a general view of power system in pakistan

1. Power Sector Of Pakistan
Members:
Muhammad Saleem 10-ee-38
Mazhar Ali 10-ee-49
Ehthisham ul Haq 10-ee-48

2. POWER SECTOR OF PAKISTAN –AN OVERVIEW:
Why Power?
Manufacturing companies need it to operate plant and machines.
Service companies need it to operate technology.
Agriculture needs it for tube wells.
Domestic Consumers need it for a Hassle free life.
If all of the above are getting the required power,
economy can proceed with other basic & developmental
activities in the country.

3. SUPPLY CHAIN OF
PAKISTAN:-
The power system is
catagorized as:-
Generation.
Transmission.
Distribution.
Consumption.

4. Electricity Generation in Pakistan:
Hydel
Thermal
Nuclear
Renewable
Solar
Wind
Biomass

5. Types of Generation Fuel:
Types %age
Hydel 31.9 %
Residual Fuel
Oil(RFO)
34.1%
Gas 26.2%
Coal 0.1%
High Speed
Diesel(HSD)
1.6%
Mixed 0.8%
Nuclear 4.9

6. Major Power Producers :-
The major
power producers in the Pakistan are given as.
Sector %age
WAPDA 30.7%
KESC 8.6%
IPPs 45%
GENCO 13.5%
Others 1.7%

7. Installed Generation (Hydel):
Name of
power
station
Location Province Type of
power
station
Installed
capacity
(MW)
Capability (MW)
Summer Winter
Tarbela Tarbela KPK Reservoir 3478 3702 1874
Mangla Mangla AJK Reservoir 1150 1280 470
Ghazi
Barotha
Ghazi
Barotha
Punjab Canal 1450 1450 1160
Warsak Warsak KPK Reservoir 243 190 20
Chashma Chashma Punjab Lower Head
Channel
184 184 184
Khan Khwar Khan Khwar KPK Canal 72 68 68
Sub Total Major Hydro Units 6577 6930 3817
Major Hydro Units:

8. Small Hydro Units:
Name of
power station
Location Province Type of
power station
Installed
capacity
(MW)
Dargai Dargai KPK Canal 20
Rasool Rasool Punjab Canal 22
Chichoki-
Mallian
Chichoki-
Mallian
Punjab Canal 13
Shadiwal Shadiwal Punjab Canal 13.5
Nandipur Nandipur Punjab Canal 13.8
Kurram Garhi Kurram Garhi KPK Canal 4
Renala Renala Punjab Canal 1.1
Chitral Chitral KPK Canal 1
Sub-Total Small Hydro Units 89
Total Hydro Units 6666

9. Installed Thermal Capacity:
Name of power
station
Location Province Type of power
station
Installed
Capacity
(MW)
Fuel Type
Pri. Alt.
Jamshoro Jamshoro Sindh Steam 850 Gas FO
Kotri Kotri Sindh Gas Turb. 174 Gas FO
Guddu Guddu Sindh Steam,Gas
turbine
1655 Gas FO
Quetta Quetta Baluchistan Gas Turb. 35 Gas FO
Muzafargarh Muzafrgarh Punjab Steam 1350 Gas FO
Faisalabad Faisalabad Punjab Steam,Gas
Turbine
376 Gas FO,HSD
Multan Multan Punjab Steam 195 Gas FO
Lakhra Coal Lakhra Sindh Steam 150 Coal None
Isolated
Gen.
Pasni Pasni Balochistan Diesel eng. 17 HSD None
Panjgoor Panjgoor Balochistan Gas turb. 39 Gas HSD
Total with Isolated Gen. 4841

10. Installed Generation of IPPs:
Name of power
station
Location Province Type of power
station
Installed
capacity
(MW)
Fuel Type
Pri. Alt.
Kot Addu Kot Addu Punjab Gas Turb. 1639 FO HSD
Saba RFO Sheikpura Punjab Steam 134 RFO None
KOHINOOR Raiwind Punjab Diesel Eng.,steam 131 RFO None
AES Lalpir
Muzafrgarh Punjab Steam 362 RFO None
AES Pak Gen. Muzafrgarh Punjab Steam 365 RFO None
SEPCOL Raiwind Punjab Diesel Eng. 135.9 Gas None
Rousch RFO Khanewal Punjab Gas Turb. 450 Gas HSD
Alternate
EnergyLtd.
Attock Punjab Gas Eng. 31 Gas None
JapanPower Raiwind Punjab Diesel Eng. 135 RFO None
Attock Gen Lmt. Rawalpindi Punjab Steam Turb. 165.3 RFO None

