The Eight Parts of Speech NOUN. PRONOUN. VERB. ADJECTIVE. ADVERB. PREPOSITION. CONJUNCTION. INTERJECTION.

1. BY NITESH RAJ MURARIKAR
Parts of Speech

2. Parts of Speech
 Def:-The words in English are divided into ‘Eight’ kinds
according to their use.These kinds are called ‘Parts of
speech’
 They are:-
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3.Verb
4. Adjective
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection.

3. Noun
 A Noun is a word which denotes the
names of persons, things, places,
animals and names of quality and
quantity etc.,
Ex:- 1. Ravi is a clever boy.
2. Laxmi is a good girl.
3. India is a big country.
4.Taj Mahal is a beautiful building.

4. Kinds of Nouns
Basically Nouns are divided into two kinds.
They are: 1. Concrete Nouns
2. Abstract Nouns
 Concrete Nouns are divided into four kinds.
They are: 1. Proper Noun
2. Common Noun
3. Material Noun
4. Collective Noun
- Common Nouns are divided into two types
- They are 1. Countable Nouns
2. Uncountable Nouns

6. Pronoun
 Def:- A Pronoun is a word it is used instead of
nouns.
Ex:- He, She, it, they, you, I, we, etc.,
1. He is very Handsome
2. She is very Cute.
3. It is so noisy.
4. They are united.
5. You should go for outing.
6. I am interested in Learning Guitar.

7. Kinds of Pronouns
1. Personal pronouns:-
Ex:- I, we, you, he, she, it, they, etc.,
2. Demonstrative pronouns:-
Ex:-This,That,These,Those, Such, etc.,
3. Distributive pronouns:-
Ex:- Each, Either, Neither, Every, etc
4. Indefinite pronouns:-
Ex:- All, one, some, none, many, somebody,
nobody, everybody, everyone.

8. Kinds of Pronouns
5. Possessive pronoun:-
Ex:- Mine, Ours, theirs, yours, hers, his, its, etc.,
6. Reflexive pronouns:-
Ex:- Myself, Himself, herself, ourselves,
themselves, itself, yourselves, yourself, etc.,
7. Interrogative pronouns:-
Ex:-Who, what, which, whom, whose.
8. Relative pronouns:-
Ex:-Who, which, that etc.,
9. Reciprocal pronouns:-
Ex:- Each other, one another, etc.,

9. Verb
Def:- A’Verb’ is a word it denotes an ‘action’ (or)
‘State of being’ (or) ‘existence’ (or)
‘possession’.
Ex:- i) Sita drew a picture on the blackboard
(action)
ii) He is a clever boy. (state of being) or
(Existence)
iii) I have only one pen.
iv) She has two buildings. (has, have-
possession)

10. Kinds of Verbs
1) Main verbs:
i) Strong verbs (Irregular verbs)
ii)Weak verbs (Regular verbs)
2) Helping verbs:
i) Primary auxilaries
ii) Modal auxilaries
• Strong verbs:They are those which are
formed their past tense by changing the
vowel in the body of the present.These are
not added by _ed, _d or _t.

11.  Strong verbs
 V1 V2 V 3
Steal Stole Stolen
Speak Spoke Spoken
Give Gave Given
Take took taken
Go went gone
Weak verbs
Look looked looked
Smile smiled smiled
Spend spent spent

12. Helping Verbs
 Helping verbs are those which are used to help
the main verbs in a sentence.There are ‘24’
Helping verbs in English language.
 Primary Auxilaries: Be, Do, Have Forms.
 Modal Auxilaries: Can, may, must, need, ought
to, dare, used to. Again verbs are of 2 kinds.
 1)Transitive verb:
A verb which takes an object after is called
‘Transitive verb’ Ex: Ravi Killed a snake.
 2) Intransitive verb:
A verb which does not take an object after is
called ‘Intransitive verb’ Ex: Gopi runs very fast.

13. Adjective
 An adjective is a word which
qualifies a Noun.
Ex: 1. Gopi is clever boy.
2. Sita is beautiful girl.
3. She is an active girl.
4. He is a brave boy.
5. I have two pens.

14. Kinds of Adjectives
1. Qualitative Adjective
2. Quantitative Adjective
3. Numerical Adjective
4. Demonstrative Adjective
5. Distributive Adjective
6. Possessive Adjective
7. Interrogative Adjective

15. Adverb
Def:-An Adverb is a word which
modifies a verb or an adjective
or another adverb.
Ex:- 1. Ravi walked slowly.
2. She runs very fast.
3. He is a very clever boy.

16. Kinds of Adverbs
1. Adverbs of Manner (Quality)
2. Adverbs of Place
3. Adverbs ofTime
4. Adverbs of Number
5. Adverbs of Degree
6. Adverbs of Reason
7. Adverbs of Affirmation
8. Adverbs of Negation
9. Interrogative Adverbs
10. Relative Adverbs.

17. Preposition
Def:- A Preposition is a word which is placed
before a noun or a pronoun to show that
the relation for that noun or pronoun and
another word in the sentence. [ A
Preposition means that which is placed
before].
Ex: 1.The book is on the table.
2. A pen is in the book.
3. A book was given to me.
4. She is suffering from fever

18. Kinds of Prepostions
1. Simple Prepositions:
Ex: in, at, by, with, to, for, from, till, off, since, on,
etc.,
2. Compound Prepositions:
Ex: across, along, above, about, among, around,
before, behind, beside, beturn, inside, outside,
within, without, below, etc.,
3. Phrase Prepositions:
Ex: By mean of, by way of, Infron of, infavour of,
according to, instead of, inspite of etc.,
4. Participle prepositions:
Ex: Considering, Conserving, Baring, etc.,

19. Conjunctions
Def:-A Conjunction is a word which joins two words or two
sentences or two clauses etc.,
Ex:- and, or, but, if, unless, which, either-or, neither-nor, both-
and, etc.,
Kinds of Conjunctions:-
1. Co-ordinating Conjunctions;
Ex:- But, and , or, still, for, else, so, etc.,
2. Sub-ordinating Conjunctions:
Ex:- If , unless, as, after, because, through, Although, before,
when, while, etc.,
3. Correlative Conjunctions:
Ex:- Either-or, Neither-nor, both-and, As-so, Not-only, but-
also, Not-but, So-as, such-as, though-yet, whether-or,
etc.,

20. Interjection
Def:- Words which express some
sudden feeling and emotion are called
“Interjection”.
Ex:- 1. Alas!We lost the match.
2. Hurrah!We have won the match.
3. Hello!What are you doing?
4. Ah! Have they gone?
5. Hush! Don’t make a noise.