PLS: Addressing Climate Change through Integrated Responses | Session 1
1. Virtual Peer Learning Summit
Addressing climate change through
integrated responses: Linking
adaptation and mitigation
While we get everyone into the room, please take
this opportunity to:
โ Think what you would like to gain from your
participation in the summit โ we suggest you
write this down!
โ Introduce yourself using the chat function.
If you have tech challenges, let us know in the chat
or email cburge@iisd.ca
2. Before we get startedโฆ
Due to bandwidth constraints,
please keep your cameras off
until invited to turn them on.
Please keep microphones muted until
invited to intervene. Use the chat box
to comment and ask questions.
Todayโs discussions will be
recorded for limited distribution.
They will not be posted publicly.
4. Welcome Remarks
BIRTE DERRIX
Policy Advisor on
Adaptation, German
Ministry of the
Environment, Nature
Conservation and Nuclear
Safety (BMU)
CHRISTIAN LEDWELL
Manager, NAP Global
Network
FELIPE GOMEZ
Technical Coordinator,
LEDS Global Partnership
6. Letโs get to know each other
In small groups
Introduce yourself and discuss
why are are you here
We will move you into breakout rooms
Please unmute and turn your video on
After 3 minutes we will move you to a
different room
Watch out for announcements at the
top of your screen!
7.
8. Todayโs agenda
Welcome
Framing: Strengthening
Linkages between
Adaptation and Mitigation
Individual reflection
Nature-based
Solutions: The
experience of Peru
Group Discussion
The Eastern
Caribbean
Experience
Panel Discussion
Individual
reflection
Looking
forward to
the next
Session
10. STRENGTHENING ADAPTATION-MITIGATION
LINKAGES FOR A LOW-CARBON, CLIMATE-
RESILIENT FUTURE
Catherine Gamper
Co-ordinator of the OECD Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation
4 May 2021
NAP global network and LEDS Peer Learning Summit
โAddressing Climate Change through Integrated Responses: Linking
Adaptation and Mitigationโ
Session 1: Integrated climate policy making: Framing the issue
11. Adaptation-mitigation linkages: two sides of the same coin?
โข Climate resilience requires mitigation and
adaptation actions
โข Mitigation and adaptation actions are often
(and should) be distinct efforts, but many of
them are linked;
โข Identifying linkages and designing policies
that maximise synergies enhances
effectiveness of climate resilience efforts
โWhile countries strive to scale up their
mitigation efforts, adaptation remains
indispensable to protect communities
from the detrimental impacts of climate
variability and change.โ (OECD, 2021)
12. โข Californian Camp Fire (2018): USD
25.5 billion in settlement payments by PG&E;
Adaptation-mitigation linkages: the case of infrastructure
Sources:
OECD, 2019 โBoosting Fiscal Resilience to Natural Disastersโ; OECD, 2014 โBoosting Resilience through Innovative Risk Governanceโ;
Infrastructure is affected by climate change
โข Hurricane Sandy (2012): 5.4 million
commuters without transport; 8.5 million
households without power;
13. โข 60-70% of global GHGโs emitted by power
plants, buildings and transport infrastructure
โข Infrastructure investment key behavioural
determinant (e.g. use of public transport)
Infrastructure development affects climate change
Low-carbon infrastructure:
โข Railways;
โข Renewable energy;
โข Clean tech aviation;
โข Light individual transport;
Source: International Transport Forum, 2020 โCOVID-19 Transport Brief.
