Doors

Building Finishing
DOORS
-
Done by :
-Mohammed
almasaafah
- zade Zerqat
-Ammar sawan
-Omar Hijazi
-Qais Abdallah
-Ahmad Emad
Moderator
Arch Ebtesam Khassawneh

Content
- Definition
-History
-Functional Requirements
-Components of a door
-Types
-Design
-Door hardware
-Door accessories
-Tools
-Door construction
-Jordanian Code

Door : solid barrier fixed to
frame in an opening in wall
to hinge ,pivot and slide
open or to close .it allow
access and exit from
buildings and between
rooms.
Door Definition
Reference : R.Barry .The construction of buildings

Door History
-The earliest records are those represented
in the paintings of the Egyptian tombs, in
which they are shown as single or double
doors, each in a single piece of wood.
(fake door represent agate to after life )
-The most ancient doors were in
timber, those made for King
Solomon's temple being in olive
wood).
From websites

-All ancient doors were hung by pivots at
the top and bottom of the hanging stile
which worked in sockets in the lintel and sill,
the latter being always in some hard stone
such as basalt or granite.

-The ancient Greek and Roman doors
were either single doors, double
doors, sliding doors or folding doors.
-The Greek scholar Heron of
Alexandria created the earliest known
automatic door in the 1st century AD
-The first foot-sensor-activated
automatic door was made in China .

Functional
Requirements
-Privacy and security
-Safety
-Ventilation and light
-strength and stability
-Climate Control
-Prevent spreading of fire
-Barrier to noise
-Aesthetic
-durability
Doors and windows are important
compositional elements in the
design of building façade.
Reference : R.Barry .The construction of buildings

Components of a Door
-Door
frame
(sub part )
-Door shutter
-(main part)

Door Frame
A door frame is made of timbers of sufficient cross section
to support the Wight of door and to serve as surround to
the door into which it closes .
The majority of door frames are rebated to serve as stop
for one way swing doors
-Width of door frame depend on thickness of wall

1-Door Jambs
and Head of
frame.
2-Threshold
3-Door stops
4-Architrave

Most interior and exterior doors are
placed in a door jamb.
-The door jamb fits inside the rough
opening.
-Jambs may be wood or metal.
-A jamb consists of two side jambs and
a head (top part of frame ).
1-Door jambs and Head
Horn is the horizontal projections
of a frame

2-Threshold
-Is the sill of a doorway, usually
used in external doors
-Found in different materials as like
tile ,wood, steel ,rubber
-covering the joint between
Two flooring materials
-providing weather protection
at the exterior doors

3-Doorstops (Rabbet)
Are simple parts used to
prevent a door from
coming into contact with
another object (typically a
wall).
Main function
Without the door stop
damage might be done to the
frame door or wall . They may
either absorb the force of a
moving door, or hold the
door in place to prevent
unintended motion.

Main function
Without the door stop damage might be done to the frame
door or wall . They may either absorb the force of a moving
door, or hold the door in place to prevent unintended
motion.

4-Architrave
– These are the decorative moldings that are fixed to
the edge of the door lining, to cover the junction
between the lining and the wall, thus creating a good
decorative finish to the frame.

Door frame types
---Are assembled from three members for internal
doors
and four to most external doors .
----The members frame are usually cut with rebate
timber as door stop
because the frame carry weight of door by itself .
-----Members jointed to each other by mortice and
tenon joints

---Metal frame are manufactured into one of three standard profiles
----The same profile is used for head and jambs of the frame
---Steel members are welded together at angles
----Two loose pin butt hinges are welded to one jamb of the frame .

Parts of Door shutter (In General )
Panelled Door

Referance:Building construction illustrated .Ching
*

Types of Doors
Location
1-Internal
2-External

-Common types of interior doors include:
Flush, panel, folding, sliding, pocket.
-Interior doors are protected from the weather so they
can be made of less-substantial materials than exterior
doors
Interior doors
Exterior doors
-Exterior doors are generally solid core and thicker than
interior doors.
-Exterior door styles include flush, panel, and
swinging or sliding glass doors.
Location

Types of Doors
Operation:
1-swinging.
2- sliding.
a-surface sliding
b- bypass sliding
c- pocket sliding
3- folding.
4- revolving.
5- overhead
6-coiling /rolling
7-collapsibale
According to:

1-Swinging - Door normally turns on
hinges about aside
jamb when pushed or
pulled
-Require space around
doorway for door swing.
- Most convenient
operation for entry and
passage.

