Introduction to Premises Cabling System

1. Introduction to
PREMISES CABLING SYSTEM
1

2. Standards
ISO
CENELEC AS/NZS ANSI IEC CSA
TIA EIA
EN50173 AS/NZS 3080 TIA/EIA-568A ISO/IEC 11801 CSA T 529
AS 3084 TIA/EIA-569 CSA T 530
AS/NZS 3085 TIA/EIA-606 CSA T 529
TIA/EIA-607 CSA T 528
2

3. Benefits of Standards Compliance
• Assurance that cabling system will support
standards-based applications
− Future network applications will most likely be
developed based on infrastructure standards
• Simplify administration
− Reduce Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
• Accommodate future growth
3

4. ISO/IEC-11801
• Generic cabling for customer premises Standard
− Approved and released in 1995
− The de-facto standard that all other organizations model their
standards after
• Purpose
− To provide a world standard for the design, installation, and
administration of commercial building telecommunications
systems.
4

5. TIA/EIA-568A
• Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling
Standard
− EIA/TIA-568 - July 1991
− TIA/EIA-568A - October 1995
− EIA/TIA-568B - 2000
• Purpose
− To enable the planning and installation of a structured cabling
system for commercial buildings...
− ...specifying a generic telecommunications cabling system that
will support a multi-product, multi-vendor environment
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6. ISO/IEC-11801 and TIA/EIA-568A
Overview
Major sections include:
• Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations
• Horizontal and Backbone Cabling
• Telecommunications Closets, Equipment Rooms,
Building Entrance Facilities
• Unshielded Twisted Pair, Shielded Twisted Pair and
Optical Fiber Cabling and Connecting Hardware
• Shielding Practices
• Link Specifications and Testing
6

7. ISO/IEC-11801 and TIA/EIA-568A
Differences
Cable Type:
• ISO allows 120Ω cable and 50/125µm optical fiber
Terminology:
TIA/EIA-568A ISO/IEC 11801
Main Cross Connect Campus Distributor
Intermediate Cross Connect Building Distributor
Horizontal Cross Connect/
Floor Distributor
Telecommunications Closet
Entrance Facility Building Entrance Facility
Interbuilding Backbone Campus Backbone
Intrabuilding Backbone Building Backbone
7

8. TIA/EIA-569A
• Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications
Pathways and Spaces
• Purpose
− Standardize specific design and construction practices within
and between buildings which are in support of
telecommunications media and equipment
• Sections
− Horizontal Pathways
− Backbone Pathways
− Work Area
− Telecommunications Closet, Equipment Room, Entrance
Facilities
8

9. TIA/EIA-606
• Administration Standard for the Telecommunications
Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings
• Purpose
− To provide a uniform administration scheme that is
independent of applications and establishes guidelines for
owners, end users, manufacturers, consultants, contractors,
designers, installers, and facilities administrators involved in
the administration of telecommunications infrastructure
• Sections
− Administration Concepts
− Pathway and Space, and Grounding & Bonding Administration
− Labeling and Color Coding
9

10. TIA/EIA-607
• Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding
Requirements for the Telecommunications Industry
• Purpose
− To enable the planning, design, and installation of a
telecommunications grounding system that supports a multi-
vendor, multi-product environment as well as the grounding
practices for various systems
• Sections
− Grounding and Bonding Overview
− Components of the Grounding and Bonding Infrastructure
− Telecommunications Closet, Equipment Room, and Entrance
Facilities
10

11. Elements/Sub-Systems
• Work Area
• Horizontal Cabling
• Telecommunications Closet
• Backbone Cabling
• Equipment Room
• Entrance Facility
• Administration
11

12. Campus Cabling Diagram
12

13. Campus Cabling Diagram
13

14. Hierarchical Star Topology
MDF/CD
IDF/BD
Backbone
Cabling
TC TC TC TC TC TC FD
Horizontal
Cabling
H………H H………H H………H H………H H………H H………H
WA WA WA WA WA WA
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15. Work Area, Horizontal Cabling,
Telecommunications Closet
15

16. Backbone Cabling, Equipment Room,
Entrance Facilities
16

17. Elements/Sub-Systems - Administration
• Work Area
• Horizontal Cabling
• Telecommunications Closet
• Backbone Cabling
• Equipment Room
• Entrance Facility
• Administration
17

18. Twisted Pair Cabling
18

19. Cable Classification
Category 3/Class C - 16 MHz
Category 5/Class D - 100 MHz
Category 5e/Class D - 100 MHz
Category 6/Class E - 250 MHz
Category 7/Class F - 600 MHz
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20. Twisted Pair Types
UTP
FTP, SFTP
STP, PiMF
20

21. Crosstalk
21

22. Near End Crosstalk (NEXT)
Transmit
Receive
• Crosstalk measures the amount of signal
interference from one pair to another pair
• NEXT measures crosstalk at the signal source
(Near End)
22

23. Twisted Pair Construction
22/24 AWG
PVC, LSZH, FEP
22/26 AWG
(PiMF = 23 AWG, 4-pair)
23

24. Optical Fiber Overview
• Reflection
• Refraction
• Refractive Index
• Core/Cladding
• Numerical Aperture
• Modes
• Wavelength
24

25. Advantages of Fiber Optics
• Large Bandwidth
• Low Attenuation
• No Crosstalk
• No Radio Freq. or Electromagnetic Emissions
• No RFI or EMI susceptibility
• No Ground Loops
• Safety, no Shock or Spark Hazards
• High Future Upgrade Capability
• No EMP susceptibility
25

