Understanding work, the value of work, factors at the job place promoting stress, effects of stress at work, signs of stressed workers, management of work related stress

1. Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound Training
Factsheet #7
Understanding
WORK RELATED STRESS:
Exploring Effective Strategies to
Overcome Work Related Stress
Nchanji Nkeh Keneth
Radiologic Technologist/Sonographer
B.TECH/HPD in MDIRT
(St. LOUIS UNIHEBS, Mile 3 Nkwen Bamenda)
excellence660@gmail.com
+237 671459765
St. Blaise Catholic Clinic, Big Mankon Bamenda
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2. Defining WORK
The Bible: God and Work
Genesis 2:2
Genesis 2:15
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3. The Burden of Work
General Introduction
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4. Inside this presentation, we will learn about
1. Work, the origin of work, purpose of work
2. Differentiating work from your job
3. Understand types of works
4. Reasons why people work
5. Explore work benefits
6. Daily work challenges
7. Work and stress: stressors at work
8. Types of stress, manifestations, effects and
how to deal with stress at work
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5. 7-5
Definition of Work
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6. 7-6
Some Questions/Statements to
ponder on
These questions/Statements are often
asked by people who work. They
require careful thought and
consideration
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7. 7-7
FAQs by workers. You will often get these among
workers
1. how is it going with your job?
2.Should I quit my job
3. this work is killing me
4. doing more work, but receiving less pay
5. you will have to choose between me and your
job
6. is your job/ work more importatnt than family
7. You have been missing; is it jut work?
8. You love your job more than you love me
Etc on and on5/1/2018
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8. The Origin of Work and its
Purpose
1. Work is of God and from God
2. God intended Work to train
man to be responsible
3. Every one who works deserves
their due wages as AN
OBLIGATION, NOT A
FAVOUR
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9. Point 3 emphasized
• Every one who works deserves their due
wages as AN OBLIGATION, NOT A
FAVOUR
• When the Purpose of a thing is not
known, its abuse is inevitable
• No FOOD for a Lazy Man
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10. Work Types and Reasons for work
• Different types of Jobs/ Work exist
-Lawyer, Doctor, Laboratory Technologist,
Radiologic technologist, carpenter, Nurse,
Accountants, bank manager, Hospital Director,
CEO of a Company, etc
People have wrong and right motives for
work
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11. Working just to earn a Living
• Nothing Frustrates more than just working
to earn a Living
• There in lies the Difference Between A
WORK AND A JOB.
• MAYBE WORK SHOULD BE VIEWED
AS A MEANS TO AN END
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12. WORK AND BENEFITS
• Any work from which you don’t derive
satisfaction, benefits, no job enrichment,
no intellectual/professional
development… but it takes a large chunk
of your time, kills the dreams you had,
prevents you from doing something else
….etc, such is EXPLOITATION not a
job. It is OPPRESSION, not a Job5/1/2018 12

