Internet architecture
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It tells you about how internet works.
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Internet architecture
- 2. Fortunately, nobody owns the Internet, there is no centralized control, and nobody can turn it off. Its evolution depends on rough consensus about technical proposals, and on running code. Engineering feed-back from real implementations is more important than any architectural principles.
- 3. Internet The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" A better way for us to start visualizing the Internet is as an opaque cloud to which hosts connect. The power of the Internet is from respecting the end-to-end principle.
- 4. What is the Internet architecture? It is by definition a meta-network, a constantly changing collection of thousands of individual networks intercommunicating with a common protocol. A short form of the compound word "inter-networking". This architecture is based in the very specification of the standard TCP/IP protocol, designed to connect any two networks which may be very different in internal hardware, software, and technical design.
- 5. Internet Path An individual's access to the Internet is often from home over a modem to a local Internet service provider who connects to a regional network connected to a national network. Individual Modem(router) Local internet network National Network Regional Network
- 6. Data Communication • Data Communication means the exchange of between two or more devices via some transmission medium. • Main components of data communication Sender Receiver Station 1 Station 2 Protocol Rules ------ ------ -- Transmission Medium (Cable wire, Fibre Optics, etc.)
- 8. Protocols – End systems, routers, and other pieces of the Internet, run protocols that control the sending and receiving of information within the Internet. – TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet protocol) are two of the most important protocols in the Internet. – The Internet’s principal protocols are collectively known as TCP/IP Protocol Suite. Hi Hi Got the time? 2:00 TCP connection req TCP connection response <file> time
- 9. OSI layer Model 7 Layers 7. Application Layer - Cables 6. Presentation Layer - Ethernet 5. Session Layer - IP 4. Transport Layer – TCP/UDP 3. Network Layer 2. Data Link Layer 1. Physical Layer All People Seem To Need Data Processing
- 10. TCIP/IP Model 4 Layers 4. Application Layer FTTP, HTTP,…. 3. Transport Layer TCP, VDP, SCTP 2. Internet Layer ARP, RARP, ICMP, IGMP 1. Network Interface layer
- 11. Internet Layer • Packaging • Addressing • Routing
- 12. IP Address • 4 bytes – e.g. 163.1.125.98 – Each device normally gets one (or more) – In theory there are about 4 billion available An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing.
- 13. Routing • How does a device know where to send a packet? – All devices need to know what IP addresses are on directly attached networks – If the destination is on a local network, send it directly there • If the destination address isn’t local – Most non-router devices just send everything to a single local router A router receives chunk of information from one of its incoming communication link and forwards it to one of its outgoing communication link.
- 14. Continue… • Routers (nodes) are devices on multiple networks that pass traffic between them • Individual networks pass traffic from one router or endpoint to another • Responsible for end to end transmission • Sends data in individual packets • Maximum size of packet is determined by the networks
- 15. Terms to familiarize • Domain name • DNS Lookup • Reverse DNS Lookup • DNS Server • HTTP
- 16. Interaction with Internet • Suppose you type http://www.flipkart.com
- 17. Working Flipkart.com DNS Lookup DNS Server Destination
- 18. Firewall • A choke point of control and monitoring • Interconnects networks with differing trust • Imposes restrictions on network services – only authorized traffic is allowed • Auditing and controlling access – can implement alarms for abnormal behavior • Itself immune to penetration • Provides perimeter defence
- 19. Food for thought! Internet vs. internet Difference between: internet, intranet and extranet LAN vs. WAN Why Circuit Switching is not appropriate for data traffic?
- 20. Thank You By: Md. Zeeshan Naman Rastogi
Editor's Notes
- It consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web
- Meta network= network of network
- Star Mesh Bus Ring
- A Protocol is a set of rules and regulations that governs the exchange of information between two or more entities.
- IP : Internet Protocol Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model UDP : User Datagram Protocol RTP, traceroute TCP : Transmission Control Protocol HTTP, FTP, ssh. You don’t need to know the layers just the idea that it is layered.
- TCP/IP stands for = Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
- 4 byte= 32 bit
- Domain: Name of an IP DNS Lookup: Converting domain into its respective IP DNS Server: Server that handles the DNS lookup queries HTTP: Protocol used by browser to communicate with websites. Rules of communication with websites All web application on your computer open something known as virtual port to communicate with remote. You can check it by typing netstat –n in cmd. Virtual ports are part of TCP/IP networking.
- DNS Lookup: ping flipkart.com in cmd.
- Intranet is shared content accessed by members within a single organization. Extranet is shared content accessed by groups through cross-enterprise boundaries. Internet is global communication accessed through the Web Internet: Global net. Internet: national net Circuit Switching: Inefficient (for data traffic) Set up (connection) takes time