Presentation by Paolo Manghi (CNR - OpenAIRE technical manager) at the 6th RDA Plenary, Paris, September 2015.

1. Enabling better science
Results and vision of the OpenAIRE
infrastructure and RDA Data Publishing
Working Group
Paolo Manghi
paolo.manghi@isti.cnr.it
Institute of Information Science & Technologies “A. Faedo”
National Research Council, Pisa, Italy

2. The research group
• http://nemis.isti.cnr.it/groups/infrascience
• 27 among senior and junior researchers, sys
admins and PhD student (computer science &
information engineering)
Data interoperability
Digital Library Foundations
&
Management Systems
Enabling middleware
for service-oriented
infrastructures
Enhanced publication
&
compound object models
Virtual Research
Environments
De-duplication of
information objects
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

3. The research group
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

4. Modern Scholarly Communication
ResearchInfrastructuresgo beyondliterature
Data-driven: Jim
Gray’s fourth
paradigm
software
experiment experiment
service
Dataset publishing
Data repositories
Scientific process publishing
Web-driven: immediate
sharing and access to
digital knowledge
Literature publishing
Institutional, thematic repositories
Publisher Journal repositories
Research
Infra
Research
Infra
Market
Place

5. Modern Scholarly Communication
Publishing beyond literature
Comprehensive
scientific reward by
citation of any research
outcome
Improved
understanding of
research outcome
Better research review-
process [repeatability,
replicability, and
reproducibility of
experiments - Goble,
2009]
Effective dissemination
and re-use of valuable
research assets
Lower costs of science
Publication
Data
Scientific
process
Methodological processes,
executable workflows, piece of
software
Input/output to scientific
process

6. Funders and projects
• Funders are crucial to development of science
• If public funders, they push for Open Access mandates
• Funders require methodologies to monitor impact (ROI) and
adherence to mandates of projects they fund
• Projects require the same tools to show off their production
Publication
DataProject
Funding
Scientific
process

7. Scientific communication
workflows for research products
• Publications: well established (PIDs, metadata,
deposition, peer-review, citation, dissemination)
• Research data: available for given communities (PIDs,
metadata, deposition?, peer-review?, citation?
dissemination?)
• Scientific process: almost inexistent and not supported
by scientific reward mechanisms
Deposition Peer-review Dissemination

8. Sharing/publishing research
data: current solutions
• Part of article: subset of research data embedded as figures or
tables
• Additional material possibly submitted to the journal along with
the publication full-text
• Independent from article: Data deposited and described at
dedicated locations
• Data centres, Discipline databases, Thematic data repositories
• Linked to article: Data deposited and described at dedicated
locations with link from/to article full-texts
• Discipline-specific, data papers, deposition guidelines
• e.g. DRYAD, PANGAEA, GigaDB
• Enhanced publications, research objects

9. Sharing/publishing scientific
process: current solutions
• Part of article: piece of code is included in the paper or as
additional material possibly submitted to the journal along
with the publication full-text
• Independent from article: software, VMs, workflows,
Services, e-notebooks are deposited and described at
dedicated locations
• Software repositories, e.g. Github
• Workflow repositories, e.g. myexperiment.org
• Linked to article: software deposited and described at
dedicated locations with link from/to article full-texts
• Software papers, but no real deposition guidelines
• Enhanced publications, research objects

10. Enabling Better Science
Market-placeservicesin OpenAIREand RDA

11. The OpenAIRE
infrastrucure

12. • Establishment of an interoperable network of publication
repositories
• Deposition, discovery, linking and monitoring of research
products (articles, datasets, software) produced under
National and EC funding
• Monitoring the compliance to EC OA mandates for
publications
• Support decision makers with statistics
OPEN ACCESS INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR RESEARCH IN EUROPE
The point of reference for
Open Access in Europe
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

13. The OpenAIRE infrastructure
Human Network e-infrastructure
• NOADS: National Open Access
Desks
• Monitor and foster the adoption of
Open Access policies at the local
level
• Support researchers at the
implementation of the Data Pilot
• e-infrastructure for monitoring
impact of OA mandates and
research projects
• OpenAIRE guidelines for metadata
exchange
• Zenodo Repository for the
deposition of research products
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

