Philippine Art Movements - What is Philippine Art, Brief history, Key Movements, Key Artists

1. Philippine Art
Movements
ABRIGO | AQUINO | DRUGA | OSBUCAN |
PILUDEN | SUGUITAN

2. Topic Outline
I. What is Philippine Art?
II. Brief Timeline of Philippine
Art
III. Key Movements
IV. 18th to 21st Century Art
V. Conclusion

3. What is
Philippine Art?
What makes art Filipino?

4. What is Philippine
Art?
 Our historical background
makes the Filipino distinct
from their neighbors, but
Philippine visual art has
no singular aesthetic.

5. What
constitutes
Philippine Art?
“We cannot define it
because you can’t have a
static answer to that,”
Philippine art expert
Ramon N. Villegas said
recently, adding that the
“Filipino-ness” of an
artwork cannot be
determined solely by

6. Is there a Filipino Soul?
This insistence to create
something relevant to one’s
nationality is not unique to the
Philippines.
…sometimes, trying to find the
Filipino in certain Philippine art is
like trying to milk a cow when the
cow isn’t a cow after all.

7. THE QUESTION OF
PHILIPPINE ART IS A
QUESTION OF
PHILIPPINE IDENTITY.

8. PHILIPPINE
NATIONALISM,
A BLACK LEGEND?

9. The Filipino is a “work in progress”
The Filipino as a product of cultural
influences is especially skillful at taking
these influences and making it their
own.
Philippine Identity?

10. Philippine Identities
Vilroy Godoy Culzon:
“Kung ano ang
pinanggalingan mo,
ilagay mo sa
canvass.”

11. Brief Timeline
of Philippine Art
Pre-colonial to present period

12. Art
Form
Pre-Colonial Spanish Period
(1521-1898)
American Period
(1898-1946)
Painting Body adornment,
ornament
Religious (icon and
ecclesiastical)
Secular (portraiture)
Genre paintings,
landscapes, still life,
portraits
Sculptur
e
Pottery, carving and
woodwork expression,
jewelry, metal crafts
Santos, furniture,
reliefs, altar pieces,
jewelry, metal work,
ornamentation
Free standing, relief,
public
Architect
ure
Dwellings and
houses, shelters,
worship areas, official
residences, mosque
Church, plaza complex,
town planning,
fortification, civic
buildings and
installations, private
residences, commercial
City planning, parks,
waterfront, civic
government structure,
public works,
apartments,
residences, offices,

13. Pre-Colonial Period
 Traditional art that has religious symbols, day to day
activity such as fishing, farming, etc., or a specific
decorative art pattern to the community
 Either influenced by animistic (local religion) or Islam-
based

14. Painting

15. Sculpture
 Discovered in 1965, the Angono Petroglyphs are believed
to be the oldest known artworks in the Philippines. Dating
to the third millennium B.C., they are a collection of 127
figural carvings engraved on the wall of a shallow cave of
volcanic tuff.
 The petroglyphs of Angono are among the oldest surviving
examples of rock engravings in Asia, and are believed to
be the oldest in the Philippines. Archaeological excavations
of the site have yielded fragments of earthenware and
obsidian flakes, which suggest the cave may have first

17. Pottery, Carving, and
Woodwork
 Examples:
Manunggul Jar
and Maitum Jar

18. Jewelry
Example: Ling Ling-o

19. Architecture
 Houses were made of light
materials like wood, bamboo
and nipa palm
 Some of them built tree
houses to protect themselves
against their enemies, or from
being attacked by wild animals

20. Other Form of Art
Weaving
 An ancient art form would weave
fibers such as abaca, pineapple,
ramie, maguey, cotton, and bark cloth
 Virtually all attire was hand woven.
Examples include G-string, Maranao
Malong, Bontoc Tapis, Ilong
patadyong, T’boli T’nalak, etc.

