includes, nasal cavity, histology , embryology and gross anatomy of tongue and nose,

1. Dr Laxman Khanal
MS- Human Anatomy
Date: 19- June- 2012
6/19/2012 1212413114 1

2.  Which epithelium lines the nasal cavities ?
 How many pair of pharyngeal arches persists
in human embryo?
 Median cleft lip is due to failure of fusion of
which processes?
 Which one is the largest nasal meatus ?
 Name the muscle attached to the nose.
 Name the largest vessel supplying nasal cavity.
6/19/2012 1212413114 2

3.  Which of the tongue papilla does not contain
taste buds?
 What is the safety muscle of tongue?
 Lymphatic of tip of the tongue drains to which
lymph node?
 Anterior 2/3rd of tongue is related with which
pharyngeal arch?
 What is ankyloglossia ?
6/19/2012 1212413114 3

4. 6/19/2012 1212413114 4

5.  Nose – gross anatomy/ functions
 Nose – embryology
 Nose – vascular/nerve supply
 Tongue – gross anatomy/functions
 Tongue – embryoogy
 Tongue – vascular/ nerve supply
 Clinical coorelation
6/19/2012 1212413114 5

6. 6/19/2012 1212413114 6

7.  Made up of external nose , nasal septum and a
pair of nasal cavities.
 Nasal cavities open through nares anteriorly
and choanae posteriorly.
 Nasal cavities separated from each other by
nasal septum, from oral cavity by hard palate
and from skull by skull bones(FSE).
6/19/2012 1212413114 7

8.  Lateral to nasal cavities lies the orbit
 Each nasal cavities has lateral wall, medial
wall, roof and floor.
 Nose is formed by
 Cartilage - septal, alar and lateral
 Bones
 Skin(up to vestibules) and inner mucosal lining
6/19/2012 1212413114 8

9. 6/19/2012 1212413114 9

10. 6/19/2012 1212413114 10

11. 6/19/2012 1212413114 11

12. 6/19/2012 1212413114 12

13.  Sphenoethmoidal recess- sphenoid sinus
 Superior meatus
 Posterior ethmoidal sinus
 Middle meatus
 Anterior and middle ethmoidal sinus
 Maxillary and Frontal sinus
 Inferior meatus- NLD
6/19/2012 1212413114 13

14. 6/19/2012 1212413114 14

15. 6/19/2012 1212413114 15

16. The nose is formed from five facial prominences:
the frontal prominence gives rise to the bridge;
the merged medial nasal prominences provide
the crest and tip; and the lateral nasal
prominences form the sides (alae)
6/19/2012 1212413114 16

17. 6/19/2012 1212413114 17

18. 6/19/2012 1212413114 18

19. 6/19/2012 1212413114 19

20. Paranasal air sinuses develop as diverticula of the
lateral nasal wall and extend into the
maxilla, ethmoid, frontal, and sphenoid bones. They
reach their maximum size during puberty and
contribute to the definitive shape of the face.
6/19/2012 1212413114 20

21.  Both external and internal carotid arteries
 Maxillary artery
 Sphenopalatine artery- major vessel
 Greater palatine artery
 Facial artery
 Superior labial
 Lateral nasal
6/19/2012 1212413114 21

22.  Ophthalmic artery
 anterior ethmoidal
 Posterior ethmoidal
In the anterior region of the medial wall there are
anastomoses between branches of the greater
palatine, sphenopalatine, superior labial, and
anterior ethmoidal arteries, and where the vessels
are relatively close to the surface . This is the major
site of epistaxis (Little’s area or kisselbach’s area)
6/19/2012 1212413114 22

23. 6/19/2012 1212413114 23

24.  Olfactory nerve – smell
 Maxillary nerve – general sensation
 Ophthalmic nerve – general sensation
 Facial nerve – parasympathetic and motor
 T1 – sympathetic supply
Pterygopalatine ganglion- parasympathetic
ganglion
6/19/2012 1212413114 24

25. 6/19/2012 1212413114 25

26.  Anterior part of nose
 Submandibular lymph nodes
 Posterior part of nose
 Upper deep cervical
 Retropharyngeal (sometime)
6/19/2012 1212413114 26

