Classification of fire and extinguish procedure

1. FIREFIGHTING TRAINING

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Objectives
• Understand thand different fire classes.
• Understand fire extinguisher types, operating
procedures.
• Understand basic firefighting concepts:
• R.A.C.E.
• e combustion process P.A.S.S.

3. Fire- Introduction

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What is FIRE ?
• Fire is a self sustaining exothermic chain reaction
which produce heat & light in presence of proper ratio
of Heat, Fuel & Oxygen.
• Heat or Temperature.
• Fuel or Combustible material.
• Oxygen or air.

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TRIANGLE OF FIRE

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The Fire Triangle
Three things must be present at the same time to
produce fire:
 Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion
 Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature
 Some FUEL or combustible material
Together, they produce the CHEMICAL
REACTION that is fire
Take away any of these things and
the fire will be extinguished

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Sources of Ignition
 Smoking
 Electrical equipment
 Heaters
 Contractors tools and equipment

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CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
• CLASS ‘A’ FIRE :-
Fire involving in wood, paper, clothes, grass etc.
• CLASS ‘B’ FIRE :- Fire involving in flammable liquids
i.e. Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene, Thinner, Paint
etc.
• CLASS ‘C’ Fire :-Fire involving in flammable gases i.e.
LPG, CNG, Ethane, Methane, Propane etc.

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CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE
Class ‘D’ Fire:-
Fire involving in flammable metals i.e. Sodium,
Potassium, Magnesium, etc.
Electrical Fire:-
Fire involving in electrical equipment's i.e. Electrical
panels, Computer, Switch board, Tube lights etc.

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Fire Classes
A Trash Wood Paper
• wood
• paper
• cloth
• etc.
B Liquids Grease
• gasoline
• oil
• grease
• other solvents
C Electrical Equipment
• computers
• fax machine
• other energized
electrical equip.
COMBUSTIBLE • magnesium
• sodium
• potassium
• titanium
• other
flammable
metals

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METHODS OF FIRE EXTINCTION
Fire extinguishing is based on limitation of one
or more factors. By removing combustible
material, air or heat, fire can be extinguished.
Based on this principle fire extinction is
classified into three categories:
 STARVATION
 SMOTHERING
 COOLING

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HOW TO EXTINGUISH A FIRE
 There are three fire extinguishing methods :
 Starvation :- by removing fuel from fire.
- By cutting of fuel supply
[ Most effective for gas fire ]
 Smothering :- blanketing of fuel by coating material,
- by inserting of gas,
steam/vaporizing liquid
 Cooling : -natural cooling ( water spray is the
most commonly used)
[ effective for oxidizing
chemicals, tank fires, etc.,]
 Breaking chain reaction – fourth method

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 Fighting a Fire -
Do not fight the fire if : -
 It is bigger than a waste paper bin
 One extinguisher is not enough
 Smoke is affecting your breathing
 You cannot see the way out
 Gas cylinders or chemicals are involved
 Your efforts are not reducing the size of the fire

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 WHEN THE FIRE ALARM SOUNDS
Respond to every alarm as a real threat. Do the following
immediately:
• Control the spread of smoke by closing doors and
windows
• Provide assistance to guests and direct them to assembly
area.
• Follow departmental procedures
• Remember – panic and disorder can cost lives. Plan
ahead and know what to do!

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●RACE
upon discovery of fire or smoke
Remove persons in immediate danger!
Alert others and Emergency Services
Contain fire and smoke (close doors)
Evacuate &/or extinguish

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 Rules for Fighting Fires
The final rule is to always position yourself with an exit
or means of escape at your back before you attempt to
use an extinguisher to put out a fire.
In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something
unexpected happens, you need to be able to get out
quickly. You don’t want to become trapped.

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WHEN USING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER,
REMEMBER PASS
Pull out the pin
Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire
Squeeze the trigger
Sweep the flow from side to side

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●PULLthe pin

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●AIM
LOW at the base of the fire

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●SQUEEZE
the lever

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●SWEEP
from side to side (slowly)

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 TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
1. Water CO2 type
2. CO2 Carbon dioxide Type
3. Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) Type
4. Mechanical Foam Type

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 Fire Extinguishers - Water
 Red body
 Suitable for use on Class A Fires,
wood and paper etc.
 Not suitable for combustible liquids,
cooking fats etc.
 Not safe to use on fires involving
electricity
 Extinguishes by cooling

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 Fire Extinguishers -Carbon Dioxide
Black body (Old type) or red
body with black label (New type)
Best on Class B and C fires but
safe to use on any type of fire
Safe to use on fires involving
electricity
Extinguishes by reducing oxygen
levels and cooling