21. Unchanged art is still
existing
 The Okir (motif) is
an artistic cultural
heritage of the
Maranaos of
Lanao, Philippines

22. Spanish Period
 Formal painting, sculpture, and
architecture
 Catholic-based work of arts
1521-1898

23. Painting
 Religious (icon and
ecclesiastical)
 Secular (portraiture)

24. Esteban Villanueva, Basi Revolt, 1821 (14 paintings)
Inspired by: Maître â la Ratiêre, Battle of Marignano 1515)

25. Byzantine Painting Style
Byzantine art is an artistic product
of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine)
Empire, as well as the nations and
states that inherited culturally from
the empire. These are more
Christian-based art.

26. Byzantine frescoes: Langit, Lupa at Impierno, Josef
Luciano Dans ca. 1850
(Inspired by: 11th-12th century Church of Panavia

27. Sculpture
 Santos, furniture, altar pieces,
jewelry, metalwork,
ornamentation
 Rococo Art

28. Architecture
 The plaza complex consisted
of an open space, usually
rectangular or square in
shape, a chapel or church, a
convent, a municipio or
tribunal, a market place, a
cemetery, and the residences
around it. The physical set-up
enabled the Spaniards to
effectively manage and control
the natives, and bring them
closer to Catholicism.

29. Miagao Church
(Inspired by: Cathedral Church of Saint Mary in Murcia,
Spain)
Baroque Style

30. American Period
 Educational and value formation
 Art illustration, advertising, and
commercial design
1898-1946

31. Painting
 Art Nouveau
 A style of decorative art, architecture, and
design prominent in Western Europe and the
US from about 1890 until World War I, and
characterized by intricate linear designs and
flowing curves based on natural forms

32. Sculpture
 Free standing, relief, public

33. Architecture
City planning, parks, waterfront,
civic government structure, public
works, apartments, residences,
offices, health and public education,
business

34. Neoclasscism
CityHallofDavao(Inspiredby:Th
WhiteHouse)

35. Metropolitan Theater (Inspired by: Chrysler
Art Decoration in Philippine Architecture

36. Uy-Chaco Building (Inspired by: Old England
building built in Art Nouveau style. Musée des
Art Nouveau in Philippine Architecture

37. Philippine Modern Art
1946 - 1970
The study of determining what is Philippine Contemporary Art
Period is still being determined since the word has been used
loosely even during the American Colonial Period. However,
some Philippine art historians/critic has always been a
follower of the Western Art Style and its trends at that point,
and thus suggested that this was actually the point where
Philippine Modern Art Period started but went only full swing
after the war. This is set by the creation of the Art Association
of the Philippines (AAP) that in a way has a strong leaning
with the Modernist than the Conservatives (the traditional art

38. Philippine Contemporary Art
1980s to Present
It was on the on-set of the sudden rise of personal computers
and new technology created a new art medium for the arts
and human expression. But there were also countless revivals
of old styles being done. This started a new direction for the
arts, thus setting the name, momentarily, the Philippine
Contemporary Period.

39. 2 Filipino Art Style that Developed
through Spanish Period
1. Miniaturismo
Art style that pays attention to the
embroidery and texture of the
costume
“Portrait of Romano Carillo”
by Justiniano Asuncion

40. 2 Filipino Art Style that Developed
through Spanish Period
2. Letras y Figuras
Art style that fuses letters
with figures in every day
activity amidst a common
background
Usually used in painting a
patron’s full name

41. Key
Movements
From Baroque to Pop Art

42. Key Movements in PH Art
• Movements are styles in art
shaped by artists with a common
philosophy or goal.
• These movements can be borne
out of the social climates that
they became popular in, or be
made as responses to previous
movements.
• Most of the key art movements
found in the Philippines have
Western origin.

43. Baroque
 An art movement that arose in Europe
during the 17th and 18th centuries. This
movement was characterized by
extravagant imagery through use of
extensive decoration and
ornamentation. During this period, we
adapted this art style from Spain.
Santo

44. Paoay Church

45. Neoclassicism
 This art style followed soon after the
Baroque movement at the start of the
19th century. It harkens back to the
style of the Classical period of the
Greeks and Romans, with an
emphasis on symmetry, order and
simplicity. This movement became
prominent in the Philippines during

46. Baguio City Hall National Museum

47. Romanticism
An art movement characterized by an emphasis on the
senses and emotion, sometimes seen as a response to
the sober methods preferred in Neoclassicism, as
Romanticism also became prominent during the 19th
century. Juan Luna is the most prominent Filipino artist
in this movement, with a blend of some impressionist
style in his work.