Restoring air connectivity under policies to mitigate climate changeโ
Adaptation-mitigation linkages: the case of infrastructure
14. 14
Cities contribute and are subject to the impacts of environmental
degradationโฆ
ร Cities contribute to climate change;
ร Cities are most affected by the impacts of climate change;
ร Air pollution;
ร Water and land pollution;
ร Resource degradation
โฆ. But they also lead and contribute some of the most innovative
solutions to tackling these issues
Adaptation-mitigation linkages: the case of cities
15. Opportunities - Adaptation-mitigation linkages
Land
(eg urban planning;
EU Partnership on
Climate Adaptation)
Water
(e.g. hydropower;
International
Partnership for Blue
Carbon)
Waste
(e.g. waste to
compost projects);
Food
(e.g. soil restoration
measures; Farming
for a Better Climate
Initiative)
Adaptation
Mitigation
Source: www.iStockphoto.com
16. Adaptation-mitigation linkages: differences, synergies and
trade-offs
Source: (OECD 2021) Strengthening Adaptation-Mitigation Linkages for a Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Future
17. Nature-based solutions โ operationalising links
Decreasing sources &
increasing sinks of GhGs
Protecting against
climate risks
Boosting the economy
Enhancing human
wellbeing
Nature-based solutions are:
Measures that protect,
sustainably manage or restore
nature, with the goal of
maintaining or enhancing
ecosystem services to address
societal challenges
Source: (OECD 2021) Strengthening Adaptation-Mitigation Linkages
for a Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Future
18. โข Reduce urban heat
island effect
โข Reduce risk of flooding
from storm water
overflows
โข Reduce energy
needs due to
heating and
cooling
โข Reduce speed and
magnitude of
downstream flooding
โข Reduce erosion and
landslide risks
โข Carbon
sequestration and
storage
Mitigation benefits Adaptation benefits
Upstream
reforestation
Green roofs,
greenways
Nature-based solutions โ operationalising links
19. Good practice highlight: Stuttgart, Germany
โข Located in a valley basin with dense development on slopes;
โข Bad air quality; extreme heatwaves;
NbS fostered through:
โข Ventilation corridors;
โข Open and green space conversion or conservation;
โข New building codes: green measures for buildings (courtyards,
facades, urban gardens)
โข Blue infrastructure improved
Result
โข 39% of land is protected area (forests, trees, parks)
โข Extreme and more frequent heatwavesโ peak temperatures lowered;
Source:
https://www.stuttgart.de/leben/stadtentwicklung/stadt
planung/stadterneuerung/foerderprogramme-urbanes-
gruen.php
Nature-based solutions โ operationalising links
20. Adaptation-mitigation linkages โ trade-offs
Source: (OECD 2021) Strengthening Adaptation-Mitigation Linkages for a Low-Carbon, Climate-Resilient Future
21. Adaptation-mitigation linkages in climate policies
โข Linkages are increasingly
recognised in country climate
policies (NAP's, NDC's);
โข Linkages are most often
recognised in countriesโ policies
in agriculture, forestry and land
use, but rarely described more
concretely;
Good practice highlight: Italy provides a detailed list of
potential synergies and outlines actions that are
beneficial to both, such as the co-benefits of
sustainable mobility;
Adaptation-Mitigation linkages in climate actions across sectors
Source: OECD (2021), "Strengthening adaptation-mitigation linkages for a low-carbon, climate-resilient future", OECD
Environment Policy Papers, No. 23, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/6d79ff6a-en.
22. 22
Operationalising linkages through NbS: Persisting
challenges
In practice, NbS tend to be:
โข Implemented on an ad hoc basis
โข Not integrated in wider planning efforts
โข Little follow-up on effectiveness and performance
23. โข Improve co-ordination between mitigation and
adaptation stakeholders
โข Adjust reporting mechanisms by countries on their
climate actions in a way that they capture linkages
โข Continue to adapt decision-support tools to facilitate
alignment considerations for project managers
โข Document country practices more systematically
What can be done to maximise synergies?
24. Covid-19 Recovery provides an important
opportunity to capitalise on synergies and strive
to achieve climate resilience
Measures that reinforce adaptation and
mitigation synergies, including through NbS, can
create and sustain jobs, build a path for
sustainable and inclusive growth, offering
important co-benefits for human well-being and
the environment
Conclusions
28. Country Inputs:
Approaches to Integrated Climate Policy Making
CRISPIN DโAUVERGNE
Climate Change and Disaster
Risk Management Coordinator
(Organization of the Eastern
Caribbean States (OECS)
CRISTINA RODRIGUEZ
Director of Adaptation to
Climate Change and
Desertification (Ministry of the
Environment)
32. PERร LIMPIO
Comprehensive Climate Change Management in Peru
Incorporate actions to face
climate change in the country's
development process
based on the mandate of the Framework Law on
Climate Change
through public policies that are executed
in a participatory, multisectoral, multilevel and
multiactor spirit
33. PERร LIMPIO
PERร NATURAL
The Law and Regulations aim at the comprehensive
management of climate change, assigning responsibilities
at the national, regional and local levels.