13. Work and Challenges
• Every Job has its Challenges. Challenges
may be unique for the job.
• Detecting them, analyzing them and
exploring possible solutions to them are
healthy approaches to solving work place
challenges
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14. When Work Becomes a Problem
1. When The Thought Of Work Becomes A
Nightmare,
2.When The Call For Work Becomes
Unpleasant
3.When Complains Accumulate At Work
4.When Extremism Sets In At Work
5.When Arrogance Sets In At Work etc
then something is getting wrong
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15. When Does Work Becomes
Stress?
WORK AND STRESS
Examined
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16. 5/1/2018 Nchanji Nkeh Keneth, +237
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17. 7-17
Family or Home Issues
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18. 7-18
UK Study outcome
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19. Stressful jobs in our context.
Maybe ????????
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20. 7-20
Stressors at Work
When Home issues combine
with increased persistent work
load and demands, then Stress
Results
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21. 7-21
What is Stress???
“A state resulting from a stress, especially:
one of bodily or mental tension resulting
from factors that tend to alter an existent
equilibrium.”
Stressed-out:
“Suffering from high levels
of physical or especially
psychological stress.”
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22. 7-22
Who Wants to Get Rid of All their
Stress.
Only One Group of
People Have No
Stress AND YET
THE RICHEST
PLACE ON EARTH
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23. 7-23
Only I class of people have no stress
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24. 7-24
Sensitive areas of a man’s life
Drs. Holmes and Raphe developed Life Change Units to determine the
impact of stressors in a person’s life.
Areas considered to impact a person and
health risks assigned include the areas of:
 Work Events
 Personal Issues
 Financial State
 Social Condition
 Family Concerns
 Current events
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25. 7-25
Workplace Stress Defined
Stress Job Stress
Acute
Chronic
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26. Adapted from Exhibit 7-1: Some Stress-Related Conditions
Acute
Chronic
Alertness and
Excitement
Increase in
Energy
Uneasiness
and Worry
Feelings of
Sadness
Loss of
Appetite
Immune System
Suppression
Increased
Metabolism
Diabetes
High Blood
Pressure
Loss of
Sex Drive
Lowered
Resistance
Anxiety and
Panic Attacks
Depression
Eating
Disturbances
Irritability
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27. Stress Response
An unconscious mobilization
of energy resources that
occurs when the body
encounters a stressor.
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28. Key Definitions
Stressor – environmental conditions that
cause individuals to experience stress
Eustress – positive stress that results from
meeting challenges and difficulties with the
expectation of achievement
Dystress – negative stress; often referred to
simply as stress. Often results in overload.
Job strain – function of workplace demands and
the control an individual has in meeting those
demands.
Hans Selye
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29. 7-29
How Stress Develops at the
Work Place
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30. Two Models of Workplace Stress
Demand-Control
Model
Effort-Reward
Imbalance
Model
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31. 7-31
Demand-Control Model
Passive
Active
(EUSTRESS)
High Strain
(DYSTRESS)
Low Strain
Job Demands
JobControl
High
Low
HighLow
Adapted from Exhibit 7-2: The Demand-Control Model of Workplace Stress
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32. 7-32
Constructive v destructive stress
◦ Human performance
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Performanceandwellbeing
Peak
performance
Under
stimulation
Over
stimulation
Too little Optimum Too much
Stimulation
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33. Effort-Reward Imbalance Model
Adapted from Exhibit 7-3: The Effort-Reward Imbalance Model of Workplace Stress
OvercommitmentOvercommitment
High EffortHigh Effort Low RewardLow Reward
Demands
Obligations
Demands
Obligations
Pay
Esteem
Pay
Esteem
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34. Stressors are risk factors of Stress
Stressors at the Work Place
that Expose someone to Stress
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35. Work-Related
Stressors
Role
Ambiguity
Work
Overload
Occupation
Resource
Inadequacy
Working
Conditions
Management
Style
Monitoring
Job
Security
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No job
enrichment
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36. Work stressors: Role Conflicts
A situation in which different roles lead to
conflicting expectations
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37. Work Stressors and Stress
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38. 5/1/2018
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39. How individuals cope with stress
Type A Vs. Type B individuals
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40. 7-40
Type A vs.
Type B
Personality
Self-Esteem
Hardiness
Gender
Individual
Influences on
Experiencing
Stress
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41. 7-41
Red Flag Signs to Know
someone is Stressed up
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42. 7-42
Signs of Stress
Edward Creagan, MD
1. You feel irritable.
2. You have sleeping difficulties.
3. You do not get any joy out of life.
4. Your appetite is disturbed.
5. You have relationship problems and
have a difficult time getting along with
people.
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43. How to Detect when a worker is Stressed up
con’t
• Look for the following developing in yourself and
co-workers:
 Isolation
 Deterioration of personal appearance
 Loss of interest
 Carelessness
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Poor work quality
Increased absenteeism
Lowered productivity