26. Reflection vs. Refraction
Refraction
Source Reflection
26

27. Refractive Index
N2
N1
Speed of Light (Vacuum)
N=
Speed of Light (Medium)
27

28. Internal Reflection in a Fiber
Cladding = n1
n 1 = 1.46
80.6 80.6 n 2 = 1.48
n 1 = 1.46
b C = sin 1.46 = 80.6°
-1
1.48 Core = n 2
28

29. Core/Cladding
Core
Cladding Glass
Cladding Rod
Glass Tube
Core
Heat
Heat
Fiber
29

30. CROSS SECTION OF A TYPICAL FIBER
Core
Cladding
125 um
Coating
250 um, 400 um or 900 um
30

31. Numerical Aperture and Modes
Low Order Modes Axial Mode
Acceptance Cone High Order Modes
31

32. Wavelength
ATTENUATION
850 1300/1310 1550
WAVELENGTH
32

33. Optical Fiber Review
• Reflection
• Refraction
• Refractive Index
• Core/Cladding
• Numerical Aperture
• Modes
• Wavelength
33

34. Optical Fiber Types
• Multi-mode
− accepts many modes of light
− supports 850 and 1300 nanometer wavelengths
• Singlemode
− accepts only one mode of light - the axial mode
− supports 1310 and 1550 nanometer wavelengths
34

35. Optical Fiber Types
Multimode Singlemode
Graded
Index
Preform
35

36. Multi-mode Step Index
Dispersion
Source
Input Pulse
Output Pulse
36

37. Multi-mode Graded Index
Dispersion
Source
Input Pulse
Output Pulse
37

38. Multi-mode Optical Fiber Sizes
62.5/125 50/125
38

39. Singlemode Fiber
Source
125 m Cladding Diameter
Input Pulse Output Pulse
8.3 to 10 m Core Diameter
39

40. FIBER TYPES
Multimode step index fiber
Low Order Mode
High Order Mode
Input Pulse
Refractive
Output Pulse Index Profile
Multimode graded index fiber
Input Pulse
Output Pulse
Refractive
Index Profile
Singlemode step index fiber
Output Pulse
Only one mode, No mode dispersion Refractive
Input Pulse
Index Profile
40

41. Optical Fiber from a preform
Preform
Muffle furnace
Fiber
41

42. Optical Fiber Components
Fiber Coating Protective Strength Outer
Buffer Members Jacket
42

43. CABLE CONSTRUCTION
Simplex, Tight Buffer Cable
PVC Outer Jacket

Kevlar Strength Members

Hytrel Buffer
Optical Fiber
43

44. Coatings and Buffers
Tight Tube
Loose Tube
44

45. Strength Members and Outer Jackets
PVC, LSZH, FEP (Plenum)
Kevlar
Steel/Fiberglass
PE
45

46. Optical Fiber Cable
46

47. Cable Construction
Interconnect Cables
Pigtail, Patchcords, Intrabuilding
Internal equipment connections
Patch panels - Wall outlet to desktop
User friendly
Distribution Cables
Backbones Cabling
Vertical/Horizontal Cabling
For cabling behind the wall and patch panels.
Less fiber protection at connectorized level.
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48. Cable Construction
Breakout Cables
Backbones - Campus - Zone cabling
Vertical Cabling - Horizontal Cabling
Fiber very well protected at connectorized level
Essentially simplex cables in common jacket
Outdoor Cables Long distance
Buried - Aerial - Building Entrance
Generally no flame rating - limited distance
in building
Gel filled to eliminate moisture
Loose tube for expansion/contraction/movement
No fiber protection at connector level
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49. Cable Ratings
Defined by National Electrical Code. Tested by UL, etc. Cables must meet
specific requirements for flammability and smoke generation.
OFN : General use, less than 50´
OFNR : Riser rated, Can be used in vertical passages.
OFNP : Plenum rated, Can be installed in air plenums without
conduit.
LSZH : Low Smoke, Zero halogen, No specific flame requirements
49

50. CABLE APPLICATIONS
• Outside Plant (OSP), Loose Tube
− Use: All Outside Applications
− Aerial
− Gel-filled
− Ultra-violet Resistant
− Self-supporting or Lashed
− Direct Burial (Trenched)
− Rodent Protected
− Gel-filled
− Strong Central Strength Member
− Burial (Conduit)
− Gel-filled, Not as Rugged
50

51. Cabling Media Types
Media Connector
Bandwidth
Type Type
100Ω/120Ω up to 8-Position
CAT 3/5/5e/6 UTP 16/100/200 MHz IDC
100Ω up to 8-Position
CAT 7 STP 600 MHz IDC
up to 4-Position
150Ω STP-A
300 MHz Data
62.5/125µm up to Duplex
Multi-mode 500 MHz-km 568SC
Singlemode up to Duplex
Fiber 500 MHz-km + 568SC
50/125µm up to
Multi-mode 500 MHz-km SC-D
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52. CONNECTING IT ALL TOGETHER
52

53. Horizontal Cabling Distance
6m 90 m 3m
53

54. Backbone Cabling Distances
HC/FD A MC/CD EP
C
HC/FD B IC/BD
MEDIA A B C
UTP voice 800 m/2624ft 500 m/1640ft 300 m/984ft
UTP data 90 m/295ft
STP-A 90 m/295ft
Multimode Fiber 2000 m/6560ft 500 m/1640ft 1500 m/4920ft
Singlemode Fiber 3000 m/9840ft 500 m/1640ft 2500 m/8200ft
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55. Summary
• Premises Cabling System
• ISO and TIA/EIA Standards
• Elements of Telecommunications
Infrastructure
• Cable/Fiber Types, Categories, Classes and
Performance
• Cable Construction
• Cable, Connectors and Cabling Distances
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