One of the tools to strengthen adaptation to climate change
proposed by the Law and Regulations is the National
Adaptation Plan (NAP)
MINAM is the National Authority on Climate Change that
conducts its comprehensive management.
Framework Law on Climate Change
and its Regulations
The Law was promulgated on April 2, 2018. Its Regulations,
formulated through a participatory process and consultation
with indigenous peoples, was approved on December 31, 2019.
35. PERร LIMPIO
PERร NATURAL
Document constructed under a participatory and legitimacy process at the multisectoral,
multilevel and multiactor level at the national and sub-national level.
Results of the NAP process
Priorities
Conceptual
model
Active
participation
Conceptual and
methodological model
for the Adaptation
process in Peru with
contributions from
state and non-state
actors.
National risk scenarios
for climate-related
hazards in 2030 and
2050 to improve
territorial
prioritization of
adaptation measures.
We count with 92
NDCs for adaptation
to 2030 and 3
strategic objectives
with 13 strategic lines
of action with the
vision for 2050.
The pioneering
participatory process, for
having assumed a face-to-
face and virtual stage with
inclusive, multisectoral,
multilevel and multiactor
characteristics.
Climate-related
risk scenarios
36. PERร LIMPIO
PERร NATURAL
Subjects:
13 STRATEGIC ACTIONS
92 NDC measures
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
Reduce and/or avoid current and future damages, losses and alterations triggered by
climate-related hazards as well as to take advantage of the opportunities that climate
change offers for sustainable and resilient development.
Planning outcomes
Ecosystems, basins
and territories
Infrastructure,
goods and services
Populations and
their livelihoods
38. PERร LIMPIO
PERร NATURAL
92 Adaptation Measures 62 Mitigation Measures
The NDCs are the actions of each country to adapt to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. In this way, they contribute to the overall goal of the Paris Agreement.
Reduce the levels of vulnerability and
risk associated with climate change and
take advantage of its opportunities.
30% reduction in GHG emissions in 2030,
compared to 2010, and an additional 10%
conditional on international support
Peru's Climate Commitment (NDC)
39. PERร LIMPIO
PERร NATURAL
โข 7 NbS measures
(adaptation)
NDC
with
NbS
Forest
Water
Farming
โข 4 NbS measures
โข 6 NbS measures
Fishing โข 2 NbS measures
โข Peru has 33 NDC measures related to NbS of which 19 are climate change
adaptation measures, and 14 mitigation measures involving public and
private actors, academia and indigenous communities.
โข 14 NbS measures
(mitigation)
40. PERร LIMPIO
Implementation of water harvesting activities
that contribute to filtration, storage and
recharge of aquifers.
Ecosystem restoration to
maintain landscape
connectivity and reduce
impacts from extreme
weather events.
Management of natural grasslands to ensure
the feeding of the livestock and reduce their
vulnerability to climate change.
42. PERร LIMPIO
PERร NATURAL
Sinergies between adaptation and
mitigation measures
A single intervention, in either adaptation or mitigation, can have co-
benefits, for example a community forest management mitigation measure
can also have value in ecosystem resilience. We need to increase data
collection in order to identify these potential processes.
NbS actions are means to demonstrate synergies between mitigation and
adaptation, with results in favor of ecosystem services and development.
43. PERร LIMPIO
PERร NATURAL
Peru: Vanguard Country
In 2020 Peru was recognized as a vanguard country by the Nature-based Solutions
action track of the Global Adaptation Commission.
The experience
implementing NbS:
natural infrastructure
and EbA projects.
Commitment to scale NbS
in planning and public
policies such as the NAP, in
the Platform to face climate
change of indigenous
peoples, and our Law.