45. Stress warning checklist con’t
• DOT memo to “All Regional Flight
Surgeons”
-Deterioration of personal appearance
-Self-Imposed Isolation
-Mood Swings
-Borrowing Money from Friends/Peers
-Radical Loss/Gain of Weight
-Deterioration of Morale
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46. Stress Warning Checklist
-Complaints of Fatigue
-Lowered Productivity
-Loss of Interest in Promotions
- Performance Deficiencies
-Apathy
-Poor Concentration
46
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47. Stress Warning Checklist
-Irritability
-Taking Needless Risks
-Vague Complaints of Illness
- Carelessness
- Extended Lunch Breaks
-. High Accident Rate
47
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48. Stress Warning Checklist
.-Complaints of Personal and Family
Problems
-Unexplained Disappearances from the Work
Place
-Sporadic Work Pace
- Inconsistent Work Quality
- Increased Lateness
-Increased Absenteeism 48
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49. Consequences of Stress
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50. Adapted from Exhibit 7-1: Some Stress-Related Conditions
Acute
Chronic
Alertness and
Excitement
Increase in
Energy
Uneasiness
and Worry
Feelings of
Sadness
Loss of
Appetite
Immune System
Suppression
Increased
Metabolism
Diabetes
High Blood
Pressure
Loss of
Sex Drive
Lowered
Resistance
Anxiety and
Panic Attacks
Depression
Eating
Disturbances
Irritability
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51. 7-51
Individual Consequences of Stress
Stress
Psychological
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Low self-esteem
• Sleeplessness
• Frustration
• Family problems
• Burnout
Behavioral
• Excessive smoking
• Substance abuse
• Accident proneness
• Appetite disorders
• Violence
Physiological
• High blood pressure
• Muscle tension
• Headaches
• Ulcers, skin
diseases
• Impaired immune
systems
• Musculoskeletal
disorders
• Heart disease
• Cancer
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52. 7-52
Organizational Consequences of Stress
Adapted from Exhibit 7-4: Managerial Costs of Job Stress
• Total U.S. corporate profits in 2006 – $897.6 billion
• Entire U.S. gross domestic product (the market value of
the nation’s goods and services) was approximately
$13,246 billion in 2006
Some perspective:
Estimated cost to American industry of
job stress $200 billion per year
• Absenteeism
• Diminished productivity
• Compensation claims
• Health insurance
• Direct medical
expenses
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53. •Effects of Stress
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54. Effects of Stress Job concentration
disrupted
 Self-initiative reduced
 Trust in others
diminished
 Resentment
 Depression
 Health problems: stroke
 Burn-out 54
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55. Burn-Out Defined
Burn-Out is a mental and physical fatigue
resulting from the constancy of dedication and
effort to a project.
Symptoms of Burn-Out:
 Emotional exhaustion
 Cutting back involvement with others
 Depersonalization
 Feeling reduced personal accomplishment
55
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56. United Kingdom StudyMost stressful working environments found to be:
 Recruitment Consultants 82%
 Legal profession 78%
 Education 73%
 Marketing 71%
 Health 70%
 Finance 68%
 Housewives 64%
73% of UK workforce felt stress was a result of56
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57. UK Study Coping Methods
Methods found for dealing with stress:
 Get angry 47%
 Eat more 43%
 Cry 38%
 Drink more 34%
 Smoke more 23%
57
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58. Effective Strategies to manage stress
• Stress is not uncommon,
Others have experienced it and have
overcome; so seek wise counsel
Do the following if you find yourself
stressed up:
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59. 5/1/2018 59Nchanji Nkeh Keneth, +237
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60. Lower your stress levels at work
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Exercise and meditate

