Eutrophication is a process where water bodies receive excessive nutrients, such as from fertilizers and sewage, which causes excessive plant growth. This depletes oxygen levels and can kill other organisms. It leads to issues like algal blooms, loss of biodiversity, fish kills, and problems for drinking water. Examples given are the Baltic Sea, where blooms have damaged industries and health, and the Mediterranean Sea, where coastal development contributes to the problem. Solutions include reducing nutrient inputs, filtration, and policies to meet nutrient reduction targets.
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