14. Get support
(NOADs)
Linked Content
Statistics
Search & Browse
Feedback
Claim/deposi
t
Publications
& data
Research impact
Citations, usage
statistics
+++
Data
repositories/aggrega
tors
Data Journals
Metadata
on data
Publication
repositories/aggregators
Institutional & Thematic
Open Access
Journals/Publishers
Usage data
Metadata
And pdfs
National funding
EC funding
Guidelines for use services
Institutional
CRIS Systems
CERN/OpenAIRE “catch-all”
Guidelines for data interoperability
OpenDOAR
re3data
Validation
Cleaning &
Transformation
De-duplication
Enrichment by
metadata and
text mining
APIs

15. OpenAIRE data model:
view from the moon

16. The OpenAIRE e-infrastructure:
view from the moon
www.d-net.research-infrastructures.eu

17. OpenAIRE e-infrastructure:
hardware numbers
Production
• 44 CPU cores
• 84 GB of RAM
• 3,998 GB allocated disk
Mining Cluster
• 14 servers
• 98 CPU cores
• 514 GB ram
• 18,458 GB allocated disk
Data provision cluster
• 15 servers
• 90 CPU cores
• 236 GB ram
• 12,300 GB allocated disk

18. OpenAIRE information space
numbers (September2015)
http://www.openaire.eu
• 12M publications (de-duplicated)
• 200,000 links publication-project from 5 funders
• 9,000 datasets linked to publications or projects
• 34,000 organizations (de-duplicated)
• Collected from:
• 600+ “direct” data providers
• 5,000+ “indirect” data providers (inherited from aggregators)
• End-users…

19. OpenAIRE information space
numbers (September2015)
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

20. OpenAIRE’s
http://www.zenodo.org
• Zenodo repository (production)
• Deposition of publications, datasets, software
• DOI minting and metadata curation
• Community support
• Much more…
• FREE
• Numbers
• Publications 16,240
• Datasets 1,477
• Software 4,456
• Other products 1,400+

21. OpenAIRE partners and liaisons
SHARE
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

22. Other OA initiatives:
international collaborations
RDA-ANDS
(Australia)
SHARE
(United
States)
La
Referencia
(South
America)
CAS
(China)
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

23. Sharing research products and
context to enable better science
in OpenAIRE
Publicatio
ns
EC
funding
National
funding
Research
Data
Research
Initiatives
Scientific
Process
OpenAIRE
2009 - 2012
OpenAIRE Plus
2011 - 2014
OpenAIRE2020
2015 - 2018
EC Open Access mandate
monitoring
European
Grid Infra
(EGI)
Links among
publications,
data and
process
National
funders
Links
between
publications
and data
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

24. Publications in OpenAIRE
• Publications acquisition policy
• Open Access publications
• Publications linked to a project whose funder is
supported by OpenAIRE
• Publications are collected from literature repositories
and “claimed” by registered end-users
• Metadata and full text (when Open Access or agreed with
publishers)
Publicatio
ns
EC
funding
National
funding
Research
Data
Research
Initiatives
Scientific
Process

25. Funders and projects in
OpenAIRE
• Collects projects from the following funder sources
• European Commission: FP7 and H2020
• Wellcome Trust
• FCT (Portugal)
• NHRMC (Australia)
• ARC (Australia)
• Science Foundation Ireland (Ireland)
• On the way: Croatian, Dutch, and American (NSF)
Publicatio
ns
EC
funding
National
funding
Research
Data
Research
Initiatives
Scientific
Process

26. Enabling better science:
publications and funders
• OpenAIRE guidelines for literature repositories
• “How to describe” publications
• “How to describe” projects
• “How to put publications in context” with projects
• Cooperation with SHARE (US), JISC (UK), La Referencia (South
America)
• OpenAIRE Services
• Offering access to project information by funder
• Inferring links between articles and projects of any funders
• Monitoring ROI/Open Access of any funders by project (and
more)
Publicatio
ns
EC
funding
National
funding
Research
Data
Research
Initiatives
Scientific
Process

27. Enabling better science:
publications and funders
• Literature Broker Service for Institutional Repositories
(deliver 2016)
• Serving repository managers
• Subscriptions based on configurable criteria of
publication-repository “closeness”
27
Publicatio
ns
EC
funding
National
funding
Research
Data
Research
Initiatives
Scientific
Process

28. Research Data in OpenAIRE
Publicatio
ns
EC
funding
National
funding
Research
Data
Research
Initiatives
Scientific
Process
• OpenAIRE research data acquisition Policy
• Must be linked to OpenAIRE publications or to projects
• No datasets identified by accession numbers
• Dealt with as “external links”
• Datasets are collected from data archives and
“claimed” by registered end-users

