Animal ethics

1. Animal ethics

2. Early Events and Legislation
• 1635: First known animal protection legislation
passes, in Ireland, "An Act against plowing by the
tayle, and pulling the wool off living sheep."
• 1641: The Massachusetts colony's Body of Liberties
includes regulations against "Tirranny or Crueltie"
toward animals.
• 1687: Japan reintroduces a ban on eating meat and
killing animals.
• 1780: English philosopher Jeremy Bentham argues for
better treatment of animals.
https://www.thoughtco.com/historical-timeline-of-animal-rights-movement-127594

3. From Antiquity to the Renaissance
• Galen of Pergamon (2nd–3rd century CE), the prolific
Roman physician of Greek ethnicity who developed,
to an unprecedented level, the techniques for
dissection and vivisection of animals
• The use of animal experiments to satisfy scientific enquiry
would only re-emerge in the Renaissance. Flemish
anatomist Vesalius (1514–1564), through the course of his
work as a physician and surgeon, realized that many
anatomical structures thought to exist in humans—on
account of them being present in other animals—were in
fact absent.
Franco NH. Animal Experiments in Biomedical Research: A Historical Perspective. Animals (Basel). 2013 ;3(1):238-73.

4. Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the
Enlightenment
• Physiological
experiments on animals
carried on throughout
the seventeenth
century, in the period
favorable to scientific
progress now known as
the Age of
Enlightenment.
•
Franco NH. Animal Experiments in Biomedical Research: A Historical Perspective. Animals (Basel). 2013 ;3(1):238-73.
Source: ©Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

5. Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the
Enlightenment
Franco NH. Animal Experiments in Biomedical Research: A Historical Perspective. Animals (Basel). 2013 ;3(1):238-73.
“An Experiment on a Bird in an air pump”, by Joseph Wright
of Derby (detail) (1768).

6. Eighteenth Century and the Rise of Moral
Consideration for Animals
Franco NH. Animal Experiments in Biomedical Research: A Historical Perspective. Animals (Basel). 2013 ;3(1):238-73.
Pasteur in his animal facility was published in Harper’s Weekly in the
United States, on 21 June 1884.

7. Animal ethics, Animal rights, Anti-vivisection
1. Vivisection and Animal Testing Crime
2. The Cosmetic Pain
3. Health Charities Abuse
4. Descartes, Darwin, and Vivisection
5. Peter Singer and Animal Rights
6. Last Chance for Animals
7. Violations in American Universities
8. Brain Studies and Neuroscience
9. Aristotle and the Class System in Britain
https://www.citizenthought.net/Animal_Ethics_Animal_Rights.html#Pain

8. Animal ethics, Animal rights, Anti-vivisection
• Vivisection and Animal Testing Crime
https://www.citizenthought.net/Animal_Ethics_Animal_Rights.html#Pain
Victims of laboratory crime
"One animal dies in a laboratory in the USA every second, in Japan every two seconds,
and in the UK every twelve seconds."

9. Animal ethics, Animal rights, Anti-vivisection
• The Cosmetic Pain
https://www.citizenthought.net/Animal_Ethics_Animal_Rights.html#Pain
Cosmetic victims in the stocks. Copyright Brian Gunn /IAAPEA

10. Animal ethics, Animal rights, Anti-vivisection
• Health Charities Abuse
• Descartes, Darwin, and Vivisection
https://www.citizenthought.net/Animal_Ethics_Animal_Rights.html#Pain
No escape from Darwin's Hell

11. Animal ethics, Animal rights, Anti-vivisection
• Peter Singer and Animal Rights
https://www.citizenthought.net/Animal_Ethics_Animal_Rights.html#Pain
Peter Singer
The Australian philosopher
Peter Singer contributed an
influential counter-thesis to
the laboratory abuse of
animals.
Two cat victims of laboratory crime

12. Animal ethics, Animal rights, Anti-vivisection
• Last Chance for Animals
• Violations in American Universities
https://www.citizenthought.net/Animal_Ethics_Animal_Rights.html#Pain
A survivor from the University of
California labs. This baby female
monkey was saved by animal rights
activists. Vivisectors had sewn her
eyelids shut and applied a sonar
device to her head. She was very
uncomfortable.

13. Animal ethics, Animal rights, Anti-vivisection
• Brain Studies and Neuroscience
• Aristotle and the Class System in Britain
https://www.citizenthought.net/Animal_Ethics_Animal_Rights.html#Pain
A victim of xenotransplantation, endorsed by academic,
commercial, and government strategies

14. Animal ethics, Animal rights, Anti-vivisection
Silver Spring monkeys
The Silver Spring monkeys were 17
wild-born macaque monkeys from the
Philippines who were kept in the
Institute for Behavioral Research in
Silver Spring, Maryland.
• 1981: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
(PETA)
• 1985: Amendment in 1985 to the Animal Welfare
Act
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Spring_monkeys

15. https://image3.slideserve.com/5600296/slide13-n.jpg

16. Three Rs
• The principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction
and Refinement) were developed over 50 years ago
providing a framework for performing more humane
animal research.
https://www.nc3rs.org.uk/the-3rs