INTRODUTION AND ANATOMY OF FACIAL MSCLES

1. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
DR.PADMASREE PATOWARY
1ST YR PG

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction.
• Embryology.
• Classification.
• Description of each muscles.
• Surgical implications.
• Summary.
• References.

3. • Muscle is a band or bundle of fibrous tissue in a
human or animal body that has the ability to
contract, producing movement in or maintaining the
position of parts of the body.
INTRODUCTION

4. • The muscles of the head and neck perform many
important tasks-
1. Movement Of The Head And Neck
2. Mastication
3. Speech
4. Facial Expressions
5. Movement Of The Eyes.

5. • These tasks require both strong, forceful movements
and some of the fastest, finest, and most delicate
adjustments in the entire human body.
• The muscles of the face are unique among groups of
muscles in the body.

6. • Most muscles of the body connect to and move only
bones, whereas muscles of facial expression mostly
connect bones to skin.
• These muscles pull on the skin to produce infinite
number of facial expressions.

7. • Any disorder of muscles of facial expression, patient
usually visits a physician, plastic surgeon and an oral
and maxillofacial surgeon.

8. • This makes oral and maxillofacial surgeons to have
thorough knowledge on anatomy and clinical
implications of muscles of facial expression essential,
which in turn enables them to differentiate abnormal
from normal and manage or refer appropriately.

9. EMBRYOLOGY

10. The mesenchymal component of the pharyngeal arches
gives rise to special visceral musculature, which is
voluntary in nature.
Muscles of facial expression develops from 2nd pheryngyal
arch.

12. CLASSIFICATION
Muscles of facial expression classified into two
types
Functionally
Topographically

13. Functionally, muscles of facial expression
may be regarded as regulators of three (3)
openings
Palpebral fissure Orbicularis oculi 1.Levator palpebral
superioris
2.Occipitofrontalis
Oral fissure Orbicularis oris All muscles of
mouth,except
mentalis
Nostrils Compressor naris 1.Dilator naris
2.Depressor septi
3.Medial slip of
levator labii
superioris alaque nasi
Opening Sphincter Dilators

14. Topographically
-Muscle of scalp
-Muscles of eyelids
-Muscles of nose
-Muscles around the mouth
- Muscles of auricle
-Muscles of neck

15. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

16. Muscles of the Scalp-Occipitofrontalis
Occipitofrontalis
Origin:
Frontalis -Covers the forehead and is attached to
skin of the eyebrows.
Occipitalis-Lateral part of superior nuchal line of
occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone

17. Insertion:
Frontalis: skin of the eyebrows;
Occipitalis: galea aponeurotica
Innervation
frontalis: temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
occipitalis: posterior auricular branch of the facial
nerve (VII)
Artery
Frontalis: Supraorbital and Supratrochlear artery;
Occipitalis: Occipital artery.

18. Actions
Elevates the
eyebrows and
wrinkles on the
forehead.

19. Muscles of the Eyelids

20. Orbicularis oculi :
Origin
Orbital part: medial orbital margin and the medial
palpebral ligament;
Palpebral part: medial palpebral ligament.
Insertion
orbital part: skin of the lateral cheek;
palpebral part: lateral palpebral raphe

22. Innervation
Temporal & Zygomatic branches of the facial nerve
(VII)
Artery
Supraorbital artery, Supratrochlear artery,
Infraorbital artery, Angular branch of the facial
artery.
Actions
Closes the eyelids

23. the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Origin
skin of the upper eyelid, as well as the
superior tarsal plate
Insertion
oculomotor nerve (III) and sympathetics (to the
superior tarsal portion) :
Innervation

24. Artery
Ophthalmic artery
Action
Elevates and retracts
the upper eyelid.

25. Corrugator Supercilli
Origin :
Medial end of superciliary arch
Insertion:
Into the skin of middle of eyebrow
Innervation:
Temporal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

26. Artery
supratrochlear artery
Action :
Vertical lines in forehead :
frowning

27. Muscles around the Nose

28. Procerus
Origins
nasal bone
Insertion
skin between the eyebrows
Innervation
temporal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

