SESSION : 1 Health & Safety Management : An overview

AMANA STEEL BUILDINGS
CONTRACTING

SESSION : 1
Health & Safety Management : An overview
SESSION : 2
General Safety Requirements
SESSION : 3
UAE Legislation in OHS
Course Introduction
Course Timings : 9:0 am to 5:0 pm
Lunch Breaks: 12:00 pm – 12:30 pm
Coffee Breaks: 2:45 pm
Timing: 8:30am to 10:30am
Timing Section A: 10:40 am to 12:00 pm, Section B: 12:30 pm to 2:45pm
Timing: 2:50 pm to 5:0 pm

SESSION : 1
Health & Safety Management

Objectives
1. What is Industrial Safety?
2. Why Manage Health & Safety – 3 Good Reasons
3. Cost and Consequences of Accidents – Video
4. Accident Causation theory
• Common cause of accidents in construction
5. How Manage Health & Safety – HSG (65) Model
• 4 C’s for Positive Health & Safety Culture
• Proactive & Reactive Monitoring
6. Principle of Control in H&S
• Hazards & Risk Management
• Safe System of work, PTW
• Hierarchy of Control – Video
7. Principle of Accident prevention
• MEEP – Material, Equipment, Environment & People
• IITS - Information, Instruction , Training and Supervisions

Industrial Safety
State of freedom from dangers /
hazards / risk in an industrial
activities.

Why manage Health & Safety ?

ILO Facts:
According to International Labor Organization
Around the World millions of men and women work in poor
and hazardous conditions
More than 160 million workers fall ill each year due to
workplace hazards
Small enterprises account for over 90% of enterprises
where conditions are often very poor and the workers in
them are often excluded from all labor protection.

Highest accident Rate in Construction industries-
Reference – HSE, UK Statistics

UAE Accident Statistics:

UAE Accident Statistics: Dubai
7
20
373
616
354
364
These accident records belongs to only 36 Main contractor who are
the member of Buildsafeuae. (www.buildsafeuae.com)

Three Good Reasons:
There are clear, pressing reasons why businesses should effectively
manage health and safety
1. Costs (Financial Loss)
2. Humanitarian and Moral reasons
3. To Avoid Prosecution

Reason 1: Costs (Financial)
The true cost of accidents is a lot higher than most people realise.
Cost of failure is not easy to calculate, but includes:
 Medical Treatment
 Accident investigation,
 Replacement labour,
 Loss of reputation,
 Compensation,
 Increased Insurance premium
Studies have shown that the true cost of accidents were as
much as 37% of the annual profit in one organisation

Reason 2: Humanitarian and Moral reasons
Our lives depends on what
we do at work. As a
human being We all
(Employers / Employees)
have moral obligation not
to cause harm to others.
Employers have the moral
obligation towards their
employees and others.

Reason 3: To avoid prosecution
Employers & Employees showing negligence towards
health and safety regulations resulting in accidents
may serve a severe penalties or/and imprisonment.
Supervisor jailed after crane collapses on workers
by Amy Glass on Sunday, 06 July 2008
CRANE KILLINGS:A Doha court has jailed a construction site
supervisor for two years after a crane collapsed, killing four men and
injured three others, Qatar daily Gulf Times reported on Sunday.
The supervisor, from Syria, and his employer were also fined 20,000 Qatari
riyals ($5,499) each for the accident which killed three Filipino men and
one Indian man.
The accident occurred on March 19, 2007, when a crane being operated
for the first time tilted and fell upon the workers at a construction site near
the West Bay, Doha.
The supervisor, his employer and insurance firm were jointly ordered to
pay 150,000 Qatari riyals as ‘blood money’ to families of three of the
victims, the newspaper said.

Supervisors
(Contractors,
Subcontractors) can be
held criminally liable for
serious injury or death of
an employee if they have
been negligent in their
duties.