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 Fire Extinguishers - Powder
Blue body (Old type) or Red
body with blue label.
Best on Class B fires but safe to
use on any type of fire.
Works by chemically interfering
with the combustion reaction

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 Fire Extinguishers - Foam
Cream body (Old type) or Red Body
with Cream label
Suitable for Class A and B Fires.
Not suitable for use on fires
involving electricity
Extinguishes by cooling and sealing
the surface of a burning liquid

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 Fire Extinguishers - Blanket
Any colour body or label but they
are usually red or white
For use on any type of fire but best
on small contained class B fires and
people on fire.
Extinguishes by asphyxiating

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●Extinguisher
Common features
Safety pin (and plastic tamper tag)
Carrying handle / operating lever
Pressure gauge
Label :
Type (Water, C02, Dry Chemical)
Classification (A, B, E)
Capacity Rating (in Kg)
Instructions
Discharge nozzle or horn

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 FIRE SAFETY RULES
Do not use lifts in case of fire. Use the stairs
Fire fighting is everyone’s responsibility
Never use water on live electrical fire
Never use water to extinguish oil fire
If it is a gas or Electrical fire-Turn off gas or power
supply
Your own life takes first priority at all time.
All fires begin small but grow fast

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 GENERAL SAFETY INFORMATION
• Do not panic, Keep yourself cool
• Do not block emergency exit routes
• Do not block fire equipment
• Always know nearest emergency exit from your
work place
• Do not overload electrical appliances
• Always store highly flammable/hazards material
separately

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 General Fire Prevention and Safety

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 Electrical Safety

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 Electrical issues
Electrical hazards are the cause of numerous workplace
fires each year. Faulty electrical equipment or misuse of
equipment produces heat and sparks that serve as ignition
sources in the presence of flammable and combustible
materials.
Examples of common ignition hazards:
overloading circuits
use of unapproved electrical devices
damaged or worn wiring

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 Electrical Fire Safety
Avoid the following
improper and hazardous
practices:
Never use three prong adapters
that allow a three pronged plug to
plug into a two prong outlet.
Never use any item with a
damaged or frayed electrical cord.
Space Heaters are not allowed in
campus buildings.
Never daisy chain or piggy back
multi-plug strips and electrical
cords (plugging strips and cords
into each other).

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 Electrical Fire Safety
Multi-plug strips
Should only be used for office equipment such as computers,
printers, and fax machines.
Other common items such as microwaves, refrigerators, and
copy machines must be plugged directly into wall outlets.
Multi-plug strips should have a fuse or circuit breaker and be UL
approved.

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 Electrical Fire Safety
Extension cords
Extension cords are only approved for temporary use. They
may only be used for a period of three days or less. Instead
of using extension cords contact FP&M to install permanent
wiring.
When using extension cords check for defaults such as frays,
brittleness, or broken wires.
Never place extension cords in high traffic areas where they
can be damaged by being stepped on or run over by
equipment.

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 Electrical Safety, cont.
Inspect electrical cords for frayed or broken wires
Don’t overload extension cords – keep them out of
high-traffic areas
Avoid over-washing electric blankets

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 Cooking safety
Never leave stove unattended – NOT EVEN FOR A
MINUTE!
Wear tight fitting clothes to prevent sleeves from
catching fire
Smother grease fires with a lid
Turn pot handles to the inside

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 STORAGE GUIDELINES
All storage must be at
least 3 ft from electrical
panels. In some
emergency situations it
will be necessary to
access these panels
quickly.
● Maintain at least a 3ft
clearance from heating
surfaces, air ducts, heaters,
and lighting fixtures.
● Storage of combustible
materials in mechanical
rooms is prohibited.
Improper Mechanical
Room Storage
Improper Storage in
front of Electrical Panel

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 Minimize Danger to Employees
Exit routes
must be free
and
unobstructed

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Exit Routes:
Basic Requirements
An exit
must be
separated
by fire
resistant
materials.
Exit enclosure
Two - hour
fire resistance
– rating for four
or more stories.
One - hour fire
resistance - rating:
three or fewer stories

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 PROPERTY DESIGN
Building fire protection features:
 Automatic Fire Alarm System
 Automatic Fire Sprinklers
 Fire and Smoke Doors
 Exit Stairwells
 Emergency Lighting
 Fire Extinguishers

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 ASSEMBLY POINT
1. Pre decided safe place where we need
to assemble after an evacuation.
2. Head counting will be carried out by
the HR department
3. If required first aid will be given to
the casualties

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 ASSEMBLY POINTS
 Staff Assembly Point
 Guest Assembly Point

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 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

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 The Basic System
Main Controller
Inputs
Outputs
Primary (AC)
Secondary (DC)

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 Inputs
Initiating Device: A system component that
originates transmission of a change of state
condition, such as a smoke detector, manual
fire alarm box, supervisory switch, etc...
Initiating Device Circuit (IDC): A circuit to which
automatic or manual initiating devices are
connected where the signal received does not
identify the individual device operated

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 Outputs
Notification Appliance: A fire alarm system
component such as a bell, horn, speaker, light, or
text display that provides audible, tactile, or visible
output, or any combination thereof.
Notification Appliance Circuit: A circuit or path
directly connected to a notification appliance.

