Housing is an important activity that directly indicates the standard of living of the people, with the increase in growth of population due to rapid industrialization scarcity of developed land, the need for multi-storeyed housing complex has increased to a considerable extent , so people turned to multi-storeyed residential apartments instead of individual houses, when city development reached a maximum development of suburban’s areas began the people living in the city should have advocate housing for comfortable and peaceful living.

1. WELCOME
PRESENTATION TOPIC:
DETAILED ESTIMATION & RATE ANALYSIS ON
RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDING
(C+G+5 FLOORS)
ABHINAV RANGANATH PANYAM VUPPU

2. OUTLINE
 Objectives
 Building Types
 Residential Apartment
 Structural Elements
 Slabs
 Two way slabs
 Estimation & Rate analysis of two way slabs
 Columns
 Rectangular Columns
 Estimation & Rate analysis of Rectangular Columns
 Beams
 Beams
 Estimation & Rate analysis of Beams
 Foundations
 Shallow foundation
 Estimation & Rate analysis of Shallow foundation
 Staircase
 Staircase
 Estimation & Rate analysis of Staircase

3. TYPES OF BUILDINGS
• Buildings are been divided into:
– Apartment building
• Apartment buildings are multi-story buildings where
three or more residences are contained within one
structure.
– Office building
• The primary purpose of an office building is to provide
a workplace and working environment for
administrative workers.

4. BUILDINGS
RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT BUILDINGS OFFICE BUILDINGS

5. RESIDENTIALAPARTMENT BUILDING
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6. MAJOR BUILDING PARTS
Superstructure
Substructure
Foundation

7. STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Any reinforced concrete structure consists of :
– Slabs
– Beams
– Columns
– Foundations
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8. SLABS
• TYPES OF SLABS:
1. One-way slab
2. Two-way slab
3. Flat plate slab

9. SLABS
TWO WAY SLABS:
• When slabs are supported on four
sides, two-way spanning occurs.
• When the ratio of long span to short
span is less than 2 then the slab is
known as Two way slabs.
• The load is distributed in all four
sides.

10. SLABS
• The reinforcements will be placed
along the length and the breadth
i.e. the reinforcements will be
perpendicular to one another
• Two-way slabs carry load in two
directions.
• The slabs used in this residential
building are the two way slabs

11. ESTIMATED QUANTITIES OF SLABS
• CONCRETE:
• concrete quantity in ground & cellar floors=315.51 m3
• concrete quantity in 5 floors =788.79 m3
 TOTAL QUANTITY = 1104.3 m3
• REINFORCEMENT:
• Total reinforcement in ground & cellar floors=1.708 tons
• Total reinforcement in 5 floors=11.704 tons
 TOTAL QUANTITY= 13.412 tons

12. COLUMNS
• It is a vertical structural
member supporting
axial compressive loads,
with or with-out
moments.
• Support vertical loads
from the floors and roof
and transmit these
loads to the foundation.
COLUMN

13. COLUMNS
• TYPES OF COLUMN:
Tied columns
 Spiral columns
 Composite columns

14. COLUMNS
• TIED COLUMNS:
1. Tied columns have closed lateral ties spaced approximately
uniformly across the column.
2. A tied column is a concrete column reinforced with transverse
rectangular reinforcement called “ties “ in addition to longitudinal
reinforcement.
3. The main function of ties, as specified for tied columns, is to hold
the reinforcement in place during casting.
4. Ties may also serve to resist shear, confine the concrete, and
prevent the bars from buckling if they are proportioned properly
for those tasks.

15. COLUMNS
• MATERIALS:
• STEEL Fe500
• CONCRETE 53 GRADE
• STEEL DIAMETERS USED:
32,25,20,16 & 12 (IN MM)
• For longitudinal reinforcement in a column nominal cover
shall in case not be less than 40mm or less than the diameter
of such bar.
• In case of columns of minimum dimensions of 200mm or
under , whose reinforcement bars do not exceed 12mm , a
nominal cover of 25mm may be used.