Cost and Consequences of Accident

Cost and consequences of accident
Direct costs:
Hospitalization charges
Family suffering , Loss of job
Lost man days
Sick leave pay
Indirect costs:
Investigation cost
Loss of wages
Cost of damage to equipments
Idle time of equipment and machinery
Low productivity due to low morale of
workers
Improvement costs
Cost of low output by new worker
Costs for redesigning workplace
Replacement of worker / equipment
Retraining cost
Delay in work / stoppage of work
Fines
Compensations / blood money
cost of reputation of company , morale
which ultimately results in poor industrial
relations and loss of goodwill in the
market. And many more…

Cost and consequences of accidents

Accident Causation Theory
1
29
300
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS
UNSAFE CONDITION
10%
UNSAFEACT
88%
NATURAL CALAMITIES
2%

Definitions:
• Incident: An unplanned and undesired work related event in which
harm occurred or could have occurred.
o Accident: An accident is an incident, which has given rise to injury,
ill health or fatality.
o Nearmiss / Near-hit / Dangerous Occurrence: an incident where
no harms occurred
• LTA (Lost Time Accidents): a work related injury causing disablement
extending 48 hrs beyond the day or shift on which the accident
occurred.
Or simply, More than 3 days (including the day of accident)
disablement due to work Injury.

Accident Causation Theory
As per Henrich
• 88% of the accident are caused by unsafe act and
10% by unsafe condition.
• For every accident resulting in an injury, there are
many other similar accidents that causes no injuries.
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS
UNSAFE CONDITION
10%
UNSAFE ACT
88%
NATURAL CALAMITIES
2%
• It is estimated by him that in a group of 330
accidents of the same kind involving the same
person and similar circumstances,
 300 result in no injury,
 29 in minor injury and
 one in a major/ lost time/fatality.
1
29
300
So, how the major accidents can be prevented at sites…?
98% of accidents could be prevented by correcting the unsafe act and unsafe condition.
This proves that there are sample of opportunities for preventing accidents.

Major causes of accidents in construction
1. Fall from Height
2. Fall of Materials
3. Structure collapse
4. Fire
5. Electrocution
6. Vehicle /
machineries related
7. Other reasons
Fall from height is the biggest
killer in construction industries.
50% of all accidents are caused
due fall from height.
50 %
50 %

Year – unknown,
Month May to July.
No of Fatality - 10
1. Fall from Height - 6
2. Fall of Materials -2
3. Electrocution -2
UNSAFE ACTIONS AND
UNSAFE CONDITIONS ARE
THE ONLY REASON BEHIND
THESE ACCIDENTS.

Accident Causes
UNSAFE PEOPLE
Create
UNSAFE CONDITIONS / PLACES
Which cause
ACCIDENTS
And these often result in
INJURY OR DAMAGE
For every accident there is a preventable cause …. Find & Fix the cause BEFORE the accident

Any act which deviates from accepted norm or
correct procedure or practice, which has a
potential to cause accident.
UNSAFE ACTION
Operating without authority
Working on unprotected area
Failure to use PPE
Use of drug / alcohol
Improper lifting
Improper loading
Failure to warn person
Horseplay

Any physical condition which deviates from
accepted norm or practice and has the
potential to cause accident.
UNSAFE CONDITION
Inadequate supports or guards
Defective tools, equipment or supplies
Inadequate warning system
Poor housekeeping
Hazardous atmospheric conditions
Poor illumination/ventilation
Slippery floors
Excessive noise …….

SEQUANCE OF ACCIDENT OCCURANCE
The basic theory of accident occurrence -
1. An accident occurs due to an unsafe act or unsafe
condition or both.
2. Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions exist because of
human faults.
3. Faults of human are inherited due to
 Lack of knowledge and skill
 Lack of supervision
 Improper mechanical and physical
environment
Whenever an accident occurs there is always a
chain of events that occur in a logical and fixed
order
3 causes of accident
Reason behind Unsafe Action & Unsafe
Condition

How manage Health & Safety?
P-Plan D-Do
A-Act C-
Check
A C
DP

HSG 65 Health & Safety Management System Model
Developing Annual
H&S Planning &
Schedule for
implementation.
Information link
CONTROL LINK
POLICY
ORGANISING
PLANNING &
IMPLEMENTING
MEASURING
PERFORMANCE
AUDIT AND
REVIEW
REVIEWING
PERFORMANCE
Policy & Procedure
development
Setting clear responsibilities,
Organising employees (4Cs).
Feedback loop to
improve performance
Proactive and reactive
monitoring
Developing
techniques
of planning,
measuring
and
reviewing