29. Artery
supratrochlear artery
Action
depresses the medial corners
of the eyebrows

30. Nasalis
Origins
maxilla above the incisor
teeth and the canine teeth
Insertion
ala of the nose and midline
aponeurosis
Innervation
buccal branch of the facial
nerve (VII)

31. Artery
superior labial branch of the
facial artery.
Action
flattens the nose, flare the
nostrils

32. Depressor septi
Origin
maxilla near the midline above the
incisor teeth
Insertion
nasal septum
Innervation
buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)
Artery
superior labial branch of the facial
artery
Action
depresses the nasal septum;
involved in flaring the nostrils

33. MUSCLES AROUND THE MOUTH

34. Orbicularis Oris :
Origin:
-Some fibres originate near the midline from the maxilla
superiorly and mandible inferiorly
-Other fibres from the buccinator in the cheek and other
muscles acting on the lips
Insertion:
-It inserts into the skin and mucous membrane of the
lips.

35. Innervation
Buccal branch of the facial nerve
(VII)
Artery
Superior and inferior labial
branches of the facial artery,
mental artery, infraorbital
artery.

36. Action:
-Contraction narrows
the mouth and closes the
lips
-Aids in protruding the
lips eg:kissing
-Whistling

37. Buccinator :
Origin:
-Upper fibres from maxilla
-Lower fibres from
mandible
-Middle fibres from
pterygomandibular
raphae
Insertion:
-Upper fibres into upper lip
-Lower fibres into lower lip
-Middle fibres decussate

38. Innervation
buccal branches of the
facial nerve (VII)
Artery
facial artery.

39. Action:
-Whistling muscle
-Aids in mastication by
maintaining the bolus
between molar teeth
-Involved in sucking
-Forceful expulsion of air from cheek (eg: playing an
instrument)

40. Levator labii superioris alaque nasi :
Origin:
Frontal process of maxilla
next to the nose.
Insertion:
Alar cartilage of nose and
upper lip.

41. Innervation
buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)
Artery
infraorbital artery, superior labial branch of the
facial artery.
Action:
Raises upper lip and open nostrils.

42. Levator labii superioris :
Origin:
-From maxilla just
superior to the infraorbital
foramen
Insertion:
-Skin of upper lateral
half of upper lip

43. Innervation
-Buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)
Artery
-Infraorbital artery, superior labial branch of
the facial artery
Action:
-Raises upper lip
-Helps form nasolabial furrow in sadness

44. Levator anguli oris :
Origin:
-From maxilla just
inferior to the infraorbital
foramen
Insertion
-Into the skin at the
corner of the mouth

45. Innervation
buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)
Artery
infraorbital artery, superior labial branch of the facial artery
Action
-Elevates the corner of mouth
-Helps to deepen the nasolabial furrow during sadness

46. Depressor angular oris :
Origin:
-From oblique line of
mandible below canine,
premolar and first molar
Insertion:
-Into skin and upper
part of orbicularis oris near
the corner of the mouth

47. Innervation
marginal mandibular &
buccal branches of the facial
nerve (VII)
Artery
inferior labial branch of the
facial artery, mental artery.
Action:
-Draws the corner of
the mouth downwards and
laterally.
-Muscle action in grief

48. Depressor labii inferioris :
Origin:
-From front of the
mandible or anterior part of
oblique line of the mandible
Insertion:
-Lower lip at midline,
blends with muscle from
opposite side

49. Innervation
marginal mandibular branch
of the facial nerve (VII)
Artery
inferior labial branch of the
facial artery, mental artery.
Action:
-Draws the lip laterally
and downward

50. Zygomaticus major
Origin:
-Posterior part of
lateral surface of zygomatic
bone
Insertion
-Skin at the corner of
the mouth

51. Innervation
Zygomatic and buccal branches
of the facial nerve (VII)
Artery
Transverse facial artery, facial
artery
Action:
Draws corner of the mouth
upward and laterally
Helps produce a smile and help
in laughing