48. Spoliarium, Juan Luna (1884)

49. Realism
This art movement from the 19th century
heavily pushed for the art style of
Naturalism that aimed to represent
nature the way it truly appears. Notable
artists here are Felipe Roxas and
Fernando Amorsolo. Amorsolo, however,
was one of the artists in the realism
movement to paint nature such that he
perfects it, with some stylized depictions.

50. Tinikling in Barrio,
Fernando

51. Expressionism
 This art movement,
made popular in the
20th century, went for a
style that did not
necessarily concern
itself with observation,
often using geometric
shapes and highly
intense colors, such as
the work of Ang Kiukok.
Other artists use
distortion and dull
colors to depics various
Dog Fight, Ang Kiukok (1982)

52. CUBISM
An art movement that started
around 1907 made famous by
Pablo Picasso, which utilized
the use of figures like cubes,
cones, and cylinders to depict
everything in nature. Vicente
Manansala created transparent
cubism, where the human
figure remained intact while the
background or the environment
was still depicted in the cubic

53. Madonna of the
Slums, Vicente
Manansala (1950)
Flower Vendor,
Onib Olmedo
(1987)

54. Impressionism
 This art movement
became famous in the
19th century with artists
like Claude Monet of
France. This movement
was concerned with
capturing the
impression of light on
objects and scenery,
with artists like Emilio
Aguilar Cruz and
Andres Cristobal beingJones Bridge, Emilio Cruz

55. Surrealism
Made famous in the early 1920s
by artists like Salvador Dali, this
art movement aimed to depict
the subconscious of the artist.
Galo Ocampo is an artist of this
movement.
The River of Life, Galo Ocampo

56. Abstract
Expressionism
Made famous by the
works of Jackson
Pollock, this art
movement pointed out
that the creation of the
art was the art itself, not
just the painting

57. Social Realism
 A broad description on
different artworks whose
themes spew biting
commentaries on socio-
political issues of the
country
 Aimed to effect social
change through socio-
political pieces
 Late 1800s revolutionary
period, and then again in
the First Quarter Storm in
the 1970s (Martial Law)
Martsa ng Bayan para sa Kalayaan,
Katarungan, at Kapayapaan, Edgar Fernandez
(1984)

58. Krista,PabloBaenSantos(1984)
Bihag,EdgarTalusanFernandez(1985)

59. Figurative Art
One of the most popular
movements, as figurative art is
representational, meaning it is
derived from real object sources
Early figurative art in the
Philippines is mostly realistic and
classical, but in modern times,
surreal depictions of human
figures and conditions entered
figurative art.
Kumot, Elmer Borlongan (1993)

60. Rehimen, Elmer
Borlongan (1988)

61. Conceptual Art
In this movement, the idea is more
important than the object, and
encompasses site-specific art installations,
three-dimensional assemblages of
discards and non-art elements,
performance, and video art. Some of the
works are ephemeral or temporary, and
therefore requires documentation.

62. ROBERTO CHABET: Father of Philippine Conceptual Art

63. POP
ART
Pop Art is a distinctive genre of art
that is primarily characterized by an
interest in popular culture and
imaginative interpretations of
commercial products. Renowned for
its bold imagery, bright color palette,
and repetitive approach inspired by
mass production, the movement is
celebrated for its unique and
recognizable style.
The movement presented a
challenge to traditions of fine art by
including imagery from popular and
mass culture, such as advertising,

65. Pop-Surreal and
Lowbrow Art
 An underground visual art movement that is
based on comic books, tattoos, punk music and
other alternative-pop culture themes. American
illustrator Dave McKean influenced a lot of young
Filipino artists, who created informal movements
within universities. On the other hand, graffiti art,
which utilizes spray paint and even stickers, has
recently caught on with a lot of young Filipino

67. Regionalism
 Regionalism was an American art movement that
centralized around artists working in the Midwest in
states like Kansas and Missouri, it was art that
focused on rural life in America.
 What’s unique about where you live? Is it urban or
rural? Some kinds of art explore specific
geographic areas and environments.

