Research and Referencing

A scientometric analysis of the research
productivity and citation behavior of
DLSU faculty
RESEARCH AND REFERENCING
Marian Ramos Eclevia, De La Salle University
marian.eclevia@dlsu.edu.ph
PAARL National Summer Conference. Manila. 04.22.2016
Library Analytics: Data-Driven Library Management

INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH AND REFERENCING: A scientometric analysis of the research productivity and citation
behavior of Engineering faculty :: M. Ramos-Eclevia :: 04.22.2016
2

3
INFORMETRICS IN CONTEXT
• “Knowledge creation and
dissemination in a discipline
are facilitated through
circulation of ideas among
invisible colleges”.
• “Each author contributes to the
body of knowledge by building
on what others have already
accomplished”.
(Eom, 2015)

4
• Citations or references are
essential component of
scientific communication.
• Citation counts are attractive
raw data for the evaluation of
scientific performance.
(Milojević, 2012; Bornmann & Daniel, 2008)

5
(Eom, 2015)
"It seems that, in any given year, about
35% of all the existing papers are not
cited at all, and another 49% are cited
only once (n=1). This leaves about 16%
of the papers to be cited an average of
about 3.2 times each. About 9% are
cited twice; 3% , three times; 2%, 4
times; 1%, 5 times; and a remaining of
1%, six times or more."
-- Derek John de Solla Price (father of
scientometrics)

6
the study of quantitative
aspects of information
science.
the application of
mathematics and
statistical methods to
books and other media of
communication.
the application of quantitative
tools to the study of scientific
communication.
(Eom, 2015)
BIBLIOMETRICS
INFORMETRICS
SCIENTOMETRICS

7
2 types of citation analysis
• Counting of citations of a
document or set of
documents authored by an
individual without considering
intellectual linkages
• Co-citation analysis of
authors or documents to
identify intellectual linkages
among authors/publications
(Eom, 2015)

8
IMPACT FACTOR - a measure of the frequency with
which the average article in a journal has been cited in
a particular year.
http://wokinfo.com/essays/impact-factor/
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/pubinscijournalsv1-140702115034-phpapp02/95/publication-
in-scientific-journals-impact-factors-52-638.jpg?cb=1404302099

9
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/intro-citedref-21apr09-ksc-090519011152-
phpapp01/95/citation-analysis-of-your-publications-using-scopus-and-web-of-science-by-by-
the-nus-libraries-cited-reference-team-3-728.jpg?cb=1242695718

10
CO-CITATION ANALYSIS- the analysis of a set of selected documents
in terms of which pairs of documents or authors are cited together.
(Eom, 2015)
isg.uni-konstanz.de/fileadmin/_migrated/RTE/RTEmagicC_CoCit_vs_CPA_03.png.png

11
a technique for measuring the
similarity of two source
documents by counting the
number of common
bibliographic references.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC COUPLING
(Eom, 2015)
ouseful.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/cocitation-analysis.png?w=830

12
a technique of analyzing a set
of documents to evaluate their
strength of linkage by
measuring the extent to which
they share important keywords.
CO-WORD ANALYSIS
(Eom, 2015)
fujixerox.com/eng/company/sr/2011/stakeholder/employee/im
ages/env_img4.gif

RECENT TRENDS IN INFORMETRICS
13
quantitative studies of the nature of
scientific communication over the
Internet and its impact on diffusion of
ideas and formation.
• Statistical study of WWW and computer-mediated communication on
the Internet, discussion groups, usenet newsgroup, etc.
• Quantitative measure analysis of the Internet backbone technology,
topology and traffic
• Analysis of Web contents, link structure, and web-usage
(Eom, 2015)
CYBERMETRICS

RECENT TRENDS IN INFORMETRICS
14
includes the study of web link structure analysis/web
co-link analysis, web page content analysis, web usage
analysis, and web technology analysis
(Eom, 2015)
WEBOMETRICS

15
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
•Examine the
research
productivity of
DLSU faculty
1
•Analyze author's
impact or
influence through
citation counts
2 •Investigate
author's citing
behavior
3
•Determine the
availability of
cited references
in the library
4

16
ASSUMPTIONS
The scholarly outputs of DLSU faculty members
in the field of Engineering have increased over
time.
DLSU faculty members collaborate
with co-faculty and experts from
abroad.
Publications in WoS cite references
indexed and listed in WoS journals,
books, and series.