52. Zygomaticus minor :
Origin:
-From anterior part of
lateral surface of zygomatic
bone
Insertion:
-Skin at the corner of the
mouth

53. Innervation
buccal branch of the
facial nerve (VII)
Artery
transverse facial artery,
facial artery
Action:
-elevates the upper
lip

54. Risorius
Origin:
-From fascia over
masseter muscle
Insertion
-Skin at the corner of
the mouth

55. Innervation
buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
Artery
transverse facial a., facial a.
Action:
Contraction of its fibres pulls the corner of the
mouth laterally and upwards

56. Mentalis :
Origin:
From mandible just
inferior to the incisors
Insertion:
-Into skin of the chin

57. Innervation
Marginal mandibular branch
of the facial nerve (VII)
Artery
Mental artery, inferior labial
branch of the facial artery
Action:
Elevates the lower lip and skin
of chin

58. MUSCLES OF AURICLE

59. Auricularis
Origin
anterior: galea
aponeurotica anterior to
ear
superior: galea
aponeurotica superior to
ear
posterior: mastoid process
Insertion
auricle anteriorly,
superiorly and posteriorly
Superior auricular
Anterior auricular Posterior auricular

60. Innervation
anterior & superior: temporal
branches of facial nerve (VII);
posterior: posterior auricular
branch of facial nerve (VII)
Artery
superficial temporal artery,
posterior auricular artery.
Action
wiggle the ears

61. MUSCLES OF NECK

62. Platysma :
Origin:
-Upper parts of pectoral and
deltoid fascia
-Fibres run upwards and
medially
Insertion:
-Anterior part of the base of
the mandible
-Posterior fibres to the skin of
the lower face and lip
-May be continuous with
risorius

63. Innervation
cervical branch of the
facial nerve (VII)
Artery
facial artery
Action:
-Releases pressure of skin on the veins,
depresses mandible, pulls the angle of the
mouth downwards as in horror or surprise

64. Summery

65. orbicularis
oculi
orbital part:
medial orbital
margin and
the medial
palpebral
ligament;
palpebral part:
medial
palpebral
ligament
orbital part:
skin of the
lateral cheek;
palpebral part:
lateral
palpebral
raphe
closes the
eyelids
temporal &
zygomatic
branches of
the facial
nerve (VII)
supraorbital
a.,
supratrochlear
a., infraorbital
a., angular
branch of the
facial a.
orbicularis oris skin and fascia
of lips and the
area
surrounding
the lips
skin and fascia
of the lips
purses the lips buccal branch
of the facial
nerve (VII)
superior and
inferior labial
branches of
the facial a.,
mental a.,
infraorbital a.
platysma fascia
overlying the
pectoralis
major and
deltoid
muscles
inferior border
of the
mandible and
skin of lower
face
draws the
corners of the
mouth down;
it aids in
depression of
the mandible
cervical
branch of the
facial nerve
(VII)
facial a.

66. buccinator pterygomandi
bular raphe,
mandible, and
the maxilla
lateral to the
molar teeth
angle of
mouth and
the lateral
portion of the
upper and
lower lips
pulls the
corner of
mouth
laterally;
presses the
cheek against
the teeth
buccal
branches of
the facial
nerve (VII)
facial a.
Corrugator
supercilli
medial part of
the
supercillary
arch
skin of the
medial half of
the eyebrow
pulls
eyebrows
together
medially
temporal
branch of the
facial nerve
(VII)
supratrochlear
a.

67. References.
 Human anatomy Volume3 B D Chaurasia
 Gray’s anatomy 40th edition
 MedCharts Anatomy by Thomas R. Gest & Jaye
Schlesinger Published by ILOC, Inc., New York
Copyright © 1995
 Mackenzie, Colin (1918). The Action of Muscles:
Including Muscle Rest and Muscle Re-education
England: Paul B. Hoeber. p. 1. Retrieved April
18, 2015.

68. THANK YOU