This document discusses gender sensitivity training and concepts of sex and gender. It defines sex as the biological traits that distinguish males and females, while gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors and attributes ascribed to each sex in a given society. The training aims to promote understanding of gender equality and equity by recognizing the different experiences of both women and men and ensuring equal rights, treatment and sharing of opportunities and resources regardless of sex.

1. GENDER SENSITIVITY TRAINING
MODULE 1: SEX AND
GENDER IDENTITY
MAC PAUL V. ALARIAO, RN, MSN
PANTAWID REGIONAL GAD FOCAL PERSON

2. SUBJECT: WHAT IS MY UNDERSTANDING OF GENDER
AND DEVELOPMENT? OR WHAT COMES
IMMEDIATELY TO MY MIND IF I HEAR GENDER
AND DEVELOPMENT?
SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION

3. SESSION 1:
RELEVANCE OF
GENDER FOR
DEVELOPMENT

4. The rationale for considering gender can be made using
the following statistics:
• Women form 50% of the world’s population.
• Women perform 2/3 of the world’s work.
• Women make up 2/3 of the world’s illiterate
population.
• Women earn 1/10 of the world’s income.
• Women earn less than 1/100 of the world’s property.
• Women constitute 70% of the world’s poor living on
less than $1/per day.
WHY GENDER IS A DEVELOPMENT ISSUE?

5. SESSION 2:
GENDER AND
DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPT

6. SUBJECT: WHAT IS THE MOST OBJECTIONABLE
GENDER ISSUE THAT I HAVE EXPERIENCED AS A
MAN OR A WOMAN?
SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION

8. GENDER SENSITIVITY
 SEEING – women and men, what they
actually do, rather than relying on
assumptions
 HEARING – women and men, their needs,
priorities and perspectives
 COUNTING – the value of women’s work
 RESPECTING – full dignity of women and
men
 CARING – about women and men and
what happen to them

9. GENDER SENSITIVITY
Not a war of the sexes
Not an anti-male stance
Both women and men are victims,
although women are affected more
than men.
In practically ; all cultures, women
have a lower status than men.

10. GENDER SENSITIVITY
 Renaming and reimaging women or
men relationships to bring about
mutuality and partnership.

11. WHAT IS
SEX?
SEX is biologically assigned to an
individual.
SEX refers to the biological and
physiological characteristics that
define men and women
SEX a natural distinguishing variable
based on biological attributes
PHYSICAL – Genitalia, Reproductive
Organs
GENETIC – Chromosomes, Hormones

12. BIOLOGY OF SEX
GENITALIA: PENIS, SCROTUM
INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS: TESTES
CHROMOSOMES: XY
HORMONES:
TESTOSTERONE
GENITALIA: VAGINA,
CLITORIS
INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS: UTERUS,
OVARIES
CHROMOSOMES: XX
HORMONES: ESTROGEN,
PROGESTERONE

13. SEX
refers to the:
TWO CATEGORIES OF
ANIMALS – MALE AND
FEMALE – needed for the act of
mating to result in biological
reproduction.

14. SEX: IN THE REALM OF THE BIOLOGICAL
SEX is a biological term;
• it is often referred to as the act of
mating between two organisms (an act
which is part of the process of
biological reproduction).
• A more technical term for this act is
COITUS.

15. ?
?

16. MALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGAN (PENIS):
BIRD, COCK,
TALONG,
HOTDOG, BURAT,
TARUGO, MANOY

17. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGAN (VAGINA):
FLOWER, MANI,
TAHONG, KEPYAS,
KIKI

18. WHAT IS GENDER?
GENDER refers to
the socially
constructed roles,
behaviours, activities,
and attributes that a
given society
considers appropriate
for men and women.
GENDER is what a
person identifies
himself or herself

19. ANO SA PANGKARANIWAN
ANG GENDER?
ito ay madalas iniuugnay sa
SEX kaya marami ang nalilito
tungkol sa pagkakaiba ng sex
at gender????

20. ANO ANG UGNAYAN NG
SEX AT GENDER?
Sa kalaunan, tinuturing na
ring natural ang mga gender
characteristics…
At dito nagkakaroon
ng PROBLEMA…

21. Gender is not binary; it is a
spectrum.
“Male” and “Female”
are sex categories
“masculine” and
“feminine” are
gender categories

22. GENDER
Gender refers to the
differentiated social roles,
behavior, capacities and
intellectual, emotional, and social
characteristics attributed by a
given culture to women and men.
The term implies the cultural
roles expected of a person.

23. The characteristics attributed to
females are labeled as feminine
and those attributed to males are
labeled as masculine as defined by
a given society.
Hence, gender is a social
construct.

24. • Gender is a variable concept, as its
construction varies across cultures and
over time.
• Definition of masculine and feminine
often vary from one race and culture to
another.
• Variations in gender definitions are due
to specific economic, political, and
social conditions of each class, culture
or era.

