This document discusses anchorage, which refers to resistance to unwanted tooth movement. It is classified based on the manner of force application, jaws involved, site of anchorage, and number of anchorage units. Factors like tooth morphology, position, and mutual support affect anchorage. Sources include individual/multiple teeth, basal bone, and musculature. Anchorage planning depends on the number/type of teeth to be moved and treatment factors. Different anchorage techniques are described like intra/inter-maxillary, simple, stationary, and reciprocal anchorage. Anchorage loss and demand vary based on the case. Recent advancements have improved anchorage control.

1. ANCHORAG
E

2. INDEX
 DEFINITION
 CLASSIFICATION
 FACTORS AFFECTIONG ANCHORAGE
 SOURCES OF ANCHORAGE
 ANCHORAGE PLANNING
 DIFFERENT ANCHORAGES
 ANCHORAGE LAOSS & DEMAND
 ADVANCEMENT IN ANCHORAGE
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION

4.  ANCHORAGE = RESISTANCE TO UNWANTED
TOOTH MOVEMENT.
 ANCHORAGE UNITS : The areas or units which
provide this undesirable movement.

5. DEFINITITION

6. THE SITE OF DELIVERY FROM WHICH FORCE
IS EXERTED
- white n gardner
The nature and degree of resistance to displacement
offered by an anatomic unit when used for the
purpose of affecting tooth movement
- GRABER

7. CLASSIFICATION

8.  Acc. to manner of the force application as:
1. Simple
2. Stationary
3. Reciprocal
 Acc. to the jaws involved as :
1. Intra maxillary
2. Inter maxillary

9.  Acc. to the site of anchorage
1. Intra oral
2. Extra oral
3. Muscular
 Acc.to the no. of anchorage units as :
1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Reinforced

10.  Acc. To white n gardner
1. Simple
2. Stationary
3. Reciprocal
4. Reinforced
5. Inter maxillary
6. Extra oral

11. Factors affecting
anchorage

12. 1. Teeth
2. Root forms
 Round – resistance is same in any direction
 Flat – resist tooth movement in M-D direction eg. mand.
Incisors & molars , buccal roots of max. molars ( tripod
arrangement of roots )
 Triangular – offers greater resistance to movement. Eg.
Maxillary canine & lateral incisor

13. 1. Size n no. of roots – large surface area & multirooted
teeth > resistance
2. Root length – deeper the root embeded > resistance
3. Position of tooth in the dental arch – eg. Mandi. 2nd molar
is located bt. Two ridges of basal bone , so offer more
resistance to bodily movement
4. Inclination of tooth – axial inclination is in opposite
direction to force , greater resistance
5. Mutual support

14. 1. Basal bone – eg.hard
palate & lingual surface
of the mandible in
anterior region.
2. The musculature –
Hypotonic m. - Flaring &
spacing
eg.Nance palatal button
Hypertonic m. - Collapse of
the teeth lingually ( use of hard palate to
provide resistance to
mesial movement of
max. molar

15. SOURCES OF ANCHORAGE

16.  INTRA –ORAL :
1. Individual teeth
2. Multiple tooth units
3. Encasement (eg.Inclined planes)
4. Occluding teeth
 OTHERS :
1. Holding Arches
2. Basal bone
3. Neck cranium
4. Occipital region
 MUSCULATURE : lip bumper

17. ANCHORAGE
PLANNING

18. Depends on : -
1. The number of teeth to be moved
2. The type of teeth to be moved
3. Type of tooth movement
4. Periodontal condition
5. Duration of tooth movement

19. INTRA
MAXILLARY
ANCHORAGE

20.  Within the same jaw ( either maxilla or
mandible )
 Eg.Elastic chains are
used to retract the
anterior segment
using the posterior
teeth as anchorage
unit.