A- Bypass Sliding
Commonly used :
Exterior sliding glass door .
- door side on overhead track and long
track on the floor
- No operation space required but it is
difficult to seal against weather and
sound .-
offers access only trough 50% of
doorway width .
2-Sliding

B- Surface Sliding
Not commonly used.
-provide access through full width of door way
- No operation space
Required but is difficult to weatherproof .
-door hung on an exposed overhead track.

C-Pocket Sliding
Common use s:
Kitchen and dining room separation.
Office.
- Door slides on overhead track into
and out of recess within the width
of wall
- -doorway has finished appearance
when fully open

Automatic sliding door
-automatic sliding door systems
provide extensive convenience and
flexibility for effortless access
without contact with the door.
Providing beauty for elevation building
These doors are suitable for a wide
variety of building types, from
offices and residential buildings to
retail environments and transit
centers

3- Folding
-Interior use
-hinged door panels fold flat against one
another when opened
1-bifold doors divide into two parts .
require little operating space . -are used
usaully to subdivide interior spaces .

4-Revolving doors
-Maintain pedestrian traffic flow.
-prevents passage of cold or warm
air and noise.
-used typically as entrance door in
big commercial buildings
-accommodating traffic to2000
person per hour .-
- angle between panels 45 degree
in the four panels type

5- Rolling door
Exterior uses
Garages ,shop..
-consist of horizontal interlocking metal
guided by a track on either side and
open by by coiling overhand.
-the door maybe operated by a chain
hoist or electric motor .

6- Overhead door
-Exterior uses
Garages ,shop areas
-These doors are constructed of
one or several leaves of wood .steel
,aluminum or glass panels .
-Door Operated manually or by a
chain hoist or electric motor

:
-Such doors are used in
garages, workshops, public
buildings etc. to provide
increased safety and protection
to property.
-The doors do not require
hinges to close or open the
shutter nor the frame to hang
them.
7-Collapsible door

It should meet functional requirements of the room
-the door should not keep in the center of wall.
-preferably located at the corner of the room nearly 8-20cm from corner..
--
-Don’t put more than one door on the same wall at room
.
-dimensions of door depend on number of users for place ,
main function of space and Location.
-make swing door open to inside .
Design Notes

Types of doors
Matereial
Glazed doors Wood door Metal doors uPVC doors
• Framed
• Frameless
• Wood flush
door
• Wood rail &
stile doors
• Flush
• Glass
• Vision
• Narrow light
• Full-louvered
• Vision/louvered

Wood door
Matereial 1- WOOD FLUSH DOORS

Wood door
FLUSH DOORS
A variety of flush doors are
manufactured with plain flush
faces both sides and
fibreboard facings press
moulded, often with
comparatively shallow
sinkings, to resemble the
appearance of panelled doors.

Types of flush doors:
1. Solid core.
2. Hollow core.
Solid core :
•door consist of the framework of vertical stiles and top rail
and bottom rail.
•The core consists of wooden strips (width not more than
25 mm) glued together under high pressure OR block
board or particle board.
•Plywood sheets /cross bands/face veneers are glued
under high pressure to the assembly of core on both faces.
•Such doors are quite strong but heavy and require more
material.
•Solid-core doors provide better sound insulation and have
less tendency to warp.

Types of flush doors:
1. Solid core.
2. Hollow core.

Hollow core:
The frame consists of styles, top rail,
bottom rail and two intermediate
rails, not less than 75 mm in width.
The space between the styles and
rails is filled by equally spaced
battens each of minimum width 25
mm, such that voids are equally
distributed and limited to 0.5 sq. m.
Plywood/veneers and cross bands
can be glued from both sides. The
thickness of plywood should not be
less than 6 mm.

Hollow core vs. Solid
core:
Weight
Strength
Noise
Cost
Solid core Hollow core
Heavier lighter
Stronger weaker
More expensive less expensive
Transmit and reflect transmit and reflect
Less noise more noise

Wood door
Matereial 2- WOOD RAIL & STILE DOORS

Wood door
French casement
The traditional form of first
floor window to many French
and northern Mediterranean
countries is in the form of a
timber framed door, fully glazed
as illustrated in Figure . The
door is made with vertical and
horizontal glazing bars as part
of the framing.

