The document discusses eutrophication presented by student Gourav Roy. It defines eutrophication as over-nutrition of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon in water bodies. There are two types: natural eutrophication caused by natural processes without human interference, and cultural eutrophication which is accelerated by human activities like fertilizer and sewage runoff. Examples of eutrophication around the world and in Bangladesh are provided. Control methods include minimizing non-point pollution through buffer zones and reducing imported and endogenous nutrients.
5. Derivation of the Word “Eutrophication”
Eutrophication
“Eu”
means “well”
“trope” means
“nourishment”
6. What is Eutrophication
From that sense “Eutrophication” refers to the over
nutrition of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Carbon in the
water bodies.
From another sense, eutrophication is the ultimate
consequence of bacterial decomposition of the green
lives and further scarcity of oxygen and suffocation as
well.
7. Types of Eutrophication
There are two types of eutrophication:
• Natural Eutrophication
• Cultural Eutrophication
Eutrophication
Natural Eutrophication
Cultural Eutrophication
8. Natural Eutrophication
Eutrophication that is caused
by the normal process of the
nature not interfered by
human activities is termed as
natural eutrophication.
This sort of eutrophication
takes many years to affect the
water bodies in a full force.
Water bodies not near the
industrial or human habitat
places are affected by such
sort of eutrophication. Figure: Natural Eutrophication
9. Cultural Eutrophication
It’s a sort of eutrophication
that is caused by human
activities.
It’s a rapid process as it takes
only decades to eutrify and
ultimately pollutes the water.
So it is much more alarming
than the natural
eutrophication.
It’s a process that speeds up
the natural eutrophication
process.
Figure: Cultural Eutrophication
11. Sources of Eutrophication
Sources of
Eutrophicati
on
Point
sources
Industrial
sources
Power plants
Sewage
Treatment
Plants
Non-Point
Sources
Urban sources
Agricultural
sources
Chemical
Fertilizers
Manure
Aquaculture
Fossil fuel
sources
Forestry Land
sources
12. Now You are with…
Md. Gulam Kibria
Id No: 20-075
13. Sources of Eutrophication (Continued)
Point Sources:
Point sources are directly attributable to one influence. In point sources
the nutrient waste travels directly from source to water. Point sources
are relatively easy to regulate.
. Types Description
Industrial
Sources
Wastes from industries as emitted through pipes and proper
drainage points, it is the prominent point source.
Power Plants Power plants have specific emitting points through which
wastes are emitted
Sewage
Treatment
Plants
Treatment process releases oxides of Nitrogen and
Phosphates in effluents, which drain into water bodies
14. Sources of Eutrophication (Continued)
Non-point Sources:
Nonpoint source pollution (also known as 'diffuse' or 'runoff' pollution) is
that which comes from ill-defined and diffuse sources.
Nonpoint sources are difficult to regulate and usually vary spatially and
temporally (with season, precipitation, and other irregular events).
Types Description
Urban Sources Habitants of urban areas when emit their
wastes haphazardly, it becomes a non-point
source.
Agricultural Sources Agricultural wastes like peats, cow-dung,
vegetable wastes are of this type.
Fossil Fuel Sources If emissions of fossil fuels have no specific
point source it is non-point source.
Forestry Land Sources Forestry land sources are also non-point
sources of eutrophication.
15. Causes of Eutrophication
Natural run-off of
nutrients from the
soil and the
weathering of rocks.
Run-off of
inorganic
fertilizer
Run-off of
manure from
farms
Run-off from
erosion
Discharge of
detergents
(containing
phosphates).
Discharge of
partially treated
or untreated
sewage
Causes of
Eutrophication
Normally the sources of
eutrophication are
indirectly responsible for
eutrophication. But the
responsible causes are
here in this picture:
17. Steps of Eutrophication Process
1. Fertilizer flows into water
causing…
2. Increased plant growth on
the surface of
water, causing…..
3. Decreased light in lower
levels of water,
causing…
18. Steps of Eutrophication Process (Cont’d)
4. Plants in lower levels of water
to die, causing….
5. Decay using up O2 and increasing
CO2,causing…...
6. Death of fish and other animals.
19. Eutrophication Process in 5 Stages
NUTRIENTS LOAD
UP
PLANTS
FLOURISH
ALGAE BLOOMS,
OXYGEN
DEPLETED
DECOMPOSITION
FURTHUR
DEPLETES
OXYGEN
DEATH OF THE
ECOSYSTEM
24. Negative Impacts of Eutrophication (Cont’d)
Ecological Impacts:
Human Health Impacts:
Harmful algal blooms which produce algal toxins found in marine
ecosystem cause harm to human beings as well as animals
Increased biomass of phytoplankton resulting in algal blooms
Increased blooms of gelatinous zooplankton
Increased biomass of macroalgae
Toxic or inedible phytoplankton species
New species invasion & Decreases in water transparency
Dissolved oxygen depletion or hypoxia resulting in death of benthic animals
25. Negative Impacts of Eutrophication (Cont’d)
Socio-economic Impacts:
Impact Description
Impact on recreation
and tourism
Decreases the fitness for use of the water for water sports
(swimming, boating and fishing);
Aesthetic impacts Algal blooms are unsightly and can have unpleasant
smells.
Economical impacts Infected waters increases the costs of water treatment;
Threat for fishing industries;
26. Negative Impacts of Eutrophication(Cont’d)
Other Impacts:
Increased vegetation may impede water flow and the
movement of boats
Decrease in the amenity value of the water;
The water may become unsuitable for drinking even
after treatment
Increase in rate of sedimentation
27. Positive Impacts of Eutrophication
Improves biodiversity.
Boosts ecotourism.
Source of fish’s food.
Aids in waste removal.
The positive impacts of eutrophication are:
28. Now You are with…
Al-Amin Khandakar
Id No: 20-019
29. World’s Scenario of Eutrophication
The Potomac River, the
fourth largest river along the
Atlantic coast and the 21st
largest in the United States
Lake Erie, the fourth largest
lake of the five Great Lakes
in North America
30. World’s Scenario of Eutrophication (Cont’d)
Lake Iamonia, located
at northern Leon
County, Florida, USA.
Lake Biwa ,the largest
freshwater lake in Japan
31. World’s Scenario of Eutrophication (Cont’d)
Lake Tai or Lake Taihu, a
large freshwater lake in the
Yangtze Delta plain near
Shanghai, China
Lake Naivasha,
located in Kenya
32. World’s Scenario of Eutrophication (Cont’d)
Dianchi Lake or Lake Dian
and Kunming Lake, is a large
lake located at southern China
Lake Winnipeg, a large
in central North America
33. Bangladesh’s Scenario of Eutrophication
Gulshan Lake,
located at Dhaka City
A village pond, located
at Manikganj
34. Bangladesh’s Scenario of Eutrophication
An Eutrophic river at
Bandarban
An Eutrophic river at
Munshiganj
35. How to Control Eutrophication?
Shellfish in
estuaries
Minimizing nonpoint pollution
• Riparian buffer zones
• Nitrogen testing and modeling
• Organic farming
• Reducing the Importing Nutrients
• Endogenous Nutrients Control
• Reducing soil erosion
• Implementing Law
Eutrophication
It has been shown that nitrogen transport is correlated with various indices of human activity in watersheds, including the amount of development. Ploughing in agriculture and development are activities that contribute most to nutrient loading