Muhammad Shahzad Ashfaq

2. Presented By;
Muhammad Shahzad Ashfaq
Ph.D Education
Scholar
Unit # 3 Comparative Studies in
Teacher Education
Presentation Group 3.
Course Title: Comparative Education.
Course Instructor. Dr. Ashfaq Shah

3.  Why I choose Pakistan and Scotland?
 Flag Representation
 Geography
 Demography
 Culture
 Educational System
 Educational Hierarchy
 Reference

4.  Teacher education is aprogram.
 It is related to thedevelopmentof teachers.
 It is related to the teachers proficiency and
competency.
 It enable and empower the teacher to meet the
requirements of the profession and face the
challenges.
 Teacher education means all the formal and non-
formal activities and experiences that help toqualify a
person.

5. Teaching Skills
Pedagogical Theory
 Professional Skills

6. It provide training and practice indifferent;
 Techniques, approaches, and strategies that help
the teachers to plan and impartInstruction.
 It include;
 Effective classroom management skills
 Use of instructional materials
 Effective use of communication skills

7.  Pedagogical theory includes the philosophical,
sociological and psychologicalconsiderations.
 It enable the teachers to have a sound basis for
practicing the teaching skills in the classroom.
 The theory is stage specific and is based on the needs
and requirements thatarecharacteristic of thatstage.

8. Professional skills include;
 Techniques, strategies and approaches that would
help teachers togrow in the profession .
 It includes;
 Softskills, Counseling skills, Interpersonal skills,
 Computerskills, Information retrieving,
 Management skills and above all life long learning
skills.

9. 1. To enable the teachers to solve the problems
of students.
2. To create a suitable type of discipline in the
mind of the teachers.

10. 3. Tofamiliarizes the teachers with the latest
knowledge to fulfill the existing need ofthe
society.
4. Togive knowledge about the broad objectives
of teaching such as knowledge, understanding,
application etc.
5. Todevelop fundamental skills in theteachers.

11. 6. To develop a sense of appreciation of cultural
arts.
7. To prepare the teachers for elementary as well
as higher education in science, engineering
etc.
8. To develop the habit of concentration, self-
confidence, self-reliance anddiscovery.

12. 9. To develop scientific and realistic attitude
towards life.
10.To give practical knowledge to face the day- to -
day problems.
11.To bring an all-round and harmonious
development in the personality of the
teachers.

13. 12. Todevelop the skills to use the modern
devices like computer etc.
13. Todevelop the abilities of analysis,synthesis,
reasoning, computation etc.
14. Todevelop interest inteaching.

14. In Current :
 Teacher take something that students see often and take for
granted, and have them analyze it more deeply.
 Teacher give the students a concept and allow them to evaluate
its merit, giving supporting reasons why they think it is good
or bad. This makes students think beyond what someone has
told them or what they feel to the logic of an argument.
 Teacher give students two or more articles on a topic, and have
them put the information together in a summary. This exercise
forces students to truly comprehend the material in an article
instead of simply memorizing it.

15.  Teacher give student a passage of a book or article and
have them explain it in their own words. This is similar
to synthesis in that it forces students to understand the
passage rather than memorizing it.
 These types of activities can be used in today any
classroom for any subject, and if used correctly can
result in a higher level of thinking for our students, and
worthy goal for any teacher.

16. In Past :
There are two systems of teacher education
prevalent in Pakistan:
The traditional religion-based education
The modern formal education begun under
British colonial rule and continued after the
country's independence. Both systems are
financed by the ministry of education.
Since the late 1970s, with the increasing
Islamization of Pakistan's polity and society,
the management of the traditional institutions
has been stream lined both at the provincial
and the federal levels by the mullahs.

17. In Future :
 To create a matching relationship between the demand and
supply of teachers.
 To increase the effectiveness of the system by
institutionalizing teacher trainers and educational
administrators.
 To upgrade the quality of pre-service teacher training
programs by introducing parallel programs of longer duration
at post-secondary and post-degree levels;
 To make the teaching profession attractive for young talented
graduates, by institutionalizing a package of incentives;
 To develop a viable framework for policy planning and
development of in-service and pre-service teacher education
programs.

19.  Pakistan
Area :796,096km2
Population : 209,970,000
Density :244.4/km2
GDP : $1.060 trillion
Official language: Urdu & English
Literacy Rate : 58 %

20. Continent : Asia
Region :SouthAsia
Water :3.1%
Land : 96.9%
Coastline : 700 km
Highest point : K2
Lowest point:Arabian Sea

21. Pakistan
ContinentAsia
Region South
Asia (Subcontinent).
Provinces: 4
Capital: Islamabad
Area : 796,095 km²
Pakistan is bordered
by India to the
east, Afghanistan to the
west and Iran to the
southwest while China
borders the country in
the northeast.