17
ASSUMPTIONS
Citation behaviors among DLSU faculty members
vary by department, document type, and subject.
Faculty members cite information sources
available at the DLSU Libraries.

FRAMEWORK
18

19
THEORIES
NORMATIVE
Citing the works of
colleagues
Cognitive symbol or
content concept
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVE
Cognitive content of articles
has little influence
Complex citing motivation
depends on intellectual and
practical environment

20
THEORIES
"The main point which emerges is that citations
stand at the intersection between two
systems: a rhetorical (conceptual, cognitive)
system, through which scientists try to persuade
each other of their knowledge claims; and a
reward (recognition, reputation) system,
through which credit for achievements is
allocated (Cozzens, 1989, p. 440).
(Bornmann & Daniel, 2008)

21
EMPIRICAL STUDIES
(Bornmann & Daniel, 2008)
Context analyses of
citations in citing
documents
Content analyses of
citations to characterize
the cited works
Citer motivation surveys
or interviews
Motivations for non-citing

METHODOLOGY
22

23
METHODOLOGY
• Provides a single
destination to access
the most reliable,
integrated,
multidisciplinary
research
• Finds, analyzes, and
shares the most
relevant information
in science, social
science, arts and
humanities
• Covers over 12,000 of the
highest impact journals
worldwide, 50,000
editorially selected books,
including Open Access
journals and over 150,000
conference proceedings

24
METHODOLOGY
Features
• Analyze Tool helps discover trends
and patterns
• Cited Reference Searching allows
searching backward and forward in
time to uncover prior influences and
subsequent developments
• Related Records allows searching
across disciplines
http://thomsonreuters.com/content/dam/openweb/documents/pdf/
scholarly-scientific-research/fact-sheet/wos-next-gen-brochure.pdf

25
METHODOLOGY
Features
• Citation Report captures citation
activities
• Citation Mapping creates a visual
representation of citation relationships
• Usage Reporting (COUNTER
compliant) allows viewing usage data
• Manuscript Matcher helps find the
right journal for a manuscript
http://thomsonreuters.com/content/dam/openweb/documents/pdf/
scholarly-scientific-research/fact-sheet/wos-next-gen-brochure.pdf

26
METHODOLOGY
Determine the faculty
publications of DLSU
1
• Written by Filipino
authors
• Engineering focus
• Published in WoS
listed journals, books
and series
• Published in 2011-
2015
• Covering articles,
book chapters and
proceedings papers
• Single and multiple
authors

27
METHODOLOGY
• Author
• WoS categories
• Document types
• Source titles
• Book series titles
• Conference titles
• Publication years
• Collaboration by institutions
• Collaboration by countries
Analyze
research
productivity
2
Generate
citation
report
2011-2015
3

28
METHODOLOGY

29
METHODOLOGY

30
METHODOLOGY
The All Times Cited Counts includes counts
from the following citation indexes:
• Web of Science Core
Collection
• BIOSIS Citation Index
• Chinese Science Citation
Database
• Data Citation Index
• Russian Science Citation Index
• SciELO Citation Index

31
METHODOLOGY
Extract
cited
references
4

32
METHODOLOGY
All cited references are indexed and
searchable via Cited Reference Search.
Unlinked references are
not downloadable using
Endnote.
References that are not
linked to full records are
displayed in plain text.