25. SEX GENDER
What makes one male
or female
What is masculineor feminine
Biologically-
determined
Socially-determined;
culturally-defined
Refers to physical
characteristics
Refers to learned
behavior

26. SEX GENDER
Constant across time Changes over time
Constant/same
across different
societies and cultures
May vary in different
societies and cultures
Gender differences are created, produced,
reproduced & maintained by social institutions
Gender is multi-dimensional, influencing
economic, political & social interactions
and needs

27. Women give birth to babies, men do not.
SEX GENDER
Little girls are gentle, boys are tough.
In one case, when a child brought up as
a girl learned that he was actually a boy,
his school remarks improved
dramatically.
Amongst Indian Agricultural workers,
women are paid 40 – 60% of the male
wage
Women can breast – feed babies, men
can bottle – feed babiesMost building-site workers in Britain are
men
Men have penis, while women have
vagina
Women have developed uterus
In ancient Egypt, Men stayed at home
and did weaving. Women handled family
business. Women inherited property and
men did not.
Men’s voices break at puberty, women’s
do not.
In one study of 224 cultures, there were
5 in which men did all the cooking and
36 in which women did all the house
building
Male and Female
Feminine and Masculine

28. UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY

29. THE PREMISE FOR GENDER
SENSITIVITY
• It’s not Pitying Women.
• It’s not male bashing.
• It not Anti-male.
• It’s not a war of sexes.
• Both Men and Women are VICTIMS of Gender
Inequality, although the VICTIMS are more often
the women than men.
• Both Men and Women have a stake in the struggle
for gender equality.

30. GENDER EQUALITY
Equality refers to similarity of
treatment as it is legally,
constitutionally and divinely given.
It is a fundamental right.

31. The legal concept of gender equality is
enshrined in the 1948 Universal Declaration of
Human Rights as well as United Nations
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which
was adopted in 1979 and is also known as the
convention on women’s rights. CEDAW, which
has been ratified by 100 countries, states
clearly and unequivocally that discrimination
against women violates the principles of
equality of rights and respect for human
dignity.
Equality refers to similarity of treatment as it is
legally, constitutionally and divinely given and is
a fundamental human right.
The governments of the world reaffirmed their
commitment in 1995 to the equal rights and
inherent human dignity of all women and men in
the Beijing
UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY

32. CEDAW states that discrimination against
women shall mean DISTINCTION,
EXCLUSION, or RESTRICTION made on the
basis of sex which has the purpose of
impairing or nullifying the recognition,
enjoyment or exercise by women,
irrespective of their marital status, on a
basis of equality of men and women, of
human rights and fundamental freedoms in
the political, economic, social, cultural,
civil or any other field..
UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUALITY

33. Equity refers to a fair sharing of
resources, opportunities and
benefits according to a given
framework.
GENDER EQUITY
Equity is often viewed as a favour,
whereas equality is a fundamental
right.

34. Gender equity is concerned with the
promotion of personal, social, cultural,
political, and economic equality for all.
The term gender equity emerged out of a
growing recognition in society of pervasive
gender inequities.
UNDERSTANDING GENDER EQUITY
In the short-term: greater emphasis in
the gender equity initiatives will be
placed on improving conditions and
attitudes as they affect girls and women.
In the long-term: these initiatives will
also improve the situation for boys and
men.

35. STORY TELLING

36. THE STORY OF THE FOX AND THE CRANE
The Fox invited the Crane
to dinner. He served the
food on a large flat dish.
The Crane with her long,
narrow beak could not eat.
The Crane invited the Fox
to dinner. She served the
food in a deep vase, and
so the Fox with his short,
wide face could not eat.
Both friends had an equal opportunity for nourishment, but
each time one of them could not take advantage of this
opportunity.

37. Is it THE SAME?Is it the FAIR?Is it EQUAL? Is it THE SAME?Is it the FAIR?Is it EQUAL?

38. Now Our
Vision Is
To Have A
Gender
Fair Society

39. THANK YOU SO MUCH…
THANK YOU SO MUCH…

40. GENDER
socially-determined/learned behavior
CHURCH
STATE
FAMILY
SCHOOL
MEDIA
MARGINALIZATION
SUBORDINATION
VAWC
STEREOTYPING
MULTIPLE BURDEN
Development for ALL!
GENDER
ISSUES
WELFARE
ACCESS
CONSCIENTIZATION
PARTICIPATION
CONTROL
SOCIAL AUTHORITIES
that perpetuate culture
--w/c created and nurtured
GENDER BIAS
that promote
INEQUALITY
EXPLOITATION
& counter-dev’t
Tools of analysis on
Gender Issues
FRAMEWORK
OF INTERVENTION
MAINSTREAMING
an INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
for Gender & Development
WIP
awareness-
raising
priorities
infrastructure
beneficiaries
stakeholders
resources/budget
programs
commitment
political will