68. LUZON

69. VISAYAS

70. MINDANAO

71. CORDILLERA

72. 18th to 21st
Century Art
Remarkable artists up to the
present

73. FILIPINO
ARTISTS

74. Secular Artists
 Damian Domingo
 “First (known/recognized) Filipino
painter”
 Founded the first art school in the
country around 1815 to 1820, later
named by the
 Agustin Saez
 Known as one of the teachers and
inspiration of Juan Luna, Lorenzo
Guerrero and their contemporaries

75. The “Primitives”
Known Artists:
 Isidro Arcejo
 Jose Asuncion
 Antonio Asuncion
 D. Gomez

76. The “Primitives”
 Antonio Malantic
 Little Hidalgo and
his grandfather,
1859 (left)
 Portrait of
Soledad Francia,
1876 (right

77. Late 19th Century
and 20th Century
Precursors

78. Juan Senson (1847 – 1927)
 “Byzantine Style”
 Heavily depicted figures
rendered with stiff lines;
 Pure colorations;
 Symbolic perspective;
 Stylized human figures
 “Baptism,” Juan Senson,
Biga Church
 Attributed Scupltures:
 “Yellow Crucifixion”
 “Kristong Pagkabuhay”

79. Juan Luna (1857-1899)
 Competed against the
Westerner’s “cultural
superiority-mongering”
 “Daphne y Cleo” (ca.
1879-1880)
 Awarded a silver
palette by the Liceo
Artistico de Manila
 “La Muerte de
Cleopatra” (1881)
 Silver medal at
Madrird’s Exposicion

80. “Spoliarium” (1883-1884)
Gold medal at the Exposicion
Nacional de Bellas Artes
“Las Damas Romanas” (1882)
Diploma of Honor at the Munich
Art Museum

81. Felix Hidalgo (1855-1913)
 “Las Viergenes Cristianas
Expuestas al Populacho”
(1884), was awarded the ninth
silver medal at the Exposicion
General de Belles Artes in
Madrid
 “La Barca de Aqueronte” (1887),
and “Laguna Estigia” (1887),
received a gold medal at the
Exposicion General de Belles
Artes in Madrid

83. Fabian de la Rosa
(1869-1937)
 “Don Fabian”
 Teacher of Amorsolo,
Tolentino,
Manansala,
Francisco, and
Legaspi
 Mixture of rural
countryside and
female portraits
using chiaroscuro
method
 “Women Working in

84.  “Memeng Tolentino”
 Works expounded on the value of
Filipino sacrifice through accurate
reproduction of their likeness but
clothing and posing them in idealistic
settings in Beaux Arts manner
 “Bonifacio Monument” (1932)
Guillermo Tolentino (1890-
1976)

85. Fernando Amorsolo (1892-
1972)
 Tangible sense of historical
detachment between subject and
context
 Appreciation of “beautiful” motifs
to argue the motifs of art as a
continuation of the “classical”
traditions of the academy
 “nationalism”, “earthiness”,
“condition of the modern”
“Portrait of Fernanda de

86. “Planting Rice with Mayon Volcano”
(1949)
“Antipolo Fiesta”
(1947)

87. Victorio Edades
(1895-1985)
 Transformation of
Philippine art to
modern art; rebellion
against conservative
academism
 “new perceptions of
the external world”
 Emphasis on
distortion, emotional
feeling, and radical
coloration
“The Sketch” (1928)

88. “The Builders”
(1928)

89. “Bulul at Babae” (ca. 1930s)

90. Juan Nakpil (1899-1986)
 “Father of Philippine
Architecture”
 Utilized the Art Deco style in
Filipino structures and later
transitioned to the International
lifestyle
 Quezon Institute Complex

91. UP Diliman Administration Building

92. Vicente
Manansala
(-1981)
 Transparent
Cubism style
 National Artist
for Visual Arts
1981
Madonna of the
Slums (1950)
“Luksong Tinik”
(1973)