29. Enabling better science:
research data
Publicatio
ns
EC
funding
National
funding
Research
Data
Research
Initiatives
Scientific
Process
• OpenAIRE guidelines for data archives
• “How to describe” datasets (inspired by DataCite)
• “How to put datasets in context” with projects
• OpenAIRE services
• Inference of links to datasets from article full-text
• Extraction of dataset-publication links from data
archives (e.g. PANGAEA, DataCite)

30. Research initiatives
• OpenAIRE opens to “research initiatives” willing to
• Monitor the productivity of the community in terms of
publications and datasets
• Support the discovery of research made by peers in the same
community
Publication
DataProject
Funding
Research
Initiative
Publicatio
ns
EC
funding
National
funding
Research
Data
Research
Initiatives
Scientific
Process

31. Enabling better science
Research initiatives
• OpenAIRE research initiatives
• European Grid Infrastructure (EGI), concepts: EGI
Virtual Organizations and EGI disciplines
• OpenAIRE services
• Inference of links to research initiatives from
article full-texts
• Monitoring ROI and Open Access w.r.t. relevant
“concepts” of a research activity
Publicatio
ns
EC
funding
National
funding
Research
Data
Research
Initiatives
Scientific
Process

32. Enabling better science:
Scientific processes
To be defined
• Scientific process acquisition policies
• e.g. software, process (e.g. Taverna workflows), methods (e.g. e-
notebooks)
• Collection strategies
• From “process repositories”? E.g. myexperiments.org, GitHub
• Guidelines for “process repository managers”
• OpenAIRE services
• Monitoring ROI of projects in terms of processes!
• Inference/extraction of article/process links?
Publicatio
ns
EC
funding
National
funding
Research
Data
Research
Initiatives
Scientific
Process

33. Research Data
Alliance (RDA)

34. Research Data Alliance (RDA)
PublishingData ServicesWorkingGroup
• Forum funded by the Commission to propel the discussion
among researchers and practitioners in the ambit of research
data management
• Identification of common, cross-discipline problems and yield
best practices, recommendations
• Organized in Interest Groups and Working Groups
• Focus:
• Publishing Data Interest Group: umbrella of WGs focusing on
enabling a stronger research data publishing infrastructure
• Publishing Data Services Working Group: focusing on article-
datasets interlinking

35. Publishing Data Services Working Group
Data-article links
• Benefits of creating context by establishing data-article links
• Increasing visibility and discoverability
• Stimulating reuse and repeatability
• Key to make it worth it:
• Infrastructural approach: linking needs to be done collectively, at
community (and cross-community) level, sharing procedures,
policies and technologies
• Issues
• No common framework for interlinking datasets and published
articles
• Initiatives live in isolation and cannot be combined

36. Enabling better science: giving
open access to article-dataset links
• Creating “an open, freely accessible, web based service
that enables its users to identify datasets that are
associated with a given article, and vice versa”
• The Service will serve as a flexible sandbox
• Major scholarly communication stakeholders involved at
different levels
• Feed authoritative links to the Service
• Access links from the service
• Feedback requirements, preferences, recommendations, obstacles
to refine/enhance the service

37. Harkan Grudd
Siddeswara Guru
Laure Haak (ORCID)
John Helly
Francisco Hernandez
Simon Hodson
Richard Kidd (RSc)
Hylke Koers (Elsevier) – co-chair
Paolo Manghi (OpenAire)
Haralambos Marmanis
Caroline Martin
Jo McEntyre (EMBL - EBI)
Yolanda Meleco
Sheila Morrissey
Lyubomir Penev
Mohan Ramamurthy
Howard Ratner
Nigel Robinson (Thomson Reuters)
Sergio Ruiz (DataCite)
Uwe Schindler (PANGAEA)
Johanna Schwarz (Springer)
Martina Stockhause
Carly Strasser
Eefke Smit (STM)
Jonathan Tedds
Joachim Wackerow
Juanle Wang
Hua Xu
Eva Zanzerkia
Claire Austin
David Arctur
Amir Aryani (ANDS)
Geoff Bilder (CrossRef)
Timea Biro
Adrian Burton (ANDS) - co-chair
Ian Bruno (CCDC)
Sarah Callaghan
David Carlson
Jamus Collier (PANGAEA)
Suenje Dallmeier-Thiessen
Tim DiLauro
Ingrid Dillo
Rorie Edmunds
Janine Felden
Carol Goble
Jeffrey Grethe
PDS-WG Stakeholders

38. The Data-Literature Service
• A one-for-all service model infrastructure for the research
data publishing
• Increase interoperability
• Decrease systemic inefficiencies
• Power new tools and functionalities to the benefit of researchers

39. Benefits
• For data repositories and journal publishers
• Linking becomes more scalable and cheaper, ensuring
more visibility for data sources (and their “customers”)
• For research institutes, bibliographic providers,
and funding bodies
• Enables bibliographic services and productivity
assessment tools that track datasets and journal
publications within a common framework
• For researchers
• Sharing and accessing relevant articles and data easier,
more efficient and accurate, thereby increasing
scientific reward and enhancing its practices.

