1. Solar tracking system
Under the esteemed guidance of
T.Lakshmana Rao, M. Tech.,
Assistant Professor, department of E.C.E
presented by:
T.SRIRAMULU NAIDU(09511A0446)
B.VENUKUMARI (09511A0402) D.SIVAJI(09511A0410)
G.RAMYA(08511A0413) T.PAVAN KUMAR(09511A0445)

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT BACKGROUND
MAIN OBJECTIVE
COMPARISON OF ENERGY SOURCES
WORKING PROCEDURE
BLOCK DIAGRAM
SOLAR TRACKER SOLVING
ALGORITHM
PROGRAM DUMPER
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 8051
LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR
ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVERTER
L293D MOTOR DRIVER
DC SERIES MOTOR
LCD DISPLAY
CONCLUSION

3. ABSTRACT
 Extracting useable electricity from the sun was made possible by the discovery
of the photoelectric mechanism and subsequent development of the solar cell.
 Light gathering is dependent on the angle of incidence of the light source
providing power (i.e. the sun) to the solar cell’s surface and the closer to
perpendicular, the greater the power.
 we see the need to maintain the maximum power output from the panel by
maintaining an angle of incidence as close to 0 as possible.

4. “SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM” - Used to control and set the moment
of solar panels.
This system uses DC motor to control the angle of rotation of the
panels.
Rotation of DC motor through the desired angle is achieved by using
Kiel cross compiler.
INTRODUCTION

5. PROJECT BACKGROUND
Why should the solar panel face the most illuminating source of light?
 TO Increase Solar Panel Output
 Maximize Power per unit Area

6. Main Objectives
 Position the Solar Panels so that they will acquire maximum energy from
a light source.
 Store the acquired energy into batteries, and use the batteries to control
the rest of the system when the solar energy is absent.
 In no-light or low-light conditions design the system to go into sleep
mode so that energy is not wasted.
Solar Panel Output

8. WORKING PROCEDURE

11. BLOCK DIAGRAM

12. SOLAR TRACKER SOLVING ALGORITHM

14. OUR PROJECT

15.  256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
Features of AT89S52 microcontroller:
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

16.  The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller.
 The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density non-
volatile memory technology.

17. PROGRAM DUMPER

18. Block Diagram of 8051

19. LIGHT Dependent RESISTOR
 Light sensors are among the most common sensor type.
 The sun tracker uses a cadmium sulfide photo cell for light sensing .
 To utilize photo cell, it is placed with a resistor.

20. ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER [ADC]
Features of ADC
Key Specifications
0809ADC
 Hi-speed
 High accuracy
 Easy interface to all microprocessors
 Resolution 8-bits
 Single supply 5v DC
 Low power 15mW

21. MOTOR DRIVER CIRCUIT

22. DC SERIES MOTOR
WHAT DOES DC SERIES MOTOR DO
Like any other motor, series motors convert electrical energy to
mechanical energy. Its operation is based on simple electromagnetic
principle by which when the magnetic field created around a current
carrying conductor interacts with an external magnetic field, a
rotational motion is generated.
A typical DC motor layout is given in the following diagram:

23. FEATURES:
 Rpm : 300 at 12v
 DC supply: 3 to 12V
 Output shaft: Centre.
 Motor diameter: 38 mm.
 No-load current = 60 mA, Load current = 300 mA

24. LCD DISPLAY
 Interface with 4-bit/8-bit microprocessor.
Display data ram [80 characters].
 Character generator rom [160 characters].
.

25. APPLICATIONS
 Used in water heaters.
Used in inverters[AC-DC].
ADVANTAGES
 The solar tracker system provides numerous applications in the field of industrial.
 Its main application lies in the industrial processes like energy stations and
powerhouses for the production of electricity.
DRAWBACKS
 Tracker is effected by temporal variation in atmospheric refraction caused by
rain, cloud.
 It leads to wrong positioning of solar panel.

26. CONCLUSION
To collect greatest amount of energy from sun, solar panels must be
aligned orthogonally to sun.
For this purpose a new solar tracking technique based on micro-
controller was implemented and tested in this study.

27. REFERENCES
 Bailis, Robert. “Wood in Household Energy Use”. Encyclopedia of Energy.
2004. Pages 516, & 518.
 Ackermann, T., Andersson, G., Söder, L. “Distributed generation: a definition”.
Electric Power Systems Research. April 2000. Page 195.
 Banerjee, “Comparison of Options for Distributed Generation in India”. Energy
Policy. Pages 105-110.
 http://www.solarpoweristhefuture.com
 http://www.scientificamerican.com
 http://www.linak.com/products
 http://www.thesolarguide.com
 Solar Energy – Principles of thermal collection & storage By S P Sukhatme