Sustainable tourism aims to meet the needs of tourists and host communities while preserving resources for future generations. It emerged in response to uncontrolled tourism growth damaging resources. Sustainable tourism principles include ecological sustainability to minimize environmental impacts, social and cultural sustainability to respect local communities, and economic sustainability to provide fair benefits to stakeholders. Tools to achieve sustainability include regulations, visitor management techniques, protected areas, carrying capacity calculations, and stakeholder consultation.

1. CHAPTER 1
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

2. INTRODUCTION
Is not a new form
of tourism
product.
Arise from
awareness of the
management
toward
uncontrollable
usage of tourism
resources.It’s one of the
management
approach in
managing tourism
development.
Learning about the
impacts of tourism
has led many
people to seek
more responsible
holidays.
Are applicable to
all forms of
tourism in all types
of destinations

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Introduce in early 80’s
Implication from ‘green development
approach’
Based on ‘Sustainable Development’
concept
Butler (1993)- prefer to used
‘Sustainable Tourism Development’
Were practice widely in 1990’s – ‘Globe
90’ convention at Vancouver, Canada
Try to solve problem that arise from
‘mass-tourism’
Supporting ‘alternative tourism’ and
‘eco-tourism’

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Hunter (1995) : Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) should:
● meet the needs and
wants of the local host
community in terms of
improved living standards
and quality of life
● satisfy the demands of
tourists and the tourism
industry, and continue to
attract them in order to
meet the first aim; and,
● safeguard the
environmental resource
base for tourism,
encompassing natural, built
and cultural components;
in order to achieve both
the preceding aims.

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WTO (2004) : Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) should:
Make optimal use of
environmental resources
that constitute a key
element in tourism
development, maintaining
essential ecological
processes and helping to
conserve natural heritage
and biodiversity
Respect the socio-cultural
authenticity of host
communities, conserve
their built and living
cultural heritage and
traditional values, and
contribute to inter-cultural
understanding and
tolerance

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WTO (2004) : Sustainable Tourism Development (STD) should:
Ensure viable, long-term
economic operations,
providing socio-economic
benefits to all stakeholders
that are fairly distributed,
including stable employment
and income-earning
opportunities and social
services to host
communities, and
contributing to poverty
alleviation.
Should also maintain a
high level of tourist
satisfaction and ensure a
meaningful experience to
the tourists, raising their
awareness about
sustainability issues and
promoting sustainable
tourism practices
amongst them.

7. WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?
Brundtland Report……..
“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs”
(World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) 1987,p.43)

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It contains within it two key concepts:
the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the
world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and
the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology
and social organization on the environment's ability to
meet present and future needs."

9. WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM?
Brundtland Report……..
“Sustainable Tourism is tourism that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs”
(World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) 1987,p.43)

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“Sustainable tourism development requires the informed
participation of all relevant stakeholders, as well as strong political
leadership to ensure wide participation and consensus building.
Achieving sustainable tourism is a continuous process and it
requires constant monitoring of impacts, introducing the necessary
preventive and/or corrective measures whenever necessary.
Sustainable tourism should also maintain a high level of tourist
satisfaction and ensure a meaningful experience to the tourists,
raising their awareness about sustainability issues and promoting
sustainable tourism practices amongst them. “
World Tourism Organization, 2004

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These include various
forms of alternative or
sustainable tourism
such as: ‘nature-
based tourism’,
‘ecotourism’ and
‘cultural tourism’.
Sustainable tourism is
becoming so popular
that some say that
what we presently call
‘alternative’ will be
the ‘mainstream’ in a
decade.
All tourism activities
of whatever
motivation – holidays,
business travel,
conferences,
adventure travel and
ecotourism – need to
be sustainable.
Sustainable tourism is the
concept of visiting a place as
a tourist and trying to make
only a positive impact on the
environment, society and
economy.
A key aspect is respect for
the people who call the
location home, the culture
and customs of the area, and
the socio-economic system.

12. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT & SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Sustainable
Development are
applicable to all
forms of tourism..
Sustainable
Development ensure
the tourism resources
are sustain.

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14. PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Ecological Sustainability
• The need to avoid or
minimize the environmental
impact of tourist activity.
Social Sustainability
• The ability of community, whether
local or national to absorb inputs,
such as extra people, for short or
long periods of time, and to
continue functioning either
without the creation of social
disharmony as a result of these
inputs or by adapting its functions
and relationships so that the
disharmony created can be
mitigated.
Culture Sustainability
• The mores of interaction, the
styles of life, the customs
and traditions are all subject
to change through the
introduction of visitors with
different habits, styles,
customs and means of
exchange. The culture may
be irreversibly altered.

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Economic
Sustainability
A level of economic
gain from activity
sufficient either cover
the cost of any special
measures taken to
cater the tourist and
to mitigate the effects
of the tourist
presence or to offer
an income
appropriate to the
inconvenience caused
to the local
community visited.
The Education
Element
The difference
between the
new forms of
tourism and
conventional
tourism is found
in an element
of educational
input into the
activity.
Local
Participation
Local
participation in
sustainable
tourism. Six
different types of
participation
ranging from
passive
participation to
self mobilization.
The Conservation Element
Add the conservation element to protect
tourism destinations.