62. Relaxation
– Important for mental and physical health.
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63. Sleep
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64. Social support and networks
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65. Eat Well
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66. Responding to requests
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67. Delegate the task. Don’t be
OVERBEARING
– ‘Delegating means letting others become the experts
…’
–
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68. Assertiveness
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– Negotiate for the purpose of fulfilling your needs -
without overriding the needs of others.
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69. Handling the behaviour of others
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–
– Can you cope with the behaviour of others ?
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70. Detoxifying to let free your mind
‘Don't let your mind bully
your body into believing it
must carry the burden of
its worries.’
(Astrid Alauda)
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71. You don’t Manage Stress by:
• Drinking Excessively especially alcohol
• Holding unto Drugs
• Bullying
• Transferring Aggression
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72. 7-72
Individual Stress Management
• Find jobs that provide a personally acceptable balance
between demands and control and between effort
required and rewards.
• Redesign a dysfunctional job.
• Follow the tactics presented in the Managerial Advice
feature.
• Develop healthy ways of coping.
Exercise Proper Diet
Support
Network
Relaxation
Techniques
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73. 7-73
Individual Stress Management
• Exercise regularly
• Practice healthy habits
• Be realistic
• Use systematic relaxation
• Meditate
• Develop and use planning
skills
• Simplify your life – Delegate
• Take one thing at a time
• Avoid unnecessary
competition
• Recognize and accept
personal limits
• Develop social support
networks
• Focus on enjoying what you
do
• Go easy with criticism
• Take time off
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74. 7-74
Organizational Stress Management
• Increase individuals’ autonomy and control
• Ensure that individuals are compensated properly
• Maintain job demands/requirements at healthy levels
• Ensure that associates have adequate skills to keep up-to-
date with technical changes in the workplace
• Increase associate involvement in important decision making
• Improve physical working conditions
• Provide for job security and career development
• Provide healthy work schedules
• Improve communication to help avoid uncertainty and
ambiguity
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75. 7-75
Toxin Handlers
Peter Frost
The following behaviors are
necessary for handling the pain,
strain, and stress of others:
• Read your own and others’ emotional cues and
understand their impact
• Keep people connected
• Empathize with those who are in pain
• Act to alleviate the suffering of others
• Mobilize people to deal with their pain and get their lives
back on track
• Create an environment where compassionate behavior
toward others is encouraged and rewarded
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76. Wellness Programs
Estimate suggests J&J’s program has saved the
company $22.4 million per year. The initiative has
several goals:
• 91% of employees will be tobacco free
• 90% of employees will have blood pressure of 140/90 or better
• 85% of employees will have a total cholesterol below 240
• 75% of employees will be physically active, define as 30
minutes of activity three or more times each week
• 60% of employees will be trained in resilience/stress
management
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77. Experiencing
Strategic OB
Incentives for Participating in Wellness
Programs
What are your thoughts about
organizations that provide an incentive
to employees who participate in
wellness programs?
What about organizations that “penalize”
employees who don’t complete programs or
have medical evaluations?
Should higher risk individuals be expected (or
required) to pay higher rates for coverage?
What exists in your organizations that are
similar to these types of programs?
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78. The Strategic Lens
1. How can good stress be distinguished from bad stress?
How much stress is too much stress?
2. How can managing stress in any organization
contribute to improved strategy implementation and
organizational performance?
3. How much stress do you currently experience? How
can reducing your stress increase your performance in
school and enhance your life in general?
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79. 7-79
References
See next SLIDES
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80. Chapter 7
Stress and
Wellbeing
MICHAEL A. HITT
C. CHET MILLER
ADRIENNE COLELLA
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References
5/1/2018

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82. NCHANJI NKEH KENETH, +237 671459765, DMU TRAINING
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83. Stress and Worker Safety
83PPT-153-01
Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
PA Training for Health & Safety
(PATHS)

84. PPT-153-01 84

85. Nchanji Nkeh Keneth,
excellence660@gmail.com,
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86. Nchanji Nkeh Keneth,
excellence660@gmail.com,
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87. Nchanji Nkeh Keneth,
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Psalms 37, 91, 27, 124,
The Lord is My Shield and my refuge, He is My Fortress,
A hedge of Protection Surrounds me
Am Secured from any disasters
No weapon fashioned against me shall prosper
God is my Tower of refuge and My Keeper….Psalms 121
I am Prosperous and Excellent Psalms 112
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