40. System development and operation:
OpenAIRE and PANGAEA
Links collection
…
Harmonizing
PID
resolution
De-
duplicating
Information Space
Web Portal
Core Data Model
Data Sources
OAI-PMHSearch APIs
Examples:
• Pairs of DOIs
• DataCite records
• PANGAEA records
OAI-PMH
intersection

41. Information Space
Core Data Model Schema

42. The Service (BETA)
http://dliservice.research-infrastructures.eu
Powered by:
• OpenAIRE D-NET
software
• PANGAEA search engine

43. Some numbers
• Close to 1 Million links and 2 Millions objects

44. Providers

45. What’s intrinsically
wrong?

46. Research products publishing
workflow
Digital research
Products (articles, data,
scientific process)
Repositories for
literature, research
data, scientific process
Research e-infrastructure
Market-place services
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,MassimilianoAssante,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

47. Research products publishing
workflow
Reuse of
products
Lack of
context: no
replication
Deposition
De-
contextualisation
Staticity
Extra Cost
Quality
Assessment
Inefficient
peer-review:
No repeatability
Dissemination
Fragmentation
in thematic or
typology silos
Lack of
semantic
linking

48. Research activities
• A research activity can be intended as the course of actions,
following a scientific method that leads to prove an initial
thesis in order to bring novelty to a research field
• Every research activity builds upon and produces a wide array
of research products
Publication
DataProject
Funding
Research
Initiative
Scientfiic
process
Research
Initiative

49. Time for a change in scholarly
communication
Publishing Research Activities
• De facto the literature publishing workflow has been adapted
and adopted for other research products
• “Elsewhere” and “on date” philosophy
• On the contrary, modern research conducted with the support
of Research e-Infrastructures is
• Strongly contextualized, intrinsically dynamic
• Research products should be published “in place” and
“during” and together with research activities
• Research e-Infrastructures should evolve to support
marketplace-like functionality

50. Science 2.0 Repositories
• Creation of research
products in the Re-I is
intercepted and the new
products are published
• Notify peers about
research activities and
published products via
research social networks
• Foster continuous open
peer review
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,MassimilianoAssante,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

51. SciRepo publishing model benefits
Deposition
In context
Products
remain
“alive”
No Extra Cost
Alternative
products
Quality
Assessment
Continuous
and in
context
Self-
assessment
Dissemination
Unified
Automatic
and
Complete
Deposition
De-
contextualis
ation
Staticity
Extra Cost
Quality
Assessment
Ineffective
peer-review
Dissemination
Fragmentat
ion in
thematic or
typology
silos
Lack of
semantic
linking
Current
Model Cons
SciRepo
Model Pros
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,MassimilianoAssante,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

52. An example of SciRepo
Research Activity web page
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,MassimilianoAssante,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

53. SciRepo in the real world
http://www.i-marine.eu
• The iMarine Research Infrastructure features part of the
SciRepo social functionalities:
• Applications running in the RI generate products that can be
shared
• Notifications of new research products via News Feed
• Research products accessible in the context of the application
that generated them
• More will be realized for the new BlueBridge project
ByDonatellaCastelliandAlessiaBardi,MassimilianoAssante,September2015,bardi@isti.cnr.it

54. Thank you
Suggested reading:
• Bardi A., Manghi P. A Framework Supporting the Shift from
Traditional Digital Publications to Enhanced Publications (2015).
doi: 10.1045/january2015-bardi
• Manghi P., Bolikowski L., Manola N., Schirrwagen J., Smith T.
OpenAIREplus: the European Scholarly Communication Data
Infrastructure (2012).
doi:10.1045/september2012-manghi
• Assante M., Candela L., Castelli D., Manghi P., Pagano P. Science 2.0
Repositories: Time for a Change in Scholarly Communication (2015).
doi:10.1045/january2015-assante
Contacts:
donatella.castelli@isti.cnr.it
paolo.manghi@isti.cnr.it
alessia.bardi@isti.cnr.it