22. ◦ Food: wheat, rice maize and etc
◦ Religion: Islam
◦ Culture :
Pakistani culture is a part of Islamic civilization which draws its value and
traditions from Islam and rich Islamic history. Majority of population
comprises of Muslims and follows teachings of Islam.
Pakistani culture is a beautiful blend of the Punjabi, Sindhi, Pathan,
Baluchi, Barohi, Seraiki and Kashmiri cultures. In addition, the presence
of Hindu community in Sindh gives touches of dance and music in the
Sindhi region.

23. Natural resources :coal, gemstones,copper,iron,
Natural hazards : landslides,fog,floods

24. Pakistan
 Todevelop theknowledge and skills
 To promote the values that is associated with the intellectual
pleasure in creativity, curiosity and learning.
To enhance the standards of spoken and written English for its
citizens

25. It is mandated in theconstitution of Pakistan to
provide free and compulsory education.
31 % educational institutesare run by privatesector.
69% educational institute arepublic.
Pakistan has expressed itscommitmentto promote
education and literacy in thecountry.
Education policies at domesticlevel.
MDGsand EFA programmes areglobal commitment of
Pakistan for the promotion ofliteracy.

26. Levels of education
Primary level
Middle level
High /Secondary level
Intermediate/Higher Secondary
University level of Education

27. Governmentschool
Privateschools
Trustschools
Madrassaas
Colleges
Universities
Technical institutes

28.  PAKISTAN
 Science is a compulsory component of the
curriculum is primary and middleschools.
 At the grade 9 level students have the option of
choosing subject.
At the intermediate level science options will
provide for various combinations.

29. Regional disparity
Genderdiscrimination
Lack of technicaleducation
Fundsof educationarevery low
Lack of trained teachers

30.  Scotland

31.  Scotland Yard
Education system
Beautiful landscape

32. Scotland
 Area : 80,077km2
 Population :5,373,000
 Density :67.2/km2
 GDP: $233.332 billion
 Official language: English
 Literacy Rate : 73.3 %

33. Education of Scotland is different fromU.K.
Scotland provides freeeducation toall children
living in Scotland.
Scotland’sschools operatea curriculum for
excellence which provides knowledge,skills and
attributes for learning
Top 200 World Universities and more than 94%
of international students studying here

34.  Scotland
Topromoteself-development and development of
the country through acquisition of skills and
knowledge.
 Topromote loyalty and love to thecountry
Toensure the students develop in mental,
physical, social and moral aspects

35. The scottish pupils follow the National curriculum
It is recently introduce in2010
Designed todevelopskill rather than specific
knowledge
Learners will be:
 Confident individuals
 Responsiblecitizens
 Effectivecontributor
 Successful learners

36. Literacy
Numeracy & Mathematics
Religious & Moraleducation
Health & well being
Technologies
ExpressiveArts
Social Studied
Sciences

37.  Expressive Arts– including art and design, dance, drama and music.
 Health and Wellbeing– mental, emotional, social and physical wellbeing; PE;
food and health; substance misuse; and relationships, sexual health and
parenthood.
 Languages– listening and talking, reading and writing in English and modern
languages, plus classical languages and literacy, and Gaidhlig/Gaelic learners
(where available).
 Mathematics– including analysing information, solving problems and
assessing risk.
 Religious and Moral Education (denominational and non-denominational)–
learning about Christianity, other world religions, and developing values and
beliefs.
 Sciences– understanding important scientific concepts across planet Earth,
forces, electricity and waves, biological systems, materials and topical science.
 Social Studies– understanding people, place and society in the past and present
including history, geography, modern studies and business education.
 Technologies– including computing science, food, textiles, craft, design,
engineering, graphics and applied technologies.

38. In Scotland there are 8 sciencesubjects
 Biology
 Chemistry
 Computerscience
 Geography and sustainabledevelopment
 Environmental sciences
 Mathematics
 Physics
 Psychology

39. 1.Advice on Scottish education policies and
practices including school inspection:
https://education.gov.scot/
2.Cochran-Smith, M., Fries, M.K. (2001). Stick,
Stones and Ideology: The discourse of
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3.Su, J.Z.X. (1992). Sources of influence in
preservice teacher socialization, Journal of
Education for Teaching, 18(3):239.
4.Zeicher, K.M., Laston, D.P. (1990). Theme:
Restructuring teacher education, Journal of
Teacher Education, 41(2):3-20.