11. Continue……..
Name of power
station
Location Province Type of power
station
Installed
cap.(MW)
Fuel Type
Pri. Alt.
Altas Power Sheikhpura Punjab Steam 219.2 RFO None
Nishat Power Lahore Punjab Steam 202.1 RFO None
Fauji Kabirwala Khaniwal Punjab Gas 157 Gas HSD
Orient Pow. Baloki Punjab Gas, Steam 229.1 Gas None
Saif Power Sahiwal Punjab Gas, Steam 228.5 Gas HSD
Hub Narowal Narowal Punjab Diesel 219.2 RFO None
Halmore Sheikpura Punjab Gas,Steam 228.6 Gas HSD
Saphire Muridkey Punjab Gas,Steam 228.6 Gas HSD
Nishat Chunian Lahore Punjab Diesel,Steam 202.1 RFO None
Liberty Power
Tech.
Faisalabad Punjab Diesel,Steam 202 RFO None
Chasma(PAEC) Chasmas Punjab Nuclear 650 NUC NUC

12. Continue……
Name of power
station
Location Province Type of
station
Installed
capacity
Fuel Type
Pri. Alt.
TNB Liberty power Dharki Sindh Gas 212 Gas HSD
Engro Energy Dharki Sindh Gas 233.4 Gas HSD
Foundation Power Dharki Sindh Gas 229.8 Gas None
HUBCO HUB Balochistan Steam 1292 RFO
Habibullah Quetta Balochistan Gas 140 Gas HSD
Uch Dera Murad
Jamali
Balochistan Gas 586 Gas HSD
Hydro
(IIPs)
Jagran Jagran AJK Hydro 30 HYD HYD
Malaknd Malakand KPK Hydro 81 HYD HYD
Total Generation (Private) 9142
Hydro+GENCOs+IPP 20443
With Isolated(QESCO) 20499

13. Preview……
Types Installed
Capacity
(MW)
%age
Hydro 6666 29%
Thermal 7166 31%
IPPs 8666 37%
Nuclear 787 3%

14.  There 12436 km transmission line of 500KV,220 KV
transmission line in Pakistan.

15. The three-phase system has three sets of phase conductors.
There 5078 km of 500 KV transmission line in Pakistan.
LIST OF 500 KV GRID STATIONS
1 Grid Station Sheikh Muhammadi Peshawar
2 Grid Station Rewat
3 Grid Station Sheikhupura
4 Grid Station Gatti Faisalabad
5 Grid Station Nokhar
6 Grid Station New Multan
7 Grid Station Muzafargarh
8 Grid Station Sahiwal (Yousafwala)
9 Grid Station Guddu
10 Grid Station Dadu
11 Grid Station Jamshoro
12 Grid Station Nki

16. There are Thirty Two 220 KV
Grid Stations.
Total length is 7359 km of
220 KV transmission line in
Pakistan.

17. NTDC Substation (500 kV):
Location DISCO Province No. MVA Total MVA
Dadu HESCO Sindh 1 450 450
Guddu HESCO Sindh 3 450 1350
Jamshoro HESCO Sindh 2 450 900
NKI HESCO Sindh 2 600 1200
Gatti FESCO Punjab 4 450 1800
Multan MEPCO Punjab 2 450 900
Muzaffargarh MEPCO Punjab 2 600 1200
Rawat IESCO Punjab 3 450 1350
Sheikhpura LESCO Punjab 4 600 2400
Yousafwala MEPCO Punjab 2 600 1200
Ghakhar GEPCO Punjab 2 600 1200
Sheikh Muhammad PESCO KPK 2 450 900
Total 29 14850