HSG 65 Health & Safety Management System
1. POLICY OHS policy authorised by the organisations top management that clearly
states overall H&S objectives and commitment to improving H&S performances
AMANA OHS / IMS Policy Statements:
This Statement has been developed by AMANA to stress our belief that the effective implementation of Integrated Management
System (IMS) plays significant role in doing business and affirms our commitment to the continual improvement and to the
business excellence.
Amana is committed to:
Providing quality service to our customers by on-time completion of contracts, cost effectiveness, service up to the customers
satisfaction in accordance with the local regulations and following international standards.
Reducing impacts to Environmental contamination to acceptable levels by the strict adoption of the relevant international
standards and local regulations.
Providing particular attention to reduce the consumption of water and energy by involving employees on individual basis to follow
Reduce-Reuse-Recycle methodology and by participating in conservation / protection of the Environment.
Ensuring a safe and healthy work environment for employees by increasing awareness of safety measures.
The effective implementation of the Integrated Management System in compliance with ISO 9001:2008, OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO
14001:2004, and to monitor its continual improvement through regular training & developments, value added internal audits,
Customer feedback and through achieving set objectives and targets of each department.
AMANA Integrated Management System (IMS) policy is authorized by the General Manager.
The Policy and the associated procedures will be reviewed regularly and if necessary revised by the Management and communicated
to all the employees. The Policy will be prominently displayed at all AMANA workplaces and also made available in public.
Approved by:
Mohammad Bushnaq Date:26.04.2009
General Manager

2. ORGANISING To make an effective health and safety policy an organisation needs to
get staff involved and committed. This is often referred to as a 'positive
health and safety culture'.
4 Cs for Positive Health & Safety Culture:
Competence: recruitment, training , Qualification,
Experience, Knowledge.
Commitments & Control: allocating responsibilities,
securing commitment, instruction and supervision.
Co-operation: internally between individuals, groups,
departments including consultation with health and safety
representatives and externally between clients, suppliers,
contractors etc.
Communication: spoken, written and visible.

Engineer / Foremen Responsibilities in the context of a Generic HSE Plan:
1. Understanding the compliance of this safety plan and following the same in the day-to-
day activities.
2. Giving daily safety instructions to the workmen as a part of each job instructions,
highlighting the possible hazards and the necessary precautions to be taken.
3. Complying HSE Officer/Engineer’s recommendations given in his daily observation report
4. Maintaining work area neat and clean, with specific attention working at heights
keeping free from loose materials.
5. Taking an active part in the site safety meetings, when required.
6. Preventing horseplay of workmen.
7. Organizing “toolbox” talks to the workmen on a weekly basis and maintaining records
8. Identifying and eliminating all unsafe conditions in the work area by carrying out safety
inspections in the work area on a daily basis.
9. Sending the workmen employed by them on the first day itself to the HSE
Officer/Engineer for giving safety induction.
10.Maintaining all accident preventative measures in place and reporting any accidents /
incidents as required.

3. PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION
Planning is the key to ensuring that your health and safety efforts really work.
Planning for health and safety involves
1. Setting objectives,
2. Identifying hazards,
3. Assessing risks,
4. Safety procedures for hazardous operation
5. Implementing standards of performance and
6. Developing a positive culture.
It is often useful to record plans in writing.
Every AMANA projects are maintaining a project specific HSE Plan. We must
refer it to improve our HSE culture.

4. MEASURING PERFORMANCE
Measurement is essential to maintain and improve health and safety performance.
Two ways of measuring performance are
Workplace inspections
Environmental monitoring
Safety tours
Progress monitoring of objectives
Performance reviews
Review of training assessments
Management system audits
Health surveillance
Active / Proactive Monitoring:
Active monitoring is a way of looking at things before
things go wrong / Accidents

4. MEASURING PERFORMANCE
Reactive Monitoring: after something goes wrong;
Reactive monitoring measures failure (accidents, incidents, damage
to property, unsafe conditions)
Accident investigation
Accident incident rates
Ill health incident rates
Accident frequency rates
Accident severity rates
Sickness absence
Property or product damage
Incidents / near misses

5. REVIEWING PERFORMANCE
Internal and external audits complement
monitoring activities by determining whether the
health and safety policy, organisation and
systems are actually achieving the required
reliability and effectiveness.
An audit is not intended to identify all of the
hazards, it is intended as an evaluation of health
and safety management systems.