16. BENEFITS OF
SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM
Preserve tourism resources
To ensure equilibrium of ecosystem
To increase participation from host community
To improve host community quality of life
To increase level of tourist satisfaction

17. TOOLS OF SUSTAINABILITY
INDUSTRY
REGULATION
VISITOR
MANAGEMENT
TECHNIQUES
AREA
PROTECTION
CARRYING
CAPACITY
CALCULATIONS
CONSULTATION /
PARTICIPATION
TECHNIQUES
CODES OF
CONDUCT
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
ASSESSMENT
(EIA)
SUSTAINABILITY
INDICATORS
Martin Mowforth
and Ian Munt
(Tourism And
Sustainablity, 2003)

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• A scenic or historically important area of
countryside protected by the federal
government for the enjoyment of the
general public or the preservation of
wildlife.
National park
• An area of land that is protected and
managed in order to preserve a
particular type of habitat and its flora
and fauna which are often rare or
endangered.
Wildlife reserves
• Areas comprising terrestrial, marine
and coastal ecosystems.
Each reserve promotes solutions
reconciling the conservation of
biodiversity with its sustainable use.
Biosphere reserves
• An area designated for people to visit
and enjoy recreation in a countryside
environment.
Country park
AreaProtection

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• An area of countryside in England, Wales or Northern
Ireland which has been designated for conservation
due to its significant landscape value.
Area of outstanding natural beauty
(AONB)
• Are the basic building block of site-based nature
conservation legislation and most other legal
nature/geological conservation designations in the
United Kingdom are based upon them, including
national nature reserves, Ramsar sites, Special
Protection Areas, and Special Areas of Conservation.
Sites of special scientific interest
Cont……..AreaProtection

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Government
legislation
is law which has been promulgated
(or "enacted") by a legislature or
other governing body or the
process of making it.
Professional
association
regulations
is usually a non profit organization
seeking to further a
particular profession, the interests
of individuals engaged in
that profession and the public
interest.
IndustryRegulation

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International
regulation
and control
Voluntary
self-
regulation
Corporate
social
responsibility
refers to business practices involving
initiatives that benefit society. A
business's CSR can encompass a wide
variety of tactics, from giving away a
portion of a company's proceeds to
charity, to implementing "greener"
business operations.
Industry Regulation

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Zoning
The principal method used to deploy visitors and
hence it is critical in achieving the appropriate
combination of concentration and dispersal.
Designed to allocate geographical areas for
specific levels and intensities of human activities
and of conservation.
Honey pots
A location attracting a large number
of tourists who, due to their numbers,
place pressure on the environment and
local people. Honeypots are frequently
used by cities or countries to manage
their tourism industry.
Visitor dispersion
The action or process
of distributing tourist
over a wide area.
Channelled visitor
flow
Designed to regulate
the way visitors access
at surrounding area to
avoid the environmental
destruction.
Restricted entry
Use limit are direct
restrictions on the
number of people that
may enter a recreation
area.
Vehicle restriction
Manage and regulate
vehicle use in parks to
conserve nature and to
ensure the ecologically
sustainable.
Differential pricing
structures
Involves establishing
two or more prices for
the same recreation
opportunity to maximize
income.
VisitorManagementTechniques

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ( EIA )
Overlays
Matrices
Mathematical models
Cost-benefit analysis ( COBA )
The materials balance model
The planning balance sheet
Rapid rural appraisal
Geographic information system (GIS )
Environmental auditing
Eco-labelling and certification

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Carrying Capacity Calculations
 Physical carrying capacity
 Ecological carrying capacity
 Social carrying capacity
 Environmental carrying capacity
 Real carrying capacity
 Effective or permissible carrying capacity
 Limits of acceptable change (LACs)
Consultation / Participation Techniques
 Meeting
 Public attitude surveys
 Stated preference surveys
 Contingent Valuation Method
 The Delphi technique
Codes of Conduct
 For the tourist
 For the industry
 For the host
- Government
- Communities
 Best practice example
Sustainability Indicators
 Resource use
 Waste
 Local production
 Access to basic human needs
 Access to facilities
 Freedom from violence and oppression
 Access to decision-making process
 Diversity of natural and culture life
 Holiday foot printing

25. PUSH FACTORS
OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Factors pushing the tourism industry
towards sustainable development
An increase in
regulatory
pressure and
awareness of cost
savings from
prudent resource
consumption
Awareness by
governments and
businesses that
growth in tourism
could threaten
some of the
world’s pristine
environments and
prime
destinations
Tourism
professionals now
consider
environmental
quality essential
to the delivery of
their product

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Sustainable tourism is
poorly defined in practical
terms
Sustainability issues are not
a key factor in tourist
decision making
The industry is fragmented,
mainly comprised of small
businesses who do not
consider environmental
issues a priority
A belief that generic
certification programmes
do not address the specific
needs of the tourism
industry
Reasons the travel and
tourism industry was slow to
respond to the sustainable
development agenda

27. CONCLUSION
1) Make optimal use of environmental resources that constitute a key
element in tourism development, maintaining essential ecological
processes and helping to conserve natural heritage and
biodiversity.
2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities,
conserve their built and living cultural heritage and traditional
values, and contribute to inter-cultural understanding and
tolerance.
3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-
economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed,
including stable employment and income-earning opportunities
and social services to host communities, and contributing to
poverty alleviation.