Demostration of a
commitment to contribute to
the Global Adaptation
Commission (GCA): Peru's
convening country of the GCA
44. PERร LIMPIO
Investing in natural infrastructure, to face the
risks associated with the climate, provides a
return on investment of 4 to 1.
Thus, between this year and towards 2030,
investments in resilient infrastructure could
generate $ 4.2 trillion in benefits.
Source: Global Commission for Adaptation, 2020.
NbS are a cost-effective solution
45. PERร LIMPIO
PERร NATURAL
Progress in the development of NbS
strategies
โข Framework Law on Climate Change and its Regulations
โข National Strategy for Climate Change.
โข 33 NDC at the National Level already related to NbS
โข Different guidelines and public investment tools that facilitate
investments in our natural capital.
โข Lessons learned from the experiences of AbE, Natural Infrastructure,
MERESE, Protected natural areas.
โข 5 EBA Projects in Protected natural areas
โข We are part of the international community on NbS to promote exchange
learning (GCA).
MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS
Actions
46. PERร LIMPIO
PERร NATURAL
They are instruments that allow generating,
channeling and investing in actions aimed at the
conservation, recovery and sustainable use of
ecosystems, as a source of ecosystem services.
Payment for ecosystem services
In Peru are implementing this as a
Payments for Ecosistem Services (MERESE
acronym in the Peruvian mechanism).
47. PERร LIMPIO
PERร NATURAL
Example of MERESE
Retribution
Benefit
Voluntary agreements
Contributor
Retributors
MERESE โ FIDA project: successful experience
through conservation and sustainable use
actions in high Andean ecosystems (pastures,
forests and wetlands).
Among the actions are: reforestation,
construction of barriers, distribution channels
and infiltration ditches.
37 conservation and recovery subprojects
financed ($ 1 563 853 aprox).
13 988.4 hectares to conserve and recover
(1 573 families benefited)
48. PERร LIMPIO
PERร NATURAL
Integrate the NbS concept into the main
climate change instruments, along with
further research on their outcomes
Implement enabling conditions and
interventions with a territorial,
multistakeholder & multisectoral,
approach.
Disseminate information about the
benefits of NbS, as more cost-effective
measures, to leverage financing.
What are our priorities related to NbS?
49. PERร LIMPIO
Cristina Rodrรญguez Valladares
Director of Adaptation to Climate Change and Desertification
General Direction of Climate Change and Desertification
51. The Eastern Caribbean is Vulnerable!
The Small Island developing states of the Eastern
Caribbean are particularly to the impacts of climate
change, that have the ability to devastate ecosystems and
infrastructure, ruin economies and undo and stymie
development.
Adaptation is therefore an urgent priority!
Photo: NOAA
Photo: The Guardian
52. โข Despite their miniscule greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions,
countries in the region are keen to pursue mitigation action
to:
โข Contribute to their own survival
โข Reduce energy costs
โข Reduce energy dependence
โข Flatten energy volatility
โข Protect the environment
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction also Makes Sense!
53. The Nexus between Adaptation and Mitigation
Opportunities exist in the region to blend adaptation and mitigation
54. 54
AIM: Increased deployment of renewable energy technologies
in support of corporate, household, national and regional goals
to increase energy and climate resilience while contributing to
the protection of the climate.
55. WHY SOLAR?
รผ Increasingly accepted as a viable and price-
competitive alternative source of energy
รผ Scalable from streetlight to household to grid
scale.
รผ Offers opportunities to engage stakeholders at all
levels
รผ Provides visibility for climate action taken
รผ Generates measurable results.
รผ Can come in the form of hurricane-proof
installations that promote both climate mitigation
and climate adaptation.
รผ Stands to benefit from a growing pool of expertise
in the region
รผ Benefits multiple sectors
56. At least 6.5 MW (subject to
review) of new S/M PV
installed in the Eastern
Caribbean
At least 0.45 MW installed on
public buildings in at least 9
MS (minimum of 50KW in
each of 9 MS)
At least 1.55 MW installed on
commercial/industrial and
residential buildings across the
OECS
By 2025
By 2023
By 2023
WORKING TARGET & TIMELINE