histological structure of respiratory system

1. Histology practical
(Histological structure of Respiratory System)
By : Osama Al-Zahrani
@OSAMA_Z96

2. Hyaline Cartilage in Trachea (Windpipe)
(Elective single)
* Component & Characteristics :
1- Hyaline cartilage.
2- Cell nest (isogenous).
3- Hyaline matrix.
4- Fibrocartilaginous layer.
5- Tracheal muscle : (Posterior to give space for the esophagus).
6- Perichondrium : (Collagen fibers, Fibroblasts, Chondrogenic cells).
7- Tracheal gland (Mocu-serous).
8- Mucosa.
9- Submucosa.
10- Fibrosa.
11- Respiratory epithelium :
(Pseudostratified columnar ciliated + Goblet calls.)
* Function :
- Air conditioning, conduction, and cleaning (filtration).
Respiratory epithelium
Mucosa
Submucosa
Goblet cells Tracheal gland
Hyaline cartilage
Tracheal muscle
Perichondrium

4. Lung
( Intrapulmonary bronchus )
(Elective single)
* Component & Characteristics :
1- Bronchial gland.
2- Bronchial smooth muscle.
3- Alveolus.
4- Inter alveolar septum.
5- Alveolar duct.
6- Pneumocytes (type I & type II).
7- Hyaline cartilage plates.
8- Blood vessels.
* Function :
- Conduction.
- Conditioning.
- Allow squeezing during inhalation
Bronchial gland
Intrapulmonary
bronchus
Hyaline cartilage plates
Bronchial smooth muscle
Blood vessels
Alveolar duct
Alveolus
Inter alveolar septum

6. RBCs
Capillary
Sinusoid
Alveolar Duct
Respiratory Bronchiole
Terminal Bronchiole
* Component & Characteristics :
1- Alveolar Duct :
(Connects respiratory bronchiole to alveolar sac).
2- Respiratory Bronchiole :
(Cuboidal epithelium + Clara cells + Alveoli open into it).
3- Terminal Bronchiole :
(Columnar epithelium + Clara cells + Respiratory bronchiole + Alveolar
Duct + Alveolar sack).
4- Alveoli.
* Function :
- Terminal bronchiole :
-Conduction.
-Conditioning.
-Clara surfactant.
- Respiratory bronchiole, Alveolar Duct, Alveolar sack, Alveoli :
-Gas exchange + Surfactant.
Respiratory Bronchiole
Respiratory Bronchiole
Alveolar Duct

8. Interalveolar Septum
* Component & Characteristics :
1- Interalveolar septum.
2- Blood capillaries.
3- Alveolar macrophage :
(2million/hour – 48 million/day).
4- Pneumocytes ( type I ) :
(Squamous cell + Gas exchange).
5- Pneumocytes ( type II ) :
(Surfactant production + Dividing cell).
6- Alveolus.
* Function :
- Gas exchange.
- Surfactant.
- Alveolar macrophages excess.
Blood capillary
Alveolus
Alveolus
Alveolus
Alveolus
Alveolus
Alveolus
Alveolar macrophages
Blood capillaryBlood capillary
Pneumocytes type I
Pneumocytes type II
Interalveolar septum