3. Introduction of soil
Soil can be define
as the uppermost
crust of earth
mixed with
organic material
and in which
animals and
microorganisms
live, and plants
grow.
4. Soil pollution
• Soil pollution is defined or can be described
as the contamination of soil of a particular
region.
• Soil pollution is caused by addition of
chemicals, which reduces it’s productive
capacity.
• In rural areas more fertilizers & pesticides
are used in agricultural operations & the
residual chemicals remain in the top layers
of soil.
5. SOURCES OF SOIL POLLUTION
• Acid rains
• Excess application of pesticides, fertilizer.
• Urban solid wastes.
• Disposal of Industrial wastes and sludge
over land.
6. Acid Rain
Acid Rain is
caused by air
pollution. The
acidic water falls
on the soil and
pollutes it by
making the soil
acidic.
7. Fertilizers
The use of excess
fertilizers to
increase the crop
yields makes the
soil either acidic or
alkaline and
pollutes it.
Ex: ammonium
sulphate , sodium
nitrate
8. Fertilizers
Excess use of
Na, Mg, Ca, K, Zn in
the form of
fertilizers &
pesticides inhibit
plant growth &
reduce crop yield.
9. Urban wastes
These wastes include a
wet and fermentable
fraction, made of food
residuals from
houses, restaurants and
food industries, paper.
10. Industrial waste
This pollution can
be very massive in
certain areas,
where the
industries
discharge their
wastes and really
great is the variety
of pollutants: heavy
metals compounds,
asbestos, organic
compounds
12. Pollutants
Organic waste
Organic waste enter the soil pores &
decompose pathological bacteria spread
infection.
Compounds
Compounds containing
arsenic, mercury, chromium, nickel, lead, Zin
c, & iron are toxic to the life.
Fluorides also affect the plant
development.
13. p0llutants
Excess use of fertilizers
Excess use of Na, Mg, Ca, K, Zn, in the
form of fertilizers & pesticides inhabit
plant growth & reduce crop yield.
15. Humans Effects
Causes cancers including leukemia.
Mercury can increase the risk of
kidney damage.
Also cause headaches, eye irritation &
skin rash.
16. Animals Effects
Small life forms may consume
harmful chemicals which may then
be passed up the food chain to
large animals.
18. Urban Effects
Public health problems.
Pollution of drinking water
sources.
Foul smell & release of gases.
Waste management problems.
19. Control of soil pollution
Ban on use of plastic bags which are
major cause of pollution in cities.
Recycling of plastic wastes to
manufacture many ‘remake’ items.
Ban on deforestation.
Encouraging forest replantation
programmes.
Use carefully the fertilizers & pesticides
preferable in optimal dose.