33
METHODOLOGY
Fields of citing source
• Article title
• Source title
• Publication year
• Publication type
• Document type
• Publisher
• Department
• WOS categories
• Number of authors
• Format
• Actual # cited references
• Extracted cited references in
Endnote
Fields of cited source
• Article title
• Source title
• Author
• Publication type
• Publication year
• Conference title
• Series title
• Number of pages

34
METHODOLOGY

35
METHODOLOGY
Determine the availability
of cited references in the
library
5
Extract online journal titles from
EBSCO A-Z list
Search individual titles of books
and serials using OPAC
Data gathering: 1-10 April 2016,
20 hours

RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY
36

37
Department-wise Distribution of Citing Publications
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Biomedical engineering Chemical Engineering Civil Engineering
Electrical & Electronic Engineering Environmental Engineering Industrial Engineering
Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Multidisciplinary Engineering
(blank)

38
Citing Publications by WoS Categories
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Biomedical
Engineering
Chemical
Engineering
Civil
Engineering
Electrical &
Electronic
Engineering
Environmental
Engineering
Industrial
Engineering
Manufacturing
Engineering
Mechanical
Engineering
Multidisciplinary
Engineering
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

39
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Article Book chapter Proceedings paper
Citing Publications by Document Type

40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Series
Journal
Book
Citing Publications by Publication Type

41
0
10
20
30
40
50
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Digital Print
Document type/format Single Co-author Total
Article 5 73 78
Digital 5 67 72
Print 0 6 6
Book Chapter 21 4 25
Digital 20 2 22
Print 1 2 3
Proceedings Paper 2 69 71
Digital 0 24 24
Print 2 45 47
Citing
Publications by
Format

42
Top Publishers of Faculty Publications
Publishers # Publications
IEEE 40
Elsevier Science 39
AIDIC Servizi Srl 19
William Andrew Inc. 16
Springer 12
Institute of Chemical Engineers 11
American Chemical Society 10
Wiley-Blackwell 6
American Society of Mechanical
Engineers
6

43
Rank Authors
# of
publications % of 173 Department Position
1 Raymond R. Tan 77 44.5 Chemical Engineering Full Professor
2 Ioan D. Marinescu 27 15.6 Mechanical Engineering Visiting Professor
3 Kathleen B. Aviso 25 14.5 Chemical Engineering Associate Professor
4 Elmer P. Dadios 18 10.4
Manufacturing Engineering
and Management Full Professor
5/6
Michael Angelo
Promentilla 11 6.4 Chemical Engineering Full Professor
5/6 Alvin B. Culaba 11 6.4 Mechanical Engineering Full Professor
7 Aristotle T. Ubando 10 5.8 Mechanical Engineering Associate Professor
8 Luis F. Razon 9 5.2 Chemical Engineering Full Professor
9 Anthony SF Chiu 8 4.6 Industrial Engineering Full Professor
10 Rosemary R. Seva 6 3.5 Industrial Engineering Full Professor
Top 10 Most Prolific DLSU Engineering Faculty

44
Top 10 Collaborating Institutions
0 10 20 30 40
University of Wisconsin System
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Texas A M University System
Texas A M University College…
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
University of the Philippines
Indian Institute of Technology
University of Iashi
University of Toledo
University of Nottingham Malaysia
Collaborated
researches
163
Distinct authors
28

45
Countries
# of
Publications % of 173
USA 49 28.3
Malaysia 41 23.7
Romania 19 11.0
Japan 9 5.2
Taiwan 8 4.6
India 8 4.6
China 7 4.0
England 5 2.9
Vietnam 3 1.7
South Africa 3 1.7
Portugal 3 1.7
South Korea 2 1.2
Hungary 2 1.2
Singapore 1 0.6
Saudi Arabia 1 0.6
Indonesia 1 0.6
Cambodia 1 0.6
Collaborations of
Faculty per Country