Step 1
Establish standards
for health & safety
management based
on risk assessment
and legal
requirements
Step 2
Implement plans to
achieve objectives
and standards
Step 4
Review against
objectives and
standards and take
appropriate action
Step 3
Measure progress
with plans and
compliance with
standards
A C
DP
PDCA Cycle
Plan
Do
Check
Act

Principle of Control in H&S

Tools to Control Health & Safety
Risk Assessment
Safe system of work
Permit to work system
Hierarchy of Control

Risk assessment is the process of identifying
and evaluating a hazard to determine the
level of action required to reduce a risk to
an acceptable level.
Risk Assessment
It is nothing more than a careful
examination of workplace Hazard, so that
we can evaluate whether the we have
taken enough precautions or are required
to take additional precautions, to prevent
harm occurring.
Uncontrolled Hazard
Risk / Harm
Controlled Hazards

Hazard: Something with the potential to cause harm such as
 A source – working at height,
 A substance –handling of chemicals,
 A part of a machine – circular saw blade,
 A method of work – lifting method,
 A form of energy, or a situation – overburden on the edge of excavation
Risk Assessment

 Risk is expressed as: Likelihood of
Occurrence × Severity of Hazard = Risk
 And the results are expressed in term of
quantity such as high risk, medium risk
and low risk.
Risk:
Risk Assessment
Harm:
Includes death, injury, physical or mental ill health,
damage to property or the environment, loss of
production or any combination of these
A measure of the likelihood that the
harm from a particular hazard will
occur, taking into account the
possible severity of the harm.

FIVE steps to RISK ASSESSMENT
1. Look for the Hazards
2. Decide who might be harmed and in what circumstances
3. Evaluate the risks, and the adequacy of existing controls
4. Record the significant findings
5. Review the assessment
1. Look for the Hazards
- Hazard type – Physical, Chemical, Biological, agronomical
- Hazard Sources – Materials, Equipments, Environment, People
- Hazard identification techniques – Workplace inspection,
Manufacturer instruction, MSDS

2. Decide who might be harmed and in what circumstances
 include visitors, public and new workers
3. Evaluate the risks, and the adequacy of existing controls
 Consider the likelihood and severity
 See the adequacy of existing control
 Consider Legal requirements, Generally accepted industry
standards
 Make the risk smaller
4. Record the significant findings
5. Review the assessment
 in case of new machine, substances and procedure introduced
 new legal requirements
FIVE steps to RISK ASSESSMENT

Sample of RISK ASSESSMENT

Term Injury type Value
Negligible Minor injury requiring no first-aid, no loss of materials 1
Firs-Aid Injury First-aid treatment required, no further loss of time 2
Minor Injury Injured person resumes his duties within 3 days.(< 3 days) 3
Major Injury (LTI) Major injury per event resulting in LTI (> 3 days). 4
Sever
Multiple major injuries, single severe/ disabling injury or
occupational illness
5
Fatality Single or multiple fatality per event 6
Value Status Description
6
Certain or
imminent
Constant exposure - Happens regularly on this site
5 Very likely Workers expected to use control measures every time (say PPE)
4 Likely Workers expected to adjust control measures every time
3 May happen
Control measures may break down, e.g. machinery or other
workers not taking required action
2 Unlikely
Multiple control measures where failure of one does not create
harm
1 Very unlikely Control measures unlikely to break down or be easily removed
Likelihood of harm:
Severity is the degree or
extent of injury or harm
caused by the hazards, or
as a result of an accident
Severity of harm:
Likelihood / Probability
of occurrence of an
accident or incident
or ill health
High (17-36)
Review urgently required to determine whether the risk can be removed or reduced, or the controls
improved
Medium (8-16)
Risks not acceptable, hazards and controls need investigation to consider reasonable practicable
improvements
Low (1-7) Acceptable
Risk Rating:

Example – Working at Height
The probability of falling off an edge is more likely the closer you are working to it
Likelihood = X
Severity = Y
Likelihood = X+X
Severity = Y
Likelihood = X+X+X
Severity = Y
SEVERETY - unchanged