18. Line Voltage Length (km)
500 kV 5,078
220 kV 7,367
132 kV 23,994
66 kV 9,069
Total Length 45,508
Transmission lines & Grid Stations:

19. T/M line Length of Provinces(11kV):
Province Length (km)
PUNJAB 174,041
KPK & FATA 39,779
SINDH 48,753
BALOCHISTAN 31,139
Total 293,712

20. T/M line Length of Provinces(400V):
Province Length(km)
PUNJAB 127,426
KPK & FATA 49,694
SINDH 26,736
BALOCHISTAN 13,629
Total 217,485

21. Transmission & Distribution Losses:
Units for Transmission 89721
Transmisson
Losses
GWh 2508
%age 2.8%
Units for Distribution 87213
Distribution
Losses
GWh 15,845
%age 18.17%
Net Losses GWh 18,353
%age 20.46%

22. Transmission losses :
Year T /M Losses (%) Remarks
2008 7.63% Includes losses of 132 kV Sys
2009 7.26% Includes losses of 132 kV Sys
2010 3.80% 500 & 220 kV only
2011 3.48% 500 & 220 kV only
2012 3.58% 500 & 220 kV only
2013 3.12% 500 & 220 kV only

23. How losses can be reduced??
 Lengthy Distribution lines should be avoided.
 Adequate Size of Conductors of Distribution lines.
 Installation of Distribution transformers nearer to
load centers.
 High Power Factor of Primary and secondary
distribution system:
 Good Workmanship:

24. Continue…..
Feeder Phase Current and Load Balancing:
Load Factor should be increased to control
low power and energy losses:
Transformer Sizing (based on load) and
Selection( core material)
Balancing 3 phase loads
Switching off transformers in period of low
demands

25. ENERGY CRISIS SOLUTIONS:
• The crisis of power generation can be solved
through
long terms,
short term policies.
• Pakistan is vital country who have all the
benefits of solving the power crisis
through all types of
power generation.
• We will discussed all the form of electric

26. Solution Through Hydel Generation:
• Pakistan stored only 13% of the annual flow of
its rivers.
• The hydropower potential in Pakistan is over
60,000MW.
• Currently projects
Diamer Basha (4,500 MW),
Bunji (7,100 MW)
Kohala (1,100 MW)

27. General View:-

28. Solution Through Thermal Generation:
• Pakistan has the 4th largest coal reserve in the
World, Approx. 185.175 billion tones.
Thar(largest)- approx. 75.5 billion tones.
• Pakistan generates only 0.79% of its total
electricity from coal.
• Coal contributes approximately 40% of the
total global primary energy demand.

29. Overview of Coal Reserves:

30. Solutions Through Nuclear Power Generation:
• Pakistan is among the 30 nations in the world, which have reposed
confidence in Nuclear Power Plants.
• Chashma Nuclear Power Plant III and IV
The units will both have generation capacity of 340 MW and a design life of
40 years
• Chashma Nuclear Power Plant V
On March 2013, Pakistan and China agreed to build a 1000 MW
CHASNUPP-5 at Chashma Nuclear Power Complex.

31. Solutions Through Solar Energy:
• Pakistan receives approximately 8 to 10
sunlight hours per day.
• The installed capacity of solar photovoltaic
power is estimated to be 1600 GW per year.
• Approximately 41 times that of current power
generation in the country.

32. Solutions Through Wind Energy:
• Wind energy has also been shown to have
strong technical potential in
Pakistan, particularly in the southern regions
of Sindh and Balochistan
• Pakistan has approximately 1000 km of
coastline with steady average wind speeds
ranging between 5-7 m/s.
• The projected installed capacity for wind
energy projects is estimated at 122.6 GW per
year, providing about 212 TW of electricity

33. Solutions Through Biomass Energy:
• The availability of biomass in Pakistan is also widespread.
Approximately 50 000 tonnes of solid waste,
225, 000 tonnes of crop residue,
Over 1 million tones of animal manure
produced 3 daily.
• It is estimated that the potential production of biogas from
livestock residue is
8.8 to 17.2 billion cubic meters of gas per year
(equivalent to 55 to 106 TWh of energy).