21. Sub- divisions
1. Simple
2. Stationary
3. Reciprocal

22. INTER MAXILLARY
ANCHORAGE

23. Also called “BAKER’S ANCHORAGE”
 When the anchorage units situated in the one
jaw are used to provide the force required to
move teeth in the opposing jaw.
 SUB DIVISION :
1. Simple
2. Staionary
3. Reciprocal

24.  Eg. When class II elastics are used to
retract the maxillary anteriors , the
anchorage units are situated in the
mandibular arch.

25.  CLASS III INTER MAXILLARY ELASTICS

26. SIMPLE
ANCHORAGE

27.  When the manner & application of force is
such that it tends to change the axial
inclination of the tooth or teeth that form the
anchorage unit in the plane of the space in
which the force is applied.
 Simple anchorage is obtained by engaging
a greater number of teeth than are to be
moved

28. NT: The root surface area of the
anchorage unit should be at least
double that of the units to be moved.
eg. Anterior retraction with
the
help of a HAWLEY’S
appliance
The movement of a single
tooth using a screw
appliance

29. STATIONARY
ANCHORAGE

30.  When the application of force tends to
displace the anchorage unit bodily in the
plane of space in which force is being
applied
 The anchorage potential of teeth being
moved bodily is considerably greater as
compare to teeth being moved using a
tipping force.

31.  Mandibular molars are bodily pitted against
the tipping forces of the maxillary anteriors.

32. RECIPROCAL
ANCHORAGE

33.  When two teeth or two sets of teeth move to an
equal extend in an opposite direction .
 Here the root surface area of the anchorage unit
is equal to that of the teeth to be moved.
 The effect of the forces exerted is equal.

34. • Cross Elastic To Correct
Molar Cross-bite
 Ni-Ti Molar
Rotator
 Arch expansion using a mid-
line screw

35. SINGLE OR PRIMARY ANCHORAGE
 The resistance provided by single
tooth with greater alveolar support is
used to move another tooth with
lesser alveolar support.
 Eg. Molar being used to retract a pre
molar

36. COMPOUND ANCHORAGE
 The resistance is provided by more
than one tooth with greater support is
used to move teeth with less support.
 Eg. Retracting incisors using loop
mechanics

37. REINFORCED
ANCHORAGE

38.  The anchorage units are reinforced by the
use of more than one type of resistance
units.

39.  Anterior inclined plane
Exerts a backward
pull on the maxillary
appliance through the
mandible

40.  SVED BITE PLANE :
Prevent from being
inclined labially.

41.  A rigid labial bow :
To engage labial surface
of the incisor at the
junction of cervical &
incisal third of each
crown.

42.  Banding of 2nd molar
for the retraction of
permanent canine

43. EXTRA ORAL
ANCHORAGE

44.  The extra oral structure most commonly
used are :
1. Cervical region
2. The occiput
3. The forehead
4. The chin

46. Extra oral forces to augment
anchorage

49. Advantage
 The anchorage unit is far away from
the actual site where the movement is
taking place, so less chances of any
change in the anchorage units

50. Disadvantage
 Lack of patient’s co- operation
 Anchorage assembly is bulky &
externally visible
 Decrease in the number of hours for
which the anchorage assembly is
worn, so affects quality of result
achieved

51. MUSCULAR
ANCHORAGE

52.  Peri oral musculature is not so strong
but also resilient.
 The forces generated by the
musculature sometimes used to bring
about tooth movement.
 eg.Lip bumper appliance
(to distalize mandibular
1st molars)

53. ANCHORAGE LOSS
 It is the movement of the reaction unit or
the anchor unit instead of the teeth to be
moved.

54. ANCHORAGE DEMAND
 Depending on anchorage loss : -
1. Maximum anchorage case
2. Moderate anchorage case
3. Minimum anchorage case

55. Maximum anchorage cases
 Anchorage demand is
very high
 Not more than ¼ th of
the extraction space
should be lost by
forward movement of
the anchor teeth

56. Moderate anchorage cases
 Anchor teeth can be
permitted to move
forward into ¼ th to ½
of the extraction
space.

57. Minimum anchorage cases
 Anchorage demand is
very low

58. ADVANCEMENT
IN
ANCHORAGE