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CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
Application of Nanotechnology for
Enhancing Oil Recovery: Nanofluids/
Smart Fluids
Dr. Narendra Kumar Agnihotra
TCE QSTP-LLC, Doha, Qatar
Email: nkagnihotra@tce.co.in
Offshore Middle East Conference 21-23 January, 2013, Doha, Qatar
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
World Oil Scenario
 Proven oil reserves currently stand at 1,197.7 billion barrels
 ~ 81% of total proven oil reserve available in the world
 ~ 7.0x1012 barrel of oil will remain in oilfields
Source: OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin, 2012
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
 Only 40-50% oil can be recovered through available technologies
Secondary
 Injecting fluids to increasing the pressure
Tertiary
 Injecting steam to heating oil
and reduce viscosity
 Pumping CO2 to reduce
Pressure & reduce viscosity
Other stages
 Injecting Chemical agents/
Polymer Surfactants etc to
reduce surface tension,
wettability, interfacial tension etc
Primarily  10-15% recovery by buoyancy force
State of Art Technologies
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
What is Nanotechnology?
1 Nanometer = 10-9 meter
- Billionth part of meter
 Control / manipulation of materials on an atomic / molecular scale
- Normally dealing with sizes of 1 to 100 nanometers
- Fabrication of device / system within the nanometer length scale
 Nanotechnology is
Engineering with
molecules and atoms
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
Applications: Oil & Gas Industry
 Better Equipment
 Nanotubes :Lighter, stronger and
corrosion-resistant structural materials
in platforms for offshore drilling
 Silicon carbide, a ceramic powder,
exceptionally hard materials harder,
wear-resistant and more durable
drilling equipment
 Small drill-hole evaluation instruments to
reduce drilling costs and to provide
greater environmental sensitivity
because of less drill waste.
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
 New Sensors for Improving Exploration
 Reliable/economical sensors from optical
fibers for measuring temperature, pressure,
oil-flow rate and acoustic waves in oil wells
 “Nanodust” to provide data on reservoir
characterization, fluid-flow monitoring and
fluid-type recognition.
 Explore more oil reserves sites
 Remove harmful toxic substances such as NOx,
SOx and VOC from oil vapor and mercury, Cd,Pb
from soil and water
 Remove Controlled agglomeration of particles
 Polyimide (PI)/TiO2 membranes for gas separation
 Nano filters & Nano membranes
Nano filters
Sensors
Applications: Oil & Gas Industry
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
Applications: Oil & Gas Industry
 Ceramic and intermetallic nanocoatings :
Nanomaterials coatings: Anti-wear for
drilling parts, corrosion-resistance, wear-
resistance, shock-resistance, enhanced
thermal conductivity
 Designer properties to enhance hydro-
phobic or hydrophilic behavior, to enhance
materials for waterflood applications
roller-cone with bits for oil drilling
 Catalysts :Nano-catalysts may also offer a
solution for on-site upgrading of bitumen and
heavy crude oil
 Heavy oil will be converted into the light oil gas
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
What is Nanofluid/Smart fluid?
 New class of fluids
 Dilute liquid suspension of nanostructured materials (<100nm) in base
fluid.
 Not simply liquid –solid mixture
 High Specific properties such as durable & stable suspension, no
agglomeration & chemical change in fluid
 Enhancing magnetic, electrical and thermal conductivity
 Nanoemulsion as “Smart fluid”
 Ferro fluids, suspension of nano-sized magnetic particles, are
magnetically controllable smart fluids and used in improving oil recovery
by enhancing surfactant flooding
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
Nanofluid/Smart fluid
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
Complex phenomenon of nanofluids
 Promise large-scale performance gains from tight reservoirs
 Efficiently Heavy crude oil exploration
 Reduce surface tension in the range of 70-90% on oil boundary in
comparison with active agent aqueous solution
Nanofluids possess enhanced
thermophysical properties
 Thermal conductivity,
 Thermal diffusivity,
 Viscosity
 Convective Heat transfer
coefficients
Nanofluids: Specific Properties
Thermophysical Properties
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
Rheological curve of anionic surfactant aqueous solution without
addition and with addition of nanoparticles
 Viscosity of surfactant aqueous solution became more than double by
adding the nanoparticles
Flow Characteristic & Interfacial Tension
 Presence of nanoparticles changes rheological properties and increases the
effect of surfactant solutions on oil recovery processes
 Presence of nanoparticles reduces the interfacial tension
Source: Suleimanov et al, 2011, JPSE 78, 431–437
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
Chatzis & Morrow SPEJ (1994,561)
Oil Recovery Vs Capillary Number
 Wettability alteration, advanced drag reduction and binders for sand consolidation
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
Comparison of finite oil recovery, %OOIP (Original Oil in Place) from
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous pore medium
 In homogeneous medium, finite oil recovery increases 17% compared to
water and 12% compared to surfactant solution
Nanofluids: Improved Oil Recovery
 Similarly, in heterogeneous medium, the finite oil recovery increases
17% and 22% compared to surfactant and water.
Source: Suleimanov et al, 2011, JPSE 78, 431–437
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
Concluding Remarks
 Nanoscience & Interfacial Engineering can lead to new development in
Oil & Gas Industry
 New surfactants, nanomaterials are required to recover the immobile oil
from tight reservoir and to improve oil and gas production in an
economical way.
 Nanofluid can provided solutions for EOR from exhausted oil rigs
 Nanocatalyst can help to increase the production of Upstream &
downstream units with environment friendly approaches.
 Extensive research required to improve the materials for oil & gas
Industries.
CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED
Thank You

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Application of nanotechnology for enhancing oil recovery presentation

  • 1. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Application of Nanotechnology for Enhancing Oil Recovery: Nanofluids/ Smart Fluids Dr. Narendra Kumar Agnihotra TCE QSTP-LLC, Doha, Qatar Email: nkagnihotra@tce.co.in Offshore Middle East Conference 21-23 January, 2013, Doha, Qatar
  • 2. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED World Oil Scenario  Proven oil reserves currently stand at 1,197.7 billion barrels  ~ 81% of total proven oil reserve available in the world  ~ 7.0x1012 barrel of oil will remain in oilfields Source: OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin, 2012
  • 3. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED  Only 40-50% oil can be recovered through available technologies Secondary  Injecting fluids to increasing the pressure Tertiary  Injecting steam to heating oil and reduce viscosity  Pumping CO2 to reduce Pressure & reduce viscosity Other stages  Injecting Chemical agents/ Polymer Surfactants etc to reduce surface tension, wettability, interfacial tension etc Primarily  10-15% recovery by buoyancy force State of Art Technologies
  • 4. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED What is Nanotechnology? 1 Nanometer = 10-9 meter - Billionth part of meter  Control / manipulation of materials on an atomic / molecular scale - Normally dealing with sizes of 1 to 100 nanometers - Fabrication of device / system within the nanometer length scale  Nanotechnology is Engineering with molecules and atoms
  • 5. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Applications: Oil & Gas Industry  Better Equipment  Nanotubes :Lighter, stronger and corrosion-resistant structural materials in platforms for offshore drilling  Silicon carbide, a ceramic powder, exceptionally hard materials harder, wear-resistant and more durable drilling equipment  Small drill-hole evaluation instruments to reduce drilling costs and to provide greater environmental sensitivity because of less drill waste.
  • 6. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED  New Sensors for Improving Exploration  Reliable/economical sensors from optical fibers for measuring temperature, pressure, oil-flow rate and acoustic waves in oil wells  “Nanodust” to provide data on reservoir characterization, fluid-flow monitoring and fluid-type recognition.  Explore more oil reserves sites  Remove harmful toxic substances such as NOx, SOx and VOC from oil vapor and mercury, Cd,Pb from soil and water  Remove Controlled agglomeration of particles  Polyimide (PI)/TiO2 membranes for gas separation  Nano filters & Nano membranes Nano filters Sensors Applications: Oil & Gas Industry
  • 7. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Applications: Oil & Gas Industry  Ceramic and intermetallic nanocoatings : Nanomaterials coatings: Anti-wear for drilling parts, corrosion-resistance, wear- resistance, shock-resistance, enhanced thermal conductivity  Designer properties to enhance hydro- phobic or hydrophilic behavior, to enhance materials for waterflood applications roller-cone with bits for oil drilling  Catalysts :Nano-catalysts may also offer a solution for on-site upgrading of bitumen and heavy crude oil  Heavy oil will be converted into the light oil gas
  • 8. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED What is Nanofluid/Smart fluid?  New class of fluids  Dilute liquid suspension of nanostructured materials (<100nm) in base fluid.  Not simply liquid –solid mixture  High Specific properties such as durable & stable suspension, no agglomeration & chemical change in fluid  Enhancing magnetic, electrical and thermal conductivity  Nanoemulsion as “Smart fluid”  Ferro fluids, suspension of nano-sized magnetic particles, are magnetically controllable smart fluids and used in improving oil recovery by enhancing surfactant flooding
  • 10. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Complex phenomenon of nanofluids  Promise large-scale performance gains from tight reservoirs  Efficiently Heavy crude oil exploration  Reduce surface tension in the range of 70-90% on oil boundary in comparison with active agent aqueous solution Nanofluids possess enhanced thermophysical properties  Thermal conductivity,  Thermal diffusivity,  Viscosity  Convective Heat transfer coefficients Nanofluids: Specific Properties Thermophysical Properties
  • 11. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Rheological curve of anionic surfactant aqueous solution without addition and with addition of nanoparticles  Viscosity of surfactant aqueous solution became more than double by adding the nanoparticles Flow Characteristic & Interfacial Tension  Presence of nanoparticles changes rheological properties and increases the effect of surfactant solutions on oil recovery processes  Presence of nanoparticles reduces the interfacial tension Source: Suleimanov et al, 2011, JPSE 78, 431–437
  • 12. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Chatzis & Morrow SPEJ (1994,561) Oil Recovery Vs Capillary Number  Wettability alteration, advanced drag reduction and binders for sand consolidation
  • 13. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Comparison of finite oil recovery, %OOIP (Original Oil in Place) from Homogeneous and Heterogeneous pore medium  In homogeneous medium, finite oil recovery increases 17% compared to water and 12% compared to surfactant solution Nanofluids: Improved Oil Recovery  Similarly, in heterogeneous medium, the finite oil recovery increases 17% and 22% compared to surfactant and water. Source: Suleimanov et al, 2011, JPSE 78, 431–437
  • 14. CONSULTING ENGINEERS LIMITED Concluding Remarks  Nanoscience & Interfacial Engineering can lead to new development in Oil & Gas Industry  New surfactants, nanomaterials are required to recover the immobile oil from tight reservoir and to improve oil and gas production in an economical way.  Nanofluid can provided solutions for EOR from exhausted oil rigs  Nanocatalyst can help to increase the production of Upstream & downstream units with environment friendly approaches.  Extensive research required to improve the materials for oil & gas Industries.