93. Carlos Francisco (1912-
1969)
 Uses Figurative Modernism
and Asian traditional art
 Murals depicting narrative
sweep and epic proportions
of Philippine history and
society
 “Bayanihan sa Bukid”

94.  Have more freedom to explore
 They show their love for country and
evolving culture
 Styles come from cross-cultural
exposures from Eastern and
Western world mixed with their
Filipino roots
 Many use color to convey emotion
rather than intellectual values
Modern Filipino Artists

95. Jose T. Joya
National Artist for Visual Arts, 2003; Filipino Abstract
Expressionist painter
Hills of Nikko (1964)
Oil on Canvas
Barter of Panay (1978)
Oil on Canvas

96. Hernando Ruiz Ocampo
National Artist for Visual Arts, 1991; Modernist Abstract
“Children
Dancing Mutants
(1995)

97. Arturo Luz
National Artist for Visual Arts; Modern Neo-Realist
Red Sky (2007)
Acrylic on
Bagong Taon
(1997)

98. Mauro “Malang” Santos
“Children
Dancing Mutants
(1995)
Woman Vendor
(1993)
Flower Vendor
(1992)

99.  The movement sought to contradict
some aspects of modernism or
aspects that emerged/developed in
its aftermath
 The constituents of this movement
believed that they should no longer
try to create something “new” but
instead “borrow, combine, explore”
what was already existing to
produce something new.
 Associated with the deconstruction
of the idea, the disillusionment in
Post-Modern Filipino Artists

100. Ian Quirante
Post-modern artist
The Secret
(2011)
Untitled (2004)
Mixed media

101. Rocky Cajigan
Multimedia artist
Educated (2015)
Box construction, Atomizer, Cordillera weaving, Wooden phalluses,
Frankincense, Gold and Myrrh
(2015)

102. Ang Kiukok
National Artist for Visual Arts 2001
Cockfight
(1998)
Fish (1958)
Oil on Canvas

103. Lino Severino
Modern Contemporary Painter
Vanishing Scene #232 (1994)
Acrylic on Canvas
Untitled (1993)
Acrylic on Canvas

104. Impy Pilapil
A Dreamer’s
Zone II Oceanic Garden Series
(2015)

105. Charito Bitanga
Abstract Artist
Untitled 0000 (1992)
Oil on Canvas
Presentation
Oil on Canvas

106. Baguio Local Artists

107. Kidlat Tahimik
 Father of Philippine
Independent Cinema;
National Artist of the
Philippines for Film 2018
 Film director, writer, and actor
whose films are commonly
associated with the Third
Cinema movement through
their critiques of
neocolonialism

110. Ben Cab
 Hailed as a master of
contemporary Philippine Art;
National Artist for Visual Arts
2006
 Painter and printmaker, has
exhibited widely in the
Philippines and in Asia,
Europe, and the United States
 Received the Gawad CCP
Para sa Sining (Cultural
Center of the Philippines
Award for the Arts)

111. SabelinBlue(2006);OilonCanvas
Sabel

112. Justine Amores
 Currently a senior History major
at University of the Philippines
Baguio
 Medium: Painting (watercolor
and gouache) and photography
 Combines vibrant colors for her
illustrations reflecting her
cheerful, amiable, and animated
character
 Particular interest on painting
jeepneys, Filipiniana themes,
and recently, on cats

113. Untitled (2019)
Film Photography
Dyipni Series (2017-2018)
Gouache Painting

114. Conclusion

115. We do not have a distinct art
movement, but when we adopt
Western art movements, or any
foreign art movements, we sure
make it with our own flavor.

116. Philippine Art and Key
Movements constitute our
“Filipino identity.” But Filipino
Identity is vague, and to talk
about Filipino identity is to
also talk of inclusion and
exclusion – the sameness
and difference of different
cultures and traditions
(Zulueta, 2014)

117. To appreciate Philippine
Art is to appreciate the
uniqueness of the culture
behind it.

118. THANK
YOU!