Safe system of work
“A safe system of work is a formal procedure (refer – Safety
Plan, Operation control procedures, general procedures)
which results from a systematic examination of the task in
order to identify all the hazards.
It defines safe methods to ensure that hazards are eliminated
or risks minimised.”
Develop a safe system of work
1. Analyse the task
MEEP (Materials, Equipment and Plant, Environment, People)
2. Implement the system
3. Monitor the system

High risk activities including
Excavation
Hot work
Confined space entry
Live working
Hazardous areas
Maintenance operations
Pressurized systems
Permit to work
A PTW, part of safe system of work is a documented control system
requiring written confirmation that certain actions have been carried out
to eliminate or control the risks before a significant high risk activities.
PTW
•------
•------
HOT WORKConfined Space
ExcavationHazardous Energy

Format of a Permit to Work
 Issue
 Receipt
 Clearance and return to
service
 Cancellation
 Extensions / Revalidation
Permit Issuer: One who is authorized to issue
PTW, he must attend the required safety
trainings and approved by Project Manager.
Project / Site Engineer can be a PTW Issuer.
Permit Receiver: One who is authorized to
receive PTW, he must attend the required
safety trainings and approved by Project
Manager.
Foreman / Technician can be a PTW
Receiver.

General Hierarchy of Control Measures
The detailed management strategy identified in the principles of
prevention and is used specifically in the RISK ASSESSMENT to
decide the most effective measures in a particular situation.
The H&S measures should be considered in the following order of priority –
a useful memory aide is : ERIC Prevents Death)

Eliminate the Hazards:
Eliminate the task, e.g.;
- Buying a readymade components instead of homemade
Eliminate the hazard, e.g.;
- Using water instead of solvent based paints,
- Using mechanical lifting instead of manual lifting.
Reduce the Risk:
- Using 110 V electrical equipment instead of 240 V,
- Substituting a solvent based adhesive with water based
adhesive.
- Making 2 loads of 25 kg instead of one load of 50kg.
Safe
Place
Safe
Person
Safe
Place
Safe
PersonE R I C Prevents Death

Isolate the hazard and people
Isolate the hazard i.e. by enclosing or containing it. E.g.
- Guarding dangerous part of machine,
- Enclosing noisy part of machine,
Segregate the people i.e. keep the people away from the
hazard e.g.;
- Erecting barriers around excavation,
- Fitting guardrails to scaffolds,
Safe
Place
Safe
Person
Safe
Place
Safe

Control
Engineering control i.e. using engineering design to reduce the risks
e.g.
- Local exhaust ventilation to remove contamination,
- Using a RCD.
Changing work pattern or method e.g.; developing job rotation
systems to reduce exposure;
- Using noisy machine for short time only each day;
- Providing exclusion zones to reduce the number of person
exposed to a hazard;
Safe
Place
Safe
Person
Safe
Place
Safe

PPE: this is least effective means of controlling hazards
 All other options should be considered first and should be arranged wherever
possible PPE may then be used as a means of protecting from the risks that remain or
as a back up to the measured provided.
 Giving priority to Collective protective measures over individual protective
measures. E.g.;
-local exhaust ventilation systems rather provision of PPE (only)
Discipline: Discipline refers to the discipline of the individual workers to follow the system of
work in place and their training. e.g.;
- Obtain compliance with rules and following procedures.
Safe
Place
Safe
Person
Safe
Place
Safe

7 STEPS TO MANAGING
SAFETY IN THE WORK
PLACE

Principle of Accident Prevention

PRINCIPLES OF ACCIDENT PREVNETION
All accidents are caused they don’t just happen, if not
corrected the same type of accident will occur. All
accidents are preventable because they caused due to
1. PEOPLE (Human Failure in unsafe acts/ unsafe
conditions. )
2. MATERIAL
3. EQUIPMENT
4. ENVIRONMENT

Environment
Temperature, Lighting,
Noise, Ventilation etc.
Materials, Equipment, Environment and People
People
Systems
Training
Skills
Motivation
etc.
Equipment
Design
Ergonomics
Maintenance
Inspections etc.
Materials
Use
Handling
Storage
Transportation
Disposal etc.