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 FIRE SMOKE DETECTOR
Total no’s of smoke
detector in our
hotel- 151 no’s .
Types of detector-
1 smoke detector.
2 heat detector.
3 flame detector.
4 gas detector.

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 PA SYSTEM
Speakers:
Audible devices
used in
conjunction
with voice
evacuation
messages.

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 MANUAL CALL POINT
Manually-operated
device used to initiate an
alarm signal
Single Action Stations require a
single operation to activate it.
Generally a pulling down action.
Dual Action Stations require two
distinct operations. A set-up and an
activating action.

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 HOOTERS
HOOTERS: Loud
and distinctive
output. Often used
in high-noise
environments,
such as
manufacturing
plants.

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 FIRE WATER SPRINKLER
Glass bulb :- sprinkler heads
have a small glass reservoir that
holds a heat-sensitive liquid.
This glass bulb holds the pip
cap in place. When the ambient
temperature of the liquid
reaches a certain level, the
liquid expands causing the glass
bulb to break, which allows the
pip cap to fall away releasing
water. As with the fusible link
heads, water is only released
where the ambient temperature
reaches a certain level, which
helps limit water damage.

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 Fire water sprinkler Colour code

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 KITCHEN FIRE SAFETY
PIRANHA 30 Water assisted chemical
fire suppression system
detail:-
Temperature reqd. for activation- 182c.
Liquid –PRX
Capacity -13 Ltr.
Cartage -Nitrogen Gas
Capacity- 300gm
Discharge time -7 Min.
In case of system activation , Block the supply
of LPG Gas By solo net switch.
Two type of system -Manual & automatic.

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 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
A Fire extinguisher is
a device which can be
used to control a fire. Fire
extinguishers can help
remove the fire, and may
stop it from burning.
Depending on the size,
some fire extinguishers
can be carried around and
operated by hand.
Total no’s of fire
extinguisher in our hotel-
136 no’s of different types.

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 FHC
TECH DATA:-
HOSE REEL- 30 MTR
HOSE PIPE- 02 NO’S
FIRE EXTIN- 03 NO’S
FIRE MAN AXE- 01 NO’S
BRANCH – 01 NO’S

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 FIRE EXIT SIGNAGE
Fire Exit Signs:- offer
clear visual guidance
that could prove
invaluable in an
emergency.
05 hours battery
backup.
Visible in high smoke.

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 FIRE EXIT DOORS

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 What’s A Fire Door?
Fire doors are designed to
withstand fire, heat and smoke for a
period of 20-minutes to 3 hours.
Did you know that corridor office
doors are fire doors and should
have a 20 minute rating?
Corridor laboratory doors should
have a 60 minute rating.
Fire Doors are required to:
Be Self Closing: fire doors should have a
door closure that pulls doors completely
shut after the door has been opened
Have Positive latching: a positive latch locks
a door in place so can open swing open
freely.

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 4 Reasons Not to Wedge Open Fire Doors
1For the safety of your buildings
occupants.
If a fire occurs in a location where the
fire door has been wedged, smoke and
heat will travel freely into exit
corridors hindering or preventing
occupant evacuation.
2It’s State Law
Periodically Iowa’s State Fire Marshal
inspects our campus and issues
numerous citations for wedging or
blocking open doors.
3To reduce or prevent damage
to property, research, personal
belongings, etc.
-Keeping your door shut will keep out
smoke or fire originating in other
locations.
4To hold open your door you
may have an electro-magnetic
device installed.
-This device releases a fire door upon
activation of the fire alarm allowing it
to close and latch.

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 FIRE BRIGADE WATER INLET
4 way fire brigade
water inlet .
Fire brigade water inlet
in hotel- 02 no’s. near
pump room.
4 hose pipe connect at
one time.
Used by fire Fire
brigade only.

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 YARD HYDRENT AND HOSE BOX

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 FIRE TROLLEY

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 FIRE PUMP ROOM

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67. THANK YOU