# of Authors
Article
(% of 173)
Book chapter
(% of 173)
Proceedings
Paper
(% of 173)
Total (% of
173)
Single 2.9 12.1 1.2 16.2
Two 5.2 2.3 14.5 22.0
Three 6.4 0.0 5.8 12.1
Four 10.4 0.0 8.1 18.5
Five 9.2 0.0 5.8 15.0
Six 3.5 0.0 2.3 5.8
Seven 3.5 0.0 1.7 5.2
Eight 2.3 0.0 1.2 3.5
Nine 1.2 0.0 0.0 1.2
Fourteen 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6
46
Authorship Pattern of Citing Publications

Departments
Number of Authors
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 14
Chemical Engineering 4 7 17 18 17 8 5 4 0 0
Mechanical Engineering 21 2 1 5 4 2 1 1 0 0
Electronic and Communication
Engineering 0 17 3 4 2 2 0 0 0
Industrial Engineering 0 5 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 0
Civil Engineering 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Computer Technology 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Manufacturing Engineering and
Management 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Computer Studies 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Br. Alfred Shields FSC Ocean Research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Center for Natural Science and
Ecological Research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Decision Science and Innovations 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Food Institute 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Physics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Software Technology 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 28 38 21 32 26 10 9 6 2 1
47
Authorship Pattern of Citing Publications by Department

CITATION COUNTS
48
of DLSU Faculty Publications on Engineering

49
Title Authors WOS Categories
Total
Citations
Average
Citation
Counts/Year
Net energy analysis of the production of biodiesel
and biogas from the microalgae: Haematococcus
pluvialis and Nannochloropsis
Promentilla, Michael Angelo B.;
Aviso, Kathleen B.; Tan,
Raymond R.
Chemical
Engineering
76 12.67
Evaluating firm's green supply chain management
in linguistic preferences
Tan, Raymond R.; Aviso,
Kathleen B.; Barilea, Ivan U.;
Culaba, Alvin B.; Cruz, Jose B.,
Jr.
Environmental
Engineering
47 11.75
An extended graphical targeting technique for
direct reuse/recycle in concentration and property-
based resource conservation networks
Tan, Raymond R. Environmental
Engineering
30 5
A fuzzy multi-regional input-output optimization
model for biomass production and trade under
resource and footprint constraints
Diamante, Joseph Angelo R.;
Tan, Raymond R.; Foo,
Dominic C. Y.; Ng, Denny K. S.;
Aviso, Kathleen B.;
Bandyopadhya, Santanu
Chemical
Engineering
26 5.2
Continuous-Time Optimization Model for Source-
Sink Matching in Carbon Capture and Storage
Systems
Tan, Raymond R.; Ooi,
Raymond; Foo, Dominic C. Y.;
Ng, Denny K. S.; Aviso,
Kathleen B.; Bandyopadhyay,
Santanu
Chemical
Engineering
24 4.8
Sustainable consumption and production for Asia:
sustainability through green design and practice
Rajabimendi, Morteza; Dadios,
Elmer P.
Environmental
Engineering
24 6
Top 5 Highly Cited Articles

50
Document type 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total Average citation
counts/year
Article 31 62 113 200 274 680 54.8
Proceedings paper 0 0 0 0 2 2 0.4
Book chapter 0 0 2 4 7 13 1.4
Total 31 62 115 204 283 695 56.6
Citation Counts by Document Format
Department (Citing Author) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total Average citation
counts/year
Chemical Engineering 27 56 100 182 239 604 47.8
Industrial Engineering 4 5 12 15 29 65 5.8
Mechanical Engineering 0 0 2 6 12 20 2.4
Civil Engineering 0 1 0 0 1 2 0.2
Physics 0 0 1 0 1 2 0.2
Electronic & Communication
Engineering 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.2
Citation Counts by Department

51
Citation Counts by Department
WOS
Categories 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total
Average Citation
Counts/Year
Chemical
Engineering 11 36 60 120 128 355 71
Environmental
Engineering 9 17 47 73 136 282 56.4
Multidisciplinary
Engineering 7 4 2 4 4 21 4.2
Electrical &
Electronic
Engineering 3 3 4 0 4 14 2.8
Industrial
Engineering 1 1 1 3 8 14 2.8
Civil
Engineering 0 1 0 3 2 6 1.2
Citation Counts by WoS Categories