Wood door
Solid panels – flush panels :
Solid panel doors are
constructed with panels as
thick as the stiles and rails
around them for strength,
security, aesthetics or
where the door acts as a
fire check door.

Wood door
Matereial Louvered doors
Solid panels – flush panels :
•A louvered door has fixed or
movable wooden louvers which
permit open ventilation while
preserving privacy and
preventing the passage of light to
the interior.

Wood door
Matereial 3- Batten doors (Matchboarded doors )
These doors are made with a
facing of tongued, grooved
and V-jointed boards that are
nailed to horizontal ledges,
braces between ledges or to
a frame. These relatively
crude doors are sometimes
described as ‘matchboarded’
doors because of the
comparatively thin boards
from which they are made
(also known as ‘cottage
doors’).

Wood door
Ledged matchboard doors :
Ledged matchboard doors
are made by nailing
matchboards to horizontal
ledges, as illustrated in
Figure. The nailing of the
boards to the ledges does not
strongly frame the door,
which is liable to sink and
lose shape. This door is used
for narrow openings only.

Wood door
Ledged and braced matchboarded doors:
Ledged and braced match
boarded doors are
strengthened against sinking,
with braces fixed between the
rails at an angle to resist
sinking on the lock edge . The
matchboarding is nailed to
ledges and braces.

Wood door
Framed and braced matchboarded doors:
Framed and braced matchboarded
doors are made by nailing
matchboarding to a frame of stiles
and rails that are framed with mortice
and tenon joints with braces to
strengthen the door against sinking,
as illustrated in Figure.The boarding
runs from the underside of the top
rail, to protect the end grain of the
boards from rain, and is carried down
over both middle and bottom rails.

Wood door
Matereial
• There are three hardwood veneer grades:
premium, good, and sound.
• Premium grade veneers are suitable for natural,
transparent finishes.
• Good grade veneers are for transparent or paint
finishes.
• Sound grade veneers are for paint finishes only;
they require two coats to cover surface defects.
• Hardboard face panels are suitable for paint
finishes.
• High-pressure plastic laminates may be bonded to the
face panels.
• Flush doors may also be factory-finished partially with
a seal coat or completely including prefitting and
premachining for hinges and locksets.
Grades and Finishes

Glazed doors
Matereial
1- framedless 2- framed

Glazed doors
Matereial 1- framedless

Glazed doors
Matereial 1- framedless
Continuous top and
bottom rails w/ locks
Corner provite w/
Bottom lock
Continuous bottom
rails w/ locks

Glazed doors
Matereial 2- framed

uPVC doors
Matereial
PVC is a common term for the product called Poly Vinyl
Chloride. It is basically a plastic material
• are available in the market in different colors and designs.
• The advantages of using PVC doors are that they are
termite proof, durable, anti corrosive, light weight, moisture
resistant etc. They are also easy to fabricate and install.
PVC door (Poly Vinyl Chloride)

uPVC doors
Matereial
• However they are not suited for entry doors as they are very
light in
weight, not weather proof like wooden or metal doors, also they
cannot resist the harsh environmental conditions.
• are available in the market and can prove to be economical
when
compared with wooden doors.
PVC door (Poly Vinyl Chloride)

Door Hardware
Hardware is the general term used for the hinges, locks, bolts,
latches and handles for a door. Ironmongery was a term used
when most of these were made of iron or steel. The term ‘door
furniture’is sometimes used to describe locks, handles and
levers for doors.

Hinges
Hardware 1- Pressed steel butt hinge
Corner provite w/ Bottom lock
Pressed steel butt hinges are the
cheapest and most commonly
used hinges. They are made from
steel strip, which is cut and
pressed around a pin, as
illustrated in Figure 8.51. They are
used for hanging doors,
casements and ventlights‫ز‬

Hinges
Hardware 2- Double pressed steel butt hinge
Double pressed, heavy, steel
butt hinges are made of two
strips of steel each folded back
on itself as a flap and pressed
and cut to form the knuckle
around the pin as illustrated in
Figure.

