Nursing is gaining recognition as a profession based on established criteria. A profession utilizes a well-defined body of specialized knowledge in its practice. It constantly expands its knowledge through scientific research and improves education. A profession provides vital services to society and functions autonomously in setting standards through a professional organization. It attracts dedicated individuals who prioritize service over personal gain and see their work as a lifelong commitment.
1. Nursing as a ProfessionNursing as a Profession
S.M. Nazmul Al-Deen,
Lecturer,
ART NURSING COLLEGE.
2. Nursing is an art;
and if it is to be made an art,
it requires as exclusive a devotion,
as hard a preparation,
as any painter's or sculptor's work;
for what is the having to do with
dead canvas or cold marble,
compared with having to do with the
living body - the temple of God's spirit?
It is one of the Fine Arts;
I had almost said
the finest of the Fine Arts
- Florence Nightingale
3. Profession is defined as "a vocation েপেশা
requiring advanced training and usually
involving mental rather than manual work,
as teaching, engineering, especially
medicine, law“
-Webster1989.
4. ProfessionProfession
Professions are those occupations possessing a
particular combination of characteristics
generally considered to be the expertise,
autonomy, commitment, and responsibility.
A profession is an occupation based on
specialized intellectual study and training, the
purpose of which is to supply skilled services
with ethical ৈনৈতিতিকcomponents and others.
5. OccupationOccupation
Training may be on job and duration
varies.
The values, beliefs, and ethics are not
prominent features.
The commitment and identification: varies.
In occupation people often change Job.
Accountability rest on employer.
6. Is basically intellectual
Is based on a body of knowledge that can be
learned.
Is practical rather than theoretical.
Can be taught through a process of professional
education.
Has a strong internal organization of members.
Has practitioners who are motivated by altruism
(desire to help others)
Profession
7. Professions vs OccupationsProfessions vs Occupations
SL.
NO.
Professions Occupations
1. 1 College or University On the job training
1. 2 Prolonged education Length varies
1. 3 Mental creativity Largely manual work
1. 4
Decisions based on science or
theoretical constructs
Guided decision
making
1. 5
Values, beliefs & ethics integral part of
preparation
Values, beliefs & ethics
not part of preparation
1. 6 Strong commitment Commitment may vary
1. 7 Autonomous Supervised
1. 8 Unlikely to change professions Often change jobs
1. 9 Individual accountability
Employer is primarily
accountable
8. Genevieve and Roy Bixler, a husband and
wife team of non-Nurses who were
nevertheless advocates and supporters of
nursing, first wrote about the status of
nursing as a profession in 1945
9. They appraised nursing according to
theire original seven criteria, noting the
progress made in nursing, as a
profession.
10. Abraham Flexner (1910), conducted study
of medical education and went on to study
other disciplines and latter, in a paper about
social work published a list of criteria that
he felt were characteristics of all true
professions. Flexner's believed in
professional work
11. Criteria of profession:Criteria of profession:
Abraham Flexner (1916)Abraham Flexner (1916)
Intellectual (opposite of physical).
Based on body of knowledge, that can be learned.
Practical rather than theoretical.
Can be taught through a process of professional
education.
Has a string দৃঢ় internal organization of members.
Has practioner
12. William shepherd (1948):William shepherd (1948):
Based on scientific principles.
Demands: adequate pre-professional and cultural
training.
Demand: specialized and systematized knowledge.
Must give: evidence of needed
Scientific technique: tested experiences.
Time judgment / duty Performance.
Beneficial work.
Group consciousness: scientific knowledge.
Sufficient self impelling অনুপ্র্রাণিণিত করাণ power.
Obligation to society: code of ethics.
13. Kelly: - 1981Kelly: - 1981
Service provided is vital to humanity and
welfare of society.
Special body of knowledge: continually.
Intellectual activity: accountability.
Educated in institutions.
Relatively independent: autonomy.
Motivated by job / service.
Code of ethics: to guide decisions.
Organization (association): to encourage and
support practice.
14. Standard of ANA – Scope and Standards of Practice, 2004Standard of ANA – Scope and Standards of Practice, 2004
According to Bruhn - 2001
Be civil
Be ethical
Be honest
Be the best
Be consistentসাণমঞ্রজসয্রপ্ূর্ণির্র
Be a communicator
Be accountable
•Be collaborative
•Be forgiving
•Be current
•Be involved
•Be a model
15. Nursing is gaining recognition as aNursing is gaining recognition as a
profession based on the criteria that aprofession based on the criteria that a
profession must have: -profession must have: -
A well defined body of knowledge.
A strong service orientation.
Recognized authority by a professional group.
A code of ethics: ICN.
A professional organization that sets standards
On going research.
Autonomy.
Hence, nursing is a Nobel profession,
Recognized internationally.
16. 1. A profession utilizes in its practice a well-
defined and well-organized body of specialized
knowledge.
2. A profession constantlyপ্র্রতিতিনিনিয়তিন enlarges the
body of knowledge it uses and improves its
techniques of education and service by the
scientific method.
3. A profession entrusts নিয্রতস্রততিনকরা the education of
its practitioners to institutions of higher
education.
Functions of Profession :
17. 4. A profession applies its body of
knowledge in practical services which are
vital to human and social welfare.
5. A profession functions autonomously in
the formation of professional policy and
control of professional activity thereby.
18. 6. A profession attracts individuals of
intellectual and personal qualities who exalt
উনি্রতনিতিনকরা service above personal gain and who
recognize their chosen occupation as a life
work.
7. A profession strives সংগ্র্রতামকরা to compensate
প্র্রতিতিনদানিকরা its practitioners by providing freedom
of action, opportunity for continuous
professional growth and economic security
19. Public Concern with NursingPublic Concern with Nursing
What is the image of nursing being created
today?
Saint vs. Sinner image
“Can I trust my life to this RN?
Public want to believe that knowledgeable,
caring, committed and dedicated RNs will be
available for them.
20. What the Public Believes About NursingWhat the Public Believes About Nursing
• RNs ranked highest among all professions for
the highest professional standards of honesty
and ethics
• Public seek advice in 4 areas:
–self-care or immediate post op care
–health care products
–administration
–interpreting physician-provided information
21. Nursing’s ViewNursing’s View
Female dominated by persons socialized to be
anti-intellectuals
Focus on skills rather than critical thinking
Knowledge is power
22. Communicating with PhysiciansCommunicating with Physicians
Factually document medical problems in
patient care terms
Stay on the issue, not personality
Appropriate communication
◦ do not allow inappropriate interruptions
23. Creating a New ImageCreating a New Image
Nurses value nursing and image it daily
Nurses take themselves seriously and dress
the part
Nurses recognize the value of caring, health
promotion, health teaching, and illness care
Nurses believe in themselves and their
colleagues
24. Barriers to ProfessionalismBarriers to Professionalism
Variability in educational preparation
Gender issues
Historical influences
External conflicts
Internal conflicts