CITING BEHAVIOR
52
of DLSU Faculty

53
173 5,409
Total cited
sources
Extracted
cited sources
(WoS)
Citing
publications
(titles)
3,208
Citing
publications
Zero
references
Range of
references
(number of cited
sources)
Percentage
of WoS cited
sources
59 15 2-118

54
Publication Types Cited
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
Journal
Series
Book
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1992
1997
2000
2004
2008
2011
1950
1953
1959
1965
1968
1971
1974
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
2007
2010
2013
2016
1998
2002
2006
2009
2012
Book Journal Series (bla
Publication Types and Year
of Cited References

55
Distribution of Cited References by Citing Document Type
and WoS Categories

56
Journal Title
# of Cited
References % of 3208
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
Research 218 6.80
Applied Energy 173 5.39
Journal of Cleaner Production 171 5.33
Computers & Chemical
Engineering 127 3.96
Energy 91 2.84
Clean Technologies and
Environmental Policy 90 2.81
Chemical Engineering Research &
Design 80 2.49
Energy Policy 74 2.31
Chemical Engineering Science 70 2.18
AICHE Journal 66 2.06
Highly Cited Journals

57
Year-wise Distribution of Cited References
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400

58
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Age-wise Distribution of Cited References
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
-2 to 0 1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 30 31 to 61

59
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2009 2010 2013 2011 2008
Cited References by Publication Year
2005
MEAN
Publication Year
All Cited Sources
2009
MODE
Publication Year
All Cited Sources

60
Age of Cited References by Publication Type
Book Journal Series
Publication Year (Cited Sources)
1950-1980 0 98 0
1981-2000 10 493 14
2001-2010 32 1666 44
2011-2016 4 775 72
Age of Cited Sources
-2 to 0 0 98 4
1 to 5 25 1536 90
6 to 10 9 660 20
11 to 30 12 623 16
31 to 61 0 115 0
Mean 2005 2005 2009
Mode 2009 2009 2014
Oldest 1992 1950 1995
Latest 2013 2016 2015

61
All cited
sources
Cited
Book
Cited
Journal
Cited
Series
Old fraction (OF)
Counts 1,456 22 1,399 37
Fraction 45.4% 7.8% 56.8% 7.4%
Price Index (PI)
Counts 1,752 26 1,635 95
Fraction 54.6% 9.2% 67.5% 18.9%
N≤10
Counts 2,443 35 2,295 115
Fraction 76.2% 12.4% 94.8% 22.9%
Modified Price Index (MPI)
Fraction 71.7% 74.2% 71.2% 82.6%
Old Fraction - fraction of references older than 10 years
Price Index - fraction of references that are 5 years old or younger
Modified Price Index - fraction of references published within 5 years compared to those
published within 10 years
N≤ 10 - fraction of references that are 10 years old or younger

62
Departments PI N≤ 10 MPI OF
Counts % Counts % % Counts %
Br. Alfred Shields FSC Ocean Research 13 37.1 24 68.6 5.1 11 31.4
Center for Natural Science and
Ecological Research
9 37.5 22 91.7 40.9 2 8.3
Chemical Engineering 135 6.3 1796 83.2 7.5 362 16.8
Civil Engineering 2 8.7 12 52.2 16.7 11 47.8
Computer Technology 1 100.0 1 100.0 100.0 0 0.0
Decision Science and Innovations 2 14.3 7 50.0 28.6 7 50.0
Electronic and Communication
Engineering
30 34.9 52 60.5 57.7 25 29.1
Food Institute 34 77.3 41 93.2 82.9 3 6.8
Industrial Engineering 103 44.2 187 80.3 55.1 56 24.0
Manufacturing Engineering and
Management
4 36.4 5 45.5 80.0 6 54.5
Mechanical Engineering 193 34.6 279 50.1 69.2 277 49.7
Physics 5 25.0 14 70.0 35.7 6 30.0
Software Technology 2 100.0 2 100.0 100.0 0 0.0

