18. 2. Geography of Greece
• Today, a small country in Europe.
• near the Mediterranean Sea.
• main part of Greece: on a peninsula.
19. 2. Geography of Greece
• small country in Europe.
• near the Mediterranean Sea.
• main part of Greece: on a peninsula.
(peninsula: land surrounded by water on three sides.)
20. 2. Geography of Greece
• small country in Europe.
• near the Mediterranean Sea.
• main part of Greece: on a peninsula.
(peninsula: land surrounded by water on three sides.)
• the rest of Greece: many islands.
21. 2. Geography of Greece
• small country in Europe.
• near the Mediterranean Sea.
• main part of Greece: on a peninsula.
(peninsula: land surrounded by water on three sides.)
• the rest of Greece: many islands and many mountains
22. 2. Geography of Greece
• small country in Europe.
• near the Mediterranean Sea.
• main part of Greece: on a peninsula.
(peninsula: land surrounded by water on three sides.)
• the rest of Greece: many islands and many mountains
25. Greek City-States
• Greek City-States were isolated because of mountains and islands.
(isolated: alone.)
26. 3.Greek City-States
• Greek City-States were isolated because of mountains and islands.
(isolated: alone.)
• City-states were like countries with their own laws, leaders & money.
28. 4. Sparta’s focus: Military Strength
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-
29. 4. Sparta’s focus: Military Strength
• Government: Kings
• Not important: reading, writing, art.
• Very important: training to become good soldiers.
• Boys: 7 years old boys left their parents to study warfare
and athletics.
• Girls: trained to be good athletes and to be
mothers of soldiers.
31. 5. Athens’ Focus: Art, Culture, Democracy
• Government: People of Athens voted for leaders (democracy).
• Important: art, architecture, beauty and military power.
• Boys from rich families: went to school and trained to be
soldiers. Adult men could become citizens and vote.
• Girls: learned how to take care of their homes. Adult women
had no rights.
32. 6. Athens v. Sparta
The City-States of Athens and Sparta fought to control all of
Greece in the Peloponnesian War.
After 27 years of fighting, Sparta
defeated Athens.
36. *
7. Philosophy
• Philosophers = “seekers of wisdom.”
• Philosophers are teachers.
• They use reasons and questions to study the
world and explain life.
*
philo = love
sophia = wisdom
37. Socrates
Socrates was a famous teacher who taught
his students…
• …it is important to do the right thing.
• …think for yourself
• Socrates’ way of teaching: ask questions
to discover true ideas. (Socratic method.)
38. The children now love luxury;
they have bad manners, contempt for
authority; they show disrespect for elders
and love chatter in place of exercise.
Children are now tyrants, not the servants
of their households. They no longer rise
when elders enter the room. They contradict
their parents, chatter before company,
gobble up dainties at the table, cross their
legs, and tyrannize their teachers.
39. Plato
• student of Socrates.
• started the world’s first university.
• wrote about fair governments and fair
leaders in a book called The Republic.
40. Socrates
Socrates and his student, Plato
Detail of The School of Athens by Raffaello
50. • Aristotle was his teacher.
• young, strong military leader
Aristotle teaching young Alexander
51. Alexander
the Great
• made Greece a large empire.
• conquered Persia, Egypt, the
Middle East, Northern India.
• spread Greek ideas all over the
world
• Alexander the Great did all of
this by the time he was 33.
52. The Empire of King Philip
(Father of Alexander the Great)
55. Europe
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Rome
56. 10. The Romans conquered Greece.
They controlled Greece, but they loved Greek ideas and copied
them.
For example, they loved Greek gods.
They changed the gods’ names to Roman names.
king of the gods queen of the gods god of the sea god of war goddess of wisdom
goddess of love
Zeus Hera Poseidon AresAthena Aprhrodite
Jupiter Juno Neptune Mars Minerva
Venus
57. Rhea was the twins’ mother.
Her uncle, the king, was afraid that the
twins would try to take his power.
Rome is named for Romulus.
11. How Rome began:
The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus &Remus
58. The king’s order: Drown the babies in
the Tiber River.
How Rome began:
The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus &Remus
59. Tiberinus, the river god, put the twins on
land.
How Rome began:
The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus &Remus
60. Lupa the wolf found the
twins and raised them.
How Rome began:
The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus &Remus
61. The image of the mother wolf raising
the twins Romulus and Remus is a
popular image in ancient art.
How Rome began:
The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus &Remus
68. Romulus and Remus grew up.
They often argued…
How Rome began:
The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus &Remus
69. …and had bitter fights.
How Rome began:
The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus &Remus
70. They decided to work together and
establish a city on the hill where Lupa
found them.
How Rome began:
The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus &Remus
71. They argued and fought about building
a wall around the city. Remus died.
Romulus named the new city after
himself, Rome.
How Rome began:
The legend of the twin brothers, Romulus &Remus
72. The Roman Empire: Before Caesar
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73. The Roman Empire: Before Caesar
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74. 12. Julius Caesar
Excellent military leader.
He never lost a battle.
He conquered a lot of land for Rome and
made the empire very large.
Vini, vidi, vici.
75. Julius Caesar
Excellent military leader.
He never lost a battle.
He conquered a lot of land for Rome and
made the empire very large.
I came, I saw,
I conquered.
76. The Roman Empire: Before Caesar
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79. Did you know these facts about Julius Caesar?
Pirates kidnapped him when he was 16.
He escaped.
He improved the Roman calendar
(“July” is named for Caesar.)
Set up the first newspapers (news signs).
80. Did you know these facts about Julius Caesar?
Caesar and Cleopatra of Egypt loved each other.
81. Other leaders in Rome were afraid of Caesar’s popularity and
power.
They assassinated him.
82. 13. Roman Military Strength
Roman soldiers were very tough.
People said the Roman army was like a fighting machine.
They conquered a lot of land for Rome.
83. 14. Roman Roads
Each time Roman soldiers
conquered a city, they built a
new road connecting the city to
Rome.
84. Roman Roads
Romans built over 53,000 miles of roads. Most of the time,
soldiers were the road builders.