The People –
 Be adequately trained and informed
 Be competent
 Adopt safe systems of work
 Use PPE provided
 Be aware of emergency procedures
 Be aware of the safety policy and supporting procedures
The Equipment and Machine –
 Regular inspections by competent persons
 No defective equipment to be used
 Adequate service and maintenance
 Records and reports maintained
 Adequate guarding provisions
 Proper handling, lifting & slinging
 Secured plant when in use and parked
 Hand tool inspection and maintenance

The working environment –
 Floors – clean, level, slip free, unobstructed
 Stairs, gangways & platforms – guarded and maintained
 Openings – edges & holes protected
 Projections & obstacles – protected
 Lighting – adequate
 Material storage – safe stacking
 Warning signs – suitable and sufficient
 Ventilation – adequate
 Waste – controlled accumulation
 Escape routes – suitably identified
 Safe systems of work – maintained
 Emergency equipment – suitable, sufficient & persons
trained in use.

Information & Instruction:
An effective means to motivate the employees towards safety.
As multilingual, multicultural employees are with us, therefore verities of
communication media should be used to overcome language barriers
and the inability of some employees to read
IITS – Information, Instruction, Training & Supervision
Formal - Safety
committees, audits,
inspections, Risk
assessments,
training etc
Informal - On the job
training, toolbox talks
Written - Minutes of
meetings,
newsletters, memos
Verbal - Instructions,
SSs of W, SOPs
Visual - Posters,
safety signs, hazard
warnings on
machinery, colour
coding

Training:
A best techniques to motivate the employees towards safety for a positive H&S
culture.
General Types of trainings:
1. Safety Induction Training
2. Daily / Weekly Tool Box Talk
3. Job Specific Training
4. 3rd Party Approved Safety Training
Training will give the employee a boost to his confidence while performing the
task.
Appropriate job skill & positive orientation of mind helps to reduce incident
rate.
Legal requirements – to inform significant
workplace hazards and measures

Supervision
Accident trends can be strongly influenced by providing
adequate training and supervision to control the worker and
his environment.
An ideal Supervisor:
1. Follow general Duty of Care
2. Perform as per his Safety Responsibilities
3. Observe hazards in his area
4. Communicate Safety Measures to his
employees
5. Report accidents / incidents
6. Believe – Safety is a team work and it is
everybody responsibility

11 SAFETY PRINCIPLES FOR SUPERVISION
 Plan safety into every job.
 Anticipate the unexpected - Anticipate.
 Identify hazards before an injury occurs.
 Correct unsafe acts or conditions on the spot.
 Discourage unsafe behaviors, Encourage Safe Behaviors!!
 Promote incident reporting in the early stages.
 Ensure employees have the proper tools for the job.
 Ensure employees follow established safety procedures.
 Conduct frequent safety inspections in the field.
 Consult with your safety representative when necessary.
 Give positive reinforcement for safe work.

Safety should be managed like other company function. Management
should direct the safety effort by setting achievable goals, by planning,
organizing and controlling to achieve them.
The key to effective line safety performance is management procedures
that fix accountability.
Basic Principle of Safety
Safety performance must be accurately measured. This measurement
must be proactive.
Safety is line management responsibility. Line managers / supervisors must
be held accountable for their group’ performance.
The organization must do whatever is necessary to ensure safety and
well being of its employee.

CONCLUSION
Let us analyze the hazards in
construction sites and take
necessary preventive HSE
measures to have a healthy, safe &
pollution free Project.
“Start Safe – Stay Safe”

Quiz
1. Safety policy must be authorised and signed by whom? – 1m
2. What are THREE good reasons to manage Health & Safety? - 3m
3. What is P-D-C-A Cycle? -4m
4. What are the FOUR major sources of Hazards? -4m
5. What is the single cause of accidents in construction sites, causing
approx 50% of all accidents? – 2m
6. What are FIVE Steps of Risk Assessments? -5m
7. What are general Hierarchy of Control? -5m Remember ERIC PD
8. T / F – PPE (Safety Helmets etc) should be given priorities over other
means of control. -2m
9. T / F – To reduce hazards 220V appliances should be replaced with
110V appliance. 2m
10. T / F – Public & Visitor must not required to be considered while Risk
Assessment. 2m

SESSION : 1 Health & Safety Management : An overview

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SESSION : 1 Health & Safety Management : An overview