2. Each element is pure, it has its own
unique type of atom, which is
identified by its atomic number.
(1 – 118)
Everything is made up from these
elements or combinations thereof
3. The smallest particle of an element
is an atom.
The atom is the basic building block
of matter
It usually has no electric charge or
has a neutral charge
The atom is actually mostly empty
space!
4. The atom consists of 3 subatomic
particles that differ in their
location, electrical charge and
relative mass.
▪Proton
▪ Neutron
▪Electron
5. The Proton
Found in the nucleus of the atom.
The largest particle, almost equal
in mass to the Neutron.
It is a positively charged particle
(P+
)
6. The Neutron
Also found in the nucleus.
Almost equal in mass to the
Proton.
It has no charge (N0
) it is NEUTRAL
7. The Electron
Found outside the nucleus in the
”Electron Cloud” and also in the
outermost energy level “The Valence”
Much smaller than the proton or
neutron, having almost no mass.
It is negatively charged (E-
)
9. The outer energy
level electrons for
each type of atom.
Number from 1 – 8.
They create a type
of “shell” around the
atom that allows for
atomic bonding.
10. Isotopes
Atoms of the same element can have
different numbers of neutrons; the
different possible versions of the atom
of an element are called isotopes
Written as a symbol and a number i.e.
C 14 is an isotope of carbon called
Carbon 14
11. Ions
▪Atoms which gain electrons will have
a negative (-) charge and become
negative ions.
▪Atoms which lose electrons will have
a positive (+) charge and become
positive ions.