Hinges
Hardware 3- Steel skew butt hinge (rising butt hinge)
The bearing surfaces of
the knuckle of both flaps
of the rising butt hinge
are cut on the skew so
that as the hinge opens
one flap rises, as
illustrated in Figure. These
hinges are used for
hanging doors.

Hinges
Hardware 4- Tee hinge
Steel tee hinges, illustrated in
Figure , comprise a rectangular
steel flap and a long tail,or
hinge, which are pressed around
a pin as knuckles.These hinges
are made for use with
matchboarded doors.

Hinges
Hardware 5- Hook and band
This hinge is fixed in a housing in the
wood door frame and to the face of
the door. Hook and band hinges are
made of more substantial
thicknesses of steel than tee hinges
to support heavy wood doors.

Latches and locks
Hardware
The word lock is used to describe
any wood or metal device that is
attached to a door or window to
keep it closed.
The word latch is used to describe any wood
or metal device that is attached to a door or
window to keep it closed. These simple
devices serve the purpose of keeping the
door or window in the closed position. They
do not lock the door.

Hardware 1- Mortice lock
The mechanism most
used today for doors is
the mortice lock,so
called because the
metal case containing
the operating parts is
set into a mortice cut
in the door. Locks for
external doors and
internal doors, where
security is a
consideration.
Latches and locks

A striking plate is fixed over mortices
cut in the door frame to house the
two bolts. This plate is termed a
striking plate,
Single bolt mortice locks, which are
supplied for internal doors comprise a
case, for end and strike plate with
one latch bolt which is operated by
knobs or lever handles and a spindle.

Hardware 2- Mortice dead lock
A mortice dead lock
consists of a single bolt that
is operated by a loose key.
There is no latch bolt.
Latches and locks

Hardware 3- Cylinder rim night latch (springlatch)
A cylinder night latch is designed to
act as a latch from inside and a lock
from outside for convenience in use
on front doors. It is made as a rim
latch for fixing to the inside face of
doors (Figure ). This type of latch
offers poor security
Latches and locks

Rack bolt
Hardware
A rack bolt is a single
locking device used for
locking wood doors and
casement windows. It
consists of a cylindrical
case and bolt that is
fitted into a mortice cut
in the stile of doors and
casements of windows
as illustrated in Figure .

Automatic closers:
• Surface mounted: pushes or
pulls side of the door.
• Semi-concealed: concealed
in door head and attached to
the door surface.
• Fully concealed: concealed
within the door frame.
Hardware

Door Accessory
IMAGE EXPLAIN MOST AND IMPORTANT
PARTS ACCESSORY) IN DOODS)

KNOCKERS
Accessory
• MAIL BOXES
• EXPLAIN TYPE KNOCKERS FROM
THAT USE DIFFERENT MATERIAL
• HOW EFFECT
USE DIFFERNT
ON BEATUIFY
ELEMENT USES
• MINIMU HEIGHT
50 CM

EYE DOORS
Accessory
• THE HIRGHT EYE ON
LEVEL SEE PEOPLE
ALMOST (180 CM)
• MORE USES IN MODERN
HOUSE `
• EASY IN ACCESSE TO IT
FROM THAT USERS
• PEEPHOLES
• HIEGHT COST IN MARKET
BUILDING

DOOR CHAIN
Accessory
• MADE USE DIFFERENT
MATERIAL BUT
COMMON MATERIAL USE IN
JORDAN:
• - steel
• - copper
• MINIMUM HEIGHT 150-170 CM

DOOR BELL`
Accessory
• TWO CIRCLE .ONE CIRCLE BIg
represent frame circle from steel
or copper .and second circle
small frame steel
• MINIMUM HEIGHT 150 CM

THE DOOR STOPPER
Accessory
• A door stopper essentially
prevents a door from either
opening too wide, shutting
unexpectedly or holding it open
by sticking it to the wall behind.
The latter type also prevents the
door knob from regularly bumping
into

Panic bars
Accessory
• The anti-panic lever is an accessory
used with the evacuation doors for
large numbers of people. The anti-
panic levers may be adjusted to the
interior character and ensure safety
at the same time. It is necessary to
plan this element at the designing
stage because its width impacts
inside diameter of the whole door.