AVAILABILITY OF
63
at the DLSU Libraries
CITED REFERENCES

64
Out of 546 unique
journal titles are
accessible online
321
803 Available cited journal
articles
LIBRARY OWNERSHIP OF CITED SOURCES
Cited journal
(unique titles)546
Percentage of cited
journals available at the
DLSU Libraries
59

65
unique book titles
available in print
5
34 Titles available in
IEEEXplore database
Cited books
(unique titles)93
Percentage of cited
books available at the
DLSU Libraries
42

66
Titles of cited series
available in IEEEXplore
database
11
Cited series
(unique titles)55
Percentage of cited
series available at the
DLSU Libraries
20

67
Database
# of Journal
Titles
ProQuest 302
ScienceDirect Freedom Collection 172
EBSCO 115
Gale 83
JSTOR Arts & Sciences 42
IEEE/IET Electronic Library (IEL) 18
Taylor & Francis 8
SpringerLINK Journals 3
American Chemical Society 2
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) 2
LexisNexis Academic 2
Wiley Online Library 2
American Association for the Advancement of Science 1
American Institute of Physics 1
American Physical Society 1
Annual Reviews 1
De Gruyter 1
ICE Virtual Library 1
Distribution of Cited Online Journals by Database

CONCLUSION
68

69
Research productivity of
Filipino faculty members has
been consistently growing.
Significant differences in citation
behavior among faculty have
been observed.

70
Citation analysis can be a
useful tool to evaluate usage
of library resources and
information seeking behavior
of faculty.
It gives a better understanding
of user's research patterns and
library research needs.

71
Ashman, A. B. (2009). An examination of the research objectives of recent citation analysis studies. Collection Management, 34(2), 112-
128. doi:10.1080/01462670902725885
Bornmann, L., & Daniel, H. (2008). What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior. Journal of Documentation,
64(1), 45-80.
Currie, L., & Monroe-Gulick, A. (2013). What do our faculty use? An interdisciplinary citation analysis study. The Journal of Academic
Librarianship, 39, 471-480. doi:10.1016/j.acalib.2013.08.016
Dewland, J. C. (2011). A local citation analysis of a business school faculty: A comparison of the who, what, where, and when of their
citations. Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship, 16(2), 145-158. doi:10.1080/08963568.2011.554740
Eom, S. B. (2015). Mining Author Cocitation Data with SAS Enterprise Guide. Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Gao, S., Yu, W., & Webster, B. M. (2007). A longitudinal investigation into the changing citing behavior of geomatics postgraduate
students at Wuhan University, China, 1988–2004: Implications for collection development. Library Collections, Acquisitions and
Technical Services, 31, 42-57. doi:10.1016/j.lcats.2006.12.001
Larivière, V., Sugimoto, C. R., & Bergeron, P. (2013). In their own image? A comparison of doctoral students' and faculty members'
referencing behavior. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 64(5), 1045-1054. doi:10.1002/asi.22797
Milojević, S. (2012). How are academic age, productivity and collaboration related to citing behavior of researchers?. Plos ONE, 7(11), 1-
13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049176
Shadish, W. R., Tolliver, D., Gray, M., & Sunil K. Sen, G. (1995). Author judgements about works they cite: Three studies from psychology
journals. Social Studies of Science, 25(3), 477-498
Stephens, J., Hubbard, D. E., Pickett, C., & Kimball, R. (2013). Citation behavior of aerospace engineering faculty. The Journal of
Academic Librarianship, 39, 451-457. doi:10.1016/j.acalib.2013.09.007
Zhang, G., Ding, Y., & Milojević, S. (2013). Citation content analysis ( CCA): A framework for syntactic and semantic analysis of citation
content. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 64(7), 1490-1503. doi:10.1002/asi.22850
Zuckeman, H. (1987). Citation analysis and the complex problem of intellectual influence. Scientomectrics, 12, 329-338
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