Changing Magnitude and Direction of Force discusses new and emerging technologies and their impact on sustainability, people, environment, and culture. It covers developments in areas like energy generation and storage, new materials, and mechanical devices. The document provides information on material properties, forces and stresses, design strategies, communication of design ideas, and other principles of designing and making.

1. Changing Magnitude and Direction of Force
THE IMPACT OF NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ON:
S P E C
P
I SE
Sustainability People
Environment
Culture
People Informing
Design
Decisions
SocietyIndustry
Enterprise
AQA GCSE
Design and
PART 1: CORE AND
TECHNICAL
PRINCIPLES
ENERGY GENERATION
AND STORAGE
Fossil FuelsNuclear
Renewable Energy Energy Storage
Systems including
Batteries
DEVELOPMENTS IN NEW MATERIALS
Modern Materials Composite Materials
Technical
Textiles
Smart
Materials
SYSTEMS APPROACH
TO DESIGNING
Inputs Processes Outputs
MECHANICAL DEVICES
MATERIALS AND THEIR
WORKING PROPERTIES
Rotary
Systems
Different Types of Movement
Bell Crank Push/Pull
CAMs and Followers Simple Gear Trains Pulleys and Belts
Linkages
Levers
Linear Rotary Reciprocating Oscillating
Material Properties
Material Categories
Papers
and
Boards
Natural
And
Manufactured
Timbers
Metals
and
Alloys
Polymers
Textiles
Working PropertiesPhysical Properties
Absorbency Density
Fusibility Conductivity
Strength Hardness Toughness
Malleability Ductility Elasticity
Technology

2. Prototype Batch
Mass Continuous
A C E S
C A F E
Selection of materials or
components
Forces and Stresses Sources and Origins Investigation, primary and
secondary data
Use primary and secondary data to
understand client and/or user needs:
market research, interviews and
human factors; focus groups,
product analysis and evaluation;
anthropometric data and percentiles.
How to write a design brief and
produce a design and manufacturing
specification: should consider own
and other’s needs, wants and
interests
Carry out investigations in order to
identify problems and needs- why
we consider alterations and
modifications to a design brief.
The work of others
Investigate the work of a
minimum of two designers and
two companies including:
Design Strategies
Generate imaginative and creative
design ideas using a range of
different design strategies,
including:
• Collaboration
• User centred design
• A systems approach
• Iterative Design
• Avoiding Design Fixation
Explore and develop their own
ideas:
Materials and objects can be manipulated to
resist and work with forces and stresses
Students should know the sources
and main processes of converting at
least one materials into its workable
form:
Students should be able to select
materials and components
considering following factors:
Materials can be enhanced to
resist and work with forces and
stresses to improve functionality
through reinforcing, stiffening or
being made more flexible.
Part 2: Specialist Technical Principles
Environmental, social and
economic challenge:
Deforestation:
Increase in carbon
dioxide levels:
The need for fair trade:
Part 3:
Designing
and Making
Principles
Communication of design ideas
Develop, communicate, record and
justify ideas including:
Freehand sketching, 2D and 3D
drawings, System and schematic
diagrams, Annotated drawings,
Exploded diagrams, Working
drawings, Audio and visual
recordings, Mathematical
modelling, Computer based tools,
Modelling
Ecological and social footprint
Ecological issues in the design and
manufacture of products
The Six Rs
Social issues in the design and
manufacture of products
Using and working with materials
Properties of materials: must
know and understand how
different properties of materials
and components are used in
commercial products and how
these affect use and performance.
The modification of properties for
specific purposes including
additives, seasoning, annealing,
stabilisers, flame retardants,
photosensitive PCB and anodizing.
How to shape and form using
cutting, abrasion and addition:
Stock forms, types and sizes
Commercially available types and
sizes of materials and
components
Prototype development
Design and develop prototypes in
response to client wants and
needs
Selection of materials and
components
Appropriate materials and
components to make a prototype
considering:
Tolerances
Work accurately using tolerances;
How a range of materials are cut,
shaped and formed to designated
tolerances; why tolerances are
applied during making activities.
Scales of Production
The reasons and methods used
for manufacturing products in
different volumes:
Specialist techniques and
processes
Use of production aids:
measuring, reference points,
templates, jigs and patterns.
Tools, equipment and processes:
Wastage, Addition, Deforming
and Reforming
How materials are cut, shaped
and formed to a tolerance-
manufacturing to minimum and
maximum measurements.
Commercial processes
The application and use of Quality
Control to include measurable an
quantitative systems used during
manufacture.
Surface treatments and finishes
Preparation and application of
treatments and finishes to
enhance functional and aesthetic
properties
Papers and Boards- Printing,
embossing, UV Varnishing
Timber- painting, varnishing and
tantalising
Metal- dip coating, powder coating,
and galvanising
Polymers- polishing, printing and
vinyl decals
Textiles- printing, dyes and stain
protection
Electronic and mechanical systems-
PCB lacquering, and lubrication
Material Management
Cut materials efficiently and
minimise waste
Use appropriate marking out
methods, data points and
coordinates:
Specialist tools and equipment
How to select and use specialist
tools and equipment including
hand tools, machinery, digital
design and manufacture
Specialist techniques and
processes
How to select and use specialist
techniques and processes
appropriate for the material
and/or task and use them to the
required level of accuracy in order
to complete quality outcomes.
Surface treatments and finishes
Bending
Torsion
Shear
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Recycle
• Refuse
• Repair
• Rethink
AestheticsCultural
CostAvailability
Functionality
EthicalSociety
Environmental
Paper and Board
Polymers Textiles
MetalsTimbers
Papers and
Boards:
Sheet, roll
and ply
Textiles: Yarns
and Fabrics
Electrical and
mechanical
components:
sold by
quantity, volt
and current
rating.
Timber:
Planks, boards,
and standard
mouldings.
Polymers:
sheet, rod,
powder,
granules, foam
and films
Metal: sheet,
rod, bar and
tube
Marcel Breuer FosterCoco Chanel
Issigonis MacintoshPhilipe Starck
Apple Gap Alessi
Sketching
Modelling
Testing Evaluation
Cost
Availability
Functional
Need