THE DOOR HOOK RAIL
Accessory
• Door hook rails and hangers are
clever little things that take care
of your keys`, photographs,
jackets, umbrellas, towels, shoes
and so much more

The Tools You’ll Need To frame a Door
Nails ( various sizes )
Door Jamb
Marking
Pencil
Tool

T-Square
Butt Gauge
and Marker
Rubber or Plastic
Hammer Wood Chisel
Tool

Metal Lumber
Connectors
Hand Saw and
Sawhorses
Hinges
(different
types )

The Door
Expansive Bit
Brace
and Bit
Cylinder-type Drill Bit

Power
Saw
Hammer
Door lock ( various types )

Consturction details
Minimum of three anchors
required per jamb

Construction
1. confirm the door location.
*Verify that the dimensions of the
openings areas specified in the drawings.
*Measure the door frame or sub frame to
verify that the frame of the correct size
2. align the door sub-frame against
the setting out lines.
1- Installing door sub-frame
for traditional system

3. secure the frame temporarily
using timber wedges.
• Adjust the position of the wedges to obtain the
required vertical and horizontal alignment
4. fasten the frame in position
using approved wall plugs or
galvanized straps
Construction
1- Installing door sub-frame
for traditional system

5. Grout the gap between the wall and the door
frame.

Construction
2- Installing main frame
1. Verify the dimensions
2.Where possible , the completed
set of main frame, architrave and
door panel should be delivered
directly to the unit where the door
is to be installed.

Construction
3. Assemble the pre-cut
main frame using finishes
nails or screws if the frame
is not pre-assembled in the
factory.
4. Apply the bonding agent
evenly over the sub-frame and
the main frame.
It is recommended that silicon be
applied on the bottom edges of the
frame for better water resistance.

Construction
5.Install the main frame
into the sub-frame
6.Secure the main frame
onto the sub-frame using
wave nails.

Construction
3- Installing door panel
(Hanging the door )
2. Check the door
alignment against the
opening.
3.Install the hinge
1. Select the door design.

* Install the hinge:
Construction
(Hanging the door )

a door hinge is usually 12.5 cm
from the top and 25 cm from
the bottomof a door.
Construction
(Hanging the door )

Construction
4.Install the architrave
Check and ensure the right
type of architrave is used.
Remove any unwanted material
around the architrave area.

secure the architrave by nails.
Apply bonding agent to the
under side of the architrave.
Construction
4.Install the architrave

Door lock partsConstruction
5.Install the door lock.
Check and ensure the correct
type of lockes is used
After fixing the ironmongeries,
a simple functional test should
be conducted by closing and
opening the door. The
ironmongery should opreate
smoothly

Checklist for final inspection of the
door
• Consistent and neat joints.
• No visible gaps between door frame and the wall.
• Gap between door panel and frame should not
be more than 5mm.
• Alignment level with wall
• Door and frame corners maintained at right
angles.
• No stain marks and any visual damage.

Where Width in millimetre
Administration building 1100
Commercial building 1100
Public buildings
 Less than (100) person
 More than (100) person
1200
1800
Educational buildings
 Less than (100) students
 More than (100)students
1200
1800
Hospitals
• Where there is a need to move beds
• Other places
2400
1100
Residential buildings
• More than one family
• Just one family
1100
900
Industrial buildings 1100
Others 1100
Doors dimensions :
(minimum codes)

Number of doors needed in :
Usage Number
Administration
• Management
• Courts
A door for each 350m³
Commercial buildings
• Basements
• Other floors
• Storage
Public buildings
• Meeting rooms with moving chairs
• Halls used often
• Handicap halls
• Librarys (reading rooms)
• Librarys (book shelfs)
Educational buildings
• Classes
• Laps
Hospitals
• Sleeping area
• treatment area
Residintial buildings A door for each 750m³
Industrial buildins A door for each 750m³
Warehouses A door for each 1100m³

Where Distance Distance when there is an
automatic fire resistance
system
Administration building 60 90
Commercial building 30 45
Public buildings 45 60
Educational buildings 45 60
Hospitals 30 45
Residential buildings 30 45
Industrial buildings 25 30
Others 80 100
Longest way to an exit in meters :

Doors

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