16. COLUMNS
CONCRETE QUANTITY:
• Total concrete quantity =31812.78m3
REINFORCEMENT QUANTITY:
• Total reinforcement =10.212 tons

17. PEDESTAL
CONCRETE QUANTITY:
• Total concrete quantity =11.96 m3
REINFORCEMENT QUANTITY:
• Total reinforcement =0.243 tons
Pedestal

18. BEAMS
• A beam is a structural
element that is capable of
withstanding load primarily by
resisting bending.
• The bending force induced into
the material of the beam as a
result of the external loads,
own weight, span and external
reactions to these loads is
called a bending moment.

19. BEAMS
The beams are classified as:
• According to shape:
Rectangular, T, L, Circular etc
• According to supporting
conditions: Simply supported,
fixed, continuous and
cantilever beams
• According to reinforcement:
Singly reinforced and doubly
reinforced

20. BEAMS
• Minimum cover in beams must be
25 mm or shall not be less than the
larger diameter of bar for all steel
reinforcement including links.
• Nominal cover specified in Table 16
and 16A of IS456-2000 should be
used to satisfy the durability
criteria.
• These acrospans are used to
support all kinds of beams , slabs
etc
ACROSPANS

21. BEAMS
•Anchorage in steel bars is normally provided
in the form of bends and hooks
•The anchorage value of bend of bar is taken as
4 times the diameter of bar for every 450 bend
subjected to maximum of 16 times the
diameter of bar.

22. BEAMS
Generally a beam consists of following
steel reinforcements:
• Longitudinal reinforcement at tension and
compression face.
• Shear reinforcements in the form of vertical
stirrups and or bent up longitudinal bars are
provided.
• Side face reinforcement in the web of the
beam is provided when the depth of the
web in a beam exceeds 750 mm. (0.1% of
the web area and shall be distributed
equally on two faces at a spacing not
exceeding 300 mm or web thickness
whichever is less)

23. BEAMS
• Concrete is strong in compression and very weak
in tension.
• So for tension we use steel reinforcement in
beams to take up tensile stresses in reinforced
concrete beams.
• Mild steel bars or Deformed or High yield strength
deformed bars (HYSD)
• HYSD bars have ribs on the surface and this
increases the bond strength at least by 40%

24. • Specification for the reinforcement in beams is given in clause
8.1 to 8.6 of SP34
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25. BEAMS
CONCRETE QUANTITY:
• Total concrete quantity =463.47 m3
REINFORCEMENT QUANTITY:
• Total reinforcement =61.93 tons

26. FOUNDATIONS
• Foundations are structural components used to support
columns and transfer loads to the underlying Soil.
Foundations
Isolated Combined Strap wall Raft
Shallow
footing footing footing footing footing
Caissons Piles
Deep

27. FOUNDATIONS
• Foundation used in this residential apartment
is shallow foundation.
• The function of a footing or a foundation is to
transmit the load form the structure to the
underlying soil.
• The choice of suitable type of footing depends
on the depth at which the bearing strata lies,
the soil condition and the type of
superstructure.

28. FOUNDATION
• SHALLOW FOUNDATION
Combined footing
Raft footing
Stepped footing
COMBINED FOOTING

29. FOUNDATIONS
 COMBINED FOOTING:
Combined footings are provided only when it is absolutely
necessary, as
1. When two columns are close together, causing overlap
of adjacent isolated footings
2. Where soil bearing capacity is low, causing overlap of
adjacent isolated footings
3. Proximity of building line or existing building or sewer,
adjacent to a building column.
 In this Residential Building they used 2 combined
footings due to the overlap of columns.

30. FOUNDATIONS
RAFT FOOTING:
 If the loads transmitted by the columns in a structure are so heavy
(or) the allowable soil pressure so small that individual footings
would cover more than about half of the area it may be better to
provide a continuous footing under all columns and walls such a
footing is called Raft or Mat foundation .
 Raft foundations are also used to reduce the settlement of
structures located above highly compressible deposits.
 Since raft are usually at some depth in the ground, a large volume
of excavation may be required.
 In this residential apartment we took 1-Raft footing for the Lift.

31. FOUNDATIONS
• Remaining all the footings are stepped
footings.
• In this Residential Apartment stepped footings
are used because it can transfer the loads in a
stepwise manner safely