27. 6/19/2012 1212413114 27

28. 6/19/2012 1212413114 28

29. 6/19/2012 1212413114 29

30. 6/19/2012 1212413114 30

31.  Mobile muscular
organ attached to the
mandible, hyoid and
skull by muscles.
6/19/2012 1212413114 31

32.  Root- post 1/3rd
 Lingual tonsil
 Foramen caecum
 Sulcus terminalis
 Body-ant 2/3rd
 Apex
 Lingual papilla
6/19/2012 1212413114 32

33. 6/19/2012 1212413114 33

34.  Extrinsic muscles  Intrinsic muscles
 Genioglossus  Superior longitudinal
 Hyoglossus  Inferior longitudianal
 Styloglossus  Transverse
 Palatoglossus  Vertical
Attached to the bone No bony attachment
and Changes the and Changes the
movement of tongue shape of the tongue
6/19/2012 1212413114 34

35. 6/19/2012 1212413114 35

36.  Each pharyngeal arch is supplied by its own
cranial nerve.
 1- trigeminal nerve (mandibular nerve)
 2- facial nerve.
 3- glossopharyngeal nerve.
 4- superior laryngeal branch of Vagus nerve.
 6- recurrent branch of Vagus nerve
6/19/2012 1212413114 36

37.  Body – from tuberculum impar and two
lingual swellings. Related with first pharyngeal
arch.
 Root – from hypobrachial eminence (copula).
Related with 2nd and 3rd arch but 3rd arch
overlies the 2nd.
 Posterior most part derived from 4th arch.
 Muscles- from occipital myotomes.
6/19/2012 1212413114 37

38. 6/19/2012 1212413114 38

39. Arterial supply Venous drainage
 Lingual artery –  Dorsal lingual vein
branch of external  Deep lingual vein
carotid artery Both drain to the IJV
6/19/2012 1212413114 39

40. 6/19/2012 1212413114 40

41.  Anterior 2/3rd
 General sensation- lingual nerve
 Taste – chorda tympani
 Posterior 1/3rd
 General sensation- glossopharyngeal nerve
 Taste – glossopharyngeal nerve
6/19/2012 1212413114 41

42.  Motor supply to all muscles by 12th nerve
except………
 Vallate papillae are innervated by 9th nerve
 Taste sensation from posterior most part of
tongue is carried out by 10th nerve
6/19/2012 1212413114 42

43.  Post 1/3rd – jugulo-omohyoid
 Ant 2/3rd - Submandibular lymph nodes.
 Tip of tongue- submental lymph nodes.
6/19/2012 1212413114 43

44. Median cleft lip
A rare abnormality, is caused by incomplete merging
of the two medial nasal prominences in the midline.
This anomaly is usually accompanied by a deep
groove between the right and left sides of the nose.
6/19/2012 1212413114 44

45. 6/19/2012 1212413114 45

46. Oblique facial clefts
produced by failure of the maxillary prominence to
merge with its corresponding lateral nasal
prominence. When this occurs, the nasolacrimal
duct is usually exposed to the surface.
6/19/2012 1212413114 46

47.  epistaxis
 Anosmia
 DNS
 Allergic rhinitis
6/19/2012 1212413114 47

48. 6/19/2012 1212413114 48

49.  Lingual thyroid-
thyroid tissue is
present on the base of
tongue between
circumvallate papillae
and epiglottis.
6/19/2012 1212413114 49

50.  Ankyloglossia
Limited tongue
movement secondary
to the abnormal
attachment to the
floor of mouth. Also
has familiar pattern.
6/19/2012 1212413114 50

51.  Hairy tongue
elongation and
hyperkeratosis of
filiform papillae
resulting in hairy
appearance. Common
in anterior to
circumvallate
papillae.
6/19/2012 1212413114 51

52.  Fissured or Scrotal or
Plicated tongue.
 Associated with
Melkersson-
Rosenthal syndrome.
6/19/2012 1212413114 52

53.  Lingual varicosities
 dilated tortuous vein
on ventral surface of
tongue.
 Associate with
cardiopulmonary
disease and aging
process.
6/19/2012 1212413114 53

54.  Syphilis chancre
 Associated with Non
tender
lymphadenopathy.
 Primary syphilis
6/19/2012 1212413114 54

55.  Syphilis Gumma
 Painless ulcer in
tertiary syphilis.
6/19/2012 1212413114 55

56.  Erythema migrans
or Geographic tongue
the lesions persist for a
short time in one
area, then disappear
completely and
reappear in another
area.
6/19/2012 1212413114 56

57. 6/19/2012 1212413114 57