2. A. MOTIVATION FOR TRAVEL
Several studies of tourist motivations have listed various
reasons why people travel. Some of these motivation listed in
travel literature are:
-escape -convince oneself of one’s achievement
-relaxation -show one’s importance to others
-relief of tension -status and prestige
-sunlust -self-discovery
-physical -cultural
-health -education
-family togetherness -professional/business
-interpersonal relations -wanderlust
-roots or ethnic -interest in foreign areas
-maintain social contacts -scenery
3. FOUR BASIC TRAVEL MOTIVATORS
1.) Physical motivators – includes those related to
physical rest, sports participation, beach recreation,
relaxing entertainment, and other motivations directly
connected with health.
2.) Cultural Motivators – include the desire to know
about the other countries----their music, art, folklore,
dances, paintings and religions.
3.) Interpersonal Motivators – pertain to the desire
to meet other people, visit friends or relatives, escape
form routine, from family, and neighbors.
4.) Status and prestige motivators – concern ego
needs and personal development.
4. B. TRAVEL AS A MEANS TO SATISFY
A NEED AND WANT
The key to understand tourist motivation is to
view vacation travel as a vehicle to satisfy one’s
needs and wants.
5. C. RELATIONSHIP OF NEEDS,
WANTS, AND MOTIVES
The difference between a need and a want is
awareness. It is the duty of people involved in
marketing to convert needs into wants by making
the individual aware of his need deficiencies.
7. MASLOW’S THEORY OF
MOTIVATION AND TRAVEL
MOTIVATIONS
1.) Physiological Needs- hunger, thirst, rest
and activity.
2.) Safety Needs- safety and security, freedom
from fear and anxiety.
3.) Social Needs- love, affection, giving and
receiving.
4.)Self-esteem- self-respect, and esteem from
others.
5.) Self-actualization- personal self-fulfillment
8. TOURIST MOTIVATIONS
A. The Need for Escape or Change
-the greatest reason for travel can be summed up
in one word. “escape”.
B. Travel for Health - the search for
health and long life has
popularized the spas, seaside
resorts, as well as sun resorts.
C. Sports - people demand activity and excitement
during their leisure hours to relieve them from the
boredom of their work.
9. D. Social Contact- Much travel grows out of
the social nature of people. Human beings are
social animals.
E. Status and Prestige- travel provides the
means for ego or self-enhancement. Travel to a
poor country can provide traveler with a feeling
of superiority.
F. Travel for Education- the search for
knowledge and truth is inherit in every
individual. Travel offers an opportunity to
satisfy the urge to learn.
10. G. Personal Values- many people urged to
travel to satisfy personal values, such as the
search for spiritual experience, patriotism, and
whole-someness.
H. Cultural Experience- cross cultural
exchanges, experiencing how other people live
and fostering international understanding.
I. Shopping and Bargain Hunting- to many
people, the joy derived from buying certain goods
may be the major reason for travel.
11. J. Professional and Business Motives- a
great number of professional and business
motives. Conference and conventions about
education, commerce, and industry increase
annually.
K. Search for Natural Beauty- travel can
satisfy one’s search for beauty in the
environment and in the scenery.
12. CLASSIFICATIONS OF TRAVELERS
BASED ON PERSONALITY
1.) Psychocentrics, or people centered on
self, are inhibited and unadventurous.
When travelling, they prefer “safe”
destinations.
2.) Allocentrics, or people having interest
and attention on other persons, are highly
curious and thrive on stimulation and
change. More adventurous kind of traveler.
13. CLASSIFICATIONS OF TRAVELERS
BASED ON PURPOSE OF TRAVEL
A. Business Travelers
-majority of travelers in most developed
countries such as the United States,
Canada, and the United Kingdom are the
business travelers.
They are divided into three categories
namely:
14. 1.) Regular Business Travelers- among business
travelers, the cost of the trip is shouldered by
the company; hence, travel is not influenced by
personal income.
2.) Business Travelers Attending Meetings,
Convention, Congresses- a regular formalized
meeting of associations or body or a meeting
sponsored by an association or body on a regular
or ad hoc basis.
3.) Incentive Travelers- a special type of business
travel. It is travel given by firms to employees as
a reward for some accomplishment or to
encourage employees to achieve more than what
is required.
15. B. Pleasure/Personal Travelers
This group consists of people traveling for
vacation or pleasure. They are also called non-
business travelers.
This kind of travelers are classified into the
following categories:
16. 1.) Resort Travelers- surveys have shown that
resort travelers are better educated, have higher
house-hold incomes, and are more likely to have
professional and managerial positions.
2.) Family Pleasure Travelers- divided into 3
groups.
The junior families. Parents aged 20-34 and
having a pre-school or grade school children
only.
Mid-range families. Parents aged 35-44 with
grade or high school children.
Mature families. Parents aged 45 and over
with children who are of high school age and
older. -
17. 3.) The Elderly – these are the travelers
age are “50 plus”
4.) Singles and Couples – They take
their vacations to fulfill their
psychological, intellectual, and
physical needs by giving them the
opportunity to rest, relax escape the
routine of pressures of daily living,
enjoy the naturalness of life, and to
express total freedom.
18. THE ROLE OF TOURISM IN
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Several developing countries have used
tourism development as an alternative to
help economic growth. Reasons for these
are: First, there is a continuous demand
for international travel in developed
countries. Second, as income in developed
countries increases, the demand for
tourism also increases at a faster rate.
Third, developing countries need foreign
exchange to aid their economic
development.
19. The Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development
(OECD) has concluded that tourism
provides a major opportunity for
growth for countries that are at the
intermediate stage of economic
development and require more
foreign exchange earnings
20. TOURISM MULTIPLIER
The term multiplier is used to describe the
total effect, both direct and secondary, of
an external source of income introduced
into the economy. Tourism multiplier or
multiplier effect is used to estimate the
direct and secondary effects of tourist
expenditures on the economy of a country.
21. COST BENEFIT RATIO
Those concerned with developing the
tourism industry, whether a
government or a private individual,
would like to know the extent of
potential benefits and their costs.
Benefits divided by costs-benefit
ratio.
22. To arrive at these ratios, the following procedures are
used:
1. Determine where the tourist dollar is spent
2. Determine what percentage of each expenditure
leaves the local economy
3. Derive a “multiplier effect”, a ratio applied to income
that reflects