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬ ‫ةة‬ ·
.‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬
‫ةةة‬ ‫ة‬‫ةةةة‬ ‫ةة‬‫ةةةةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬‫ةة‬ ‫ة‬‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬‫ةةةة‬ ·
..‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةةةةةةةة‬
‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ·
.‫ةةةةةةةة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬2:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ :
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
50

49. ‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬3:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ :
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬4‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ :
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬/‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
.‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ =‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ =‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
51

50. ‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬5:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ :
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬SQCSPC
))automationmechanizationcomputerization‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬/‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬6‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬ :
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬7:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬“
=====
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬/‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬
=====
52

51. Most Common Management Theories & The Place of TQM
Classic
Scientific-Pragmatic
Totalitarianism DictatorshipAuthoritarianism
Bureaucracy
Autocracy Autocratic
Humanitarian
DemocracyLiberal
53

52. 54
HEALTH CARE TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
HCTQM PCTQM

53. ،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،..
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،)،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،)19881988((
‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،.”.”،،،،،،،،،،)،،،،،،،،،،)19801980((
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
) ."،،،،،،،،،،،،،،) ."،،،،،،،،،،،،،،(،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،(،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
””“،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،“،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
Do Right Dietitian First Time, Every Time & ForeverDo Right Dietitian First Time, Every Time & Forever

54. ،،،،،، ،،،،، ،،،،،،،،،،، ،،،،، ،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
1،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، .
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
2،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، .
.،،،،،،،،،،،،
3،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، .
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
4:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، ،،،، .
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،، ...،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،

55. 5،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، .
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
6،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، .
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
7،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، .
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
8)،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، .‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬(
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
9،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، .
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
10.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،

56. ،،،،،،،،،،، :،،،،،،،،،،،،،)empowerment
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، :،،،،،،،،،،،،،،Belong & Participation،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،Critical Thinking & Creativity,”“
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، :،،،،،،،،،،،،،،OutcomesResults Based M,
:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،,،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،

57. Organizations should be aware that there are many different aspects to quality; As being the
most important, has selected 8 major HCTQM Dimensions have being selected:
1،،،،،، ،،،،،، ،،، ،،،،،،، :،،،،،،، ،،،،،،، .
،،،، ،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،
1. Competence – providers have the necessary skills, attitudes and knowledge
2،، ،،،،،،، ،،، ،،،، ،،،، :،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،، .
،،،،،،، ،،،،،
2. Acceptability – meeting clients expectations
3،،،،،، ،،،،،،، ،،،،، ،، ،، ،،، : ،،،،،،،، .
،،،،،،، ،،،،،،
3. Effectiveness – extent to which intervention achieves desired outcome
4:،،،،،،، .
4. Appropriateness – relevant to client and based on established standards
5،،،،، ،،،،، ، ،،،،،، ،،،،، ،،،،، :،،،،،،، .
،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،، ،،،، ،،،،،، ،،،،،،،
5. Efficiency – cost-effective use of resources
5:،،،،،،،، ،،،،، .،،،،،، ،،،،،، ،، ،،،،،، ،،،،
،،،،،،، ،،،،،، ،، ،،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،
6. Accessibility – service provided at right time, place etc.
6:،،،،،،،،،،، .،،،،،، ،،،،،،، ،، ،،،،،، ،،،، ،،،،، ،،
،،،،، ،،، ،، ،،،،،، ،،، ،،،،،،، ،،،،، ،، ،، ،،،، ،، ،،
،،،،
7. Continuity – uninterrupted coordinated services
8:،،،،،،، .،،،،،، ،،،،،،، ،، ،،،،، ،،،، ،،،،، ،
،،،،،،، ،، ،،، ،،،،، ،،،،، ،،، ،،
8. Safety – risks are avoided or at least minimized to ZD
HCTQM PTQM Dimensions the CcPTTQM

58. HCTQM – the CcPTTQM Dimensions
Appropriateness
Effectiveness
Acceptability
CompetenceSafety
Continuity
Accessibility
Efficiency
Patient/
Client
،،،
،،،،،،
،،،،،،،
،
،،،،،، ،،،،،، ،،،،، ،،،، ،،،، :،،،،، ،،،
،،، ،،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،، ،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،CcPTTQM

59. The CCHCTQM
Client
Process &
Outcomes
Teams Leadership
Quality
Improvement
Know who
we serve
Concentrate
on what we
do to
achieve the
intended
results
Involve
those who
carry out
processes
Encourage,
facilitate,
guide
Keep
making it
better -
continuous
Client-centred Approach
The CCPTTQM
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬:‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬

60. The Client Centered PTTQM - The CcPTTQM Model ?

،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،

-----------
،،،،،،،”،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،Sigerist،،، ”1941،،
:،،،،،
”‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬“
.

61. ‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬Self Health Care19771978Promotion،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،”،،،،،،ZD“،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
The CcPTTQM

62. CcPTTQM:،،،،،، ،،،،،،، ،،، ،،،،،،،، ،،،،
:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
2،،،،،،،،.
،،
1.،،،،،،،
4،،،،،،،.
،،،،،،،
3،،،،،.
،،،، ،،،،، ،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،“،،،،،،،”،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،، ،،، ،،،،،، ،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
C
،،،،،،/،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،?CcPTTQM،،،،،،،،،،،،،5.،،،،،،،،6،،،،،،،.،

63. TQM Approaches; Tools & Technologies
http://store.isixsigma.com/product.asp
65

64. Copyright 2008 Health
Administration Press. All rights
reserved.
66
Seven Basic Quality Tools
Run Chart
Scatter DiagramHistogram
Fishbone Diagram Check Sheet
Pareto Chart Flow Chart

65. ،،،،،، ،،،،، ،،،،،،، ،،،،،Cause & Effect
Diagram:
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،"Ishikawa:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، "
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،، )،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، (،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،.
)Time Chart or Run Chart(
)Process Control Chart(
Fishbone Diagram

66. )Process Control Chart:(
.
،،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،، ،، ،،،،Scatter
Diagrams:
،،،‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،، ،،،،،،Histograms:
،،،،،،، .،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،

67. ،،،،،،،،، ،،،،،،Flowcharts:
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،، ،،،،،Control Charts:
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، .،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،، ،،،،،Checklists:
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، .،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،

68. )Affinity Diagram:(
.
،،،،،، ،،،،، ،، ،،،،Pareto Chart:
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،)،،،،،،،،1848–1923،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، (
)20،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، (%
)80،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، (%
:،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
70
TQM Tools

69. Six SigmaSix Sigma
Two meaningsTwo meanings
 Statistical definition of a process that isStatistical definition of a process that is
99.9997% capable, 3.4 defects per99.9997% capable, 3.4 defects per
million opportunities (DPMO)million opportunities (DPMO)
 A program designed to reduce defects,A program designed to reduce defects,
lower costs, and improve customerlower costs, and improve customer
satisfactionsatisfaction

70. ،،،،،،،،، ،،،،،Six Sigma
(،،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،،)
1.
)Green, 2006.(
CrosbyZero Defects“
2.
:،،،،،،
”‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬3.4“‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
3.43.4DPMO((،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،99.99966.%
72

71. ،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،”Six Sigma Principles
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،)TQM(،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،)Defects(،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
)Delays) (Arthur,2004(.
،،،،،،،،،)Pandeetal.2000(
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
Customer Focus
Data and Facts driven management
Process focus, management and Improvement
Proactive management
Collaboration without bound line
Drive for perfection
====
/،،،،،،*،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، -،،،،،،،،،"،،،،،،،،،، .، :،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،"،،،،،،،2007.، .33-36http://aichouni.tripod.com/m
73

72. ،،،،، ،،،،، ،،،،،
،،،،، ،،،،، ،،،
:،،،،،،،
Lean Six
Sigma
Intuition = Perception; Insight Incremental = Add Value

73. National & International PTTQM Accreditation Standards
75
http://www.sfda.gov.sa/Ar/Drug

74. Accreditation.‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
Accreditation:
.‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬.‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
،،،،،،،،Accreditation
،،،،،،،،Standard

75. ،،،،
،،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،Joint Commission of International
Accreditation (JCIA(،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
)Joint Commission of Accreditation Health Organizations (JCAHO.(
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،20،000،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،JCAHO،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،، .،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
: ،،، ،،،،،،،، ،،،،،،
،،،،،، ،،،،،
،،،،،، ،،،،،، ،،،،،، ،،،، ،،، ،،،،،،،
،،،،،، ،،،،،،،، ،، ،،،،،،،، ،
، ،،،،،، ،، ،،،،، ، ،،،،،، ، ،،،،
،،، ،،،،،، ،،،،،،،، ،، ،،،،،،،،ZD
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،JCIA،،،،،،،،،،1999،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،، .،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
، ،،،،،، ،،،،،، ،،،،، ،،،،،،، ،،،،،،، ،،،،،
“،،،،،، ،،،،،،، ، ،،،،،،،،،

76. ”‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬9001 /2000.‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬)‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬HACCP‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬(CODEX ALIMENTARIUS “‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
:‫نن‬ ‫نننن‬

77. ISO
)ISO: (
‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬International Organization for Standardization‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬90‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬)ISO(‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬"ISOS
"‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬Equal"‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬"
‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬)‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬(‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬)‫م‬).

".‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬/‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
”‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬“.
79

78. Types of International TQ Standardization &
Accreditation
9000،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
:،،،،،، ،، ،،،،،،،،،،9000 ISO
9000/،،،،،،
:،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،،‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬9001ISO 9001/‫م‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬20‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬
:،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،،‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬9002ISO 9002/‫م‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬18.‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ة‬.

79. :،،،،،،، ،،،،،،،،،،،،9003
ISO 9003/،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
:،،،،،،، ،، ،،،،،،،،،،
9004 ISO 9004/:،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
.،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،9003.9002.9001،،،،
،،،،،،،،9004.،،،،،،،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،ISO9000،،،،،،،
،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،ISO 22000
=======
، ...،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،2،،،، :9004...،،، (،،،،/،،)،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،،
Types of International TQ Standardization & Accreditation

80. ISO 22000: 2005 Food Safety Management System … Look
PT/Drugs
 Introduction:- Food reaches consumers via supply chains that may link many different
types of organizations and may stretch across multiple borders. One weak link may
result in unsafe food that is dangerous to health and if this happens, the hazards to
consumers may be serious.
 ISO 22000 is therefore designed to allow all types of organizations within the food
chain to implement a Food Safety Management System. These include:
 feed producers, primary producers, and food manufacturers,
 transport and storage operators and sub contractors,
 retail service outlets,
 producers of equipments, and packaging materials,
 Cleaning agents,
 additives and ingredients.
 ISO 22000 will make it easier for organizations to implement HACCP (Hazard Analysis and
Critical Control Point) system for food hygiene as it incorporates the principles of HACCP.
 Another benefit of ISO 22000 is that it extends the successful management system approach
of ISO 9001:2000 quality management system standard which is widely implemented in all
sectors but does not itself specifically address food safety.
 ISO 22000 can be implemented on its own, it is designed to be fully compatible with ISO
9001:2000. Companies already certified to ISO 9001 will find it easy to extend their
certification to ISO 22000.
82

81. 
JHCI(1997JCR(‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةة‬
‫ةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةةةةةة‬
‫ةةةةةة‬80.‫ةةةةةة‬ ‫ةةة‬ ‫ةةةة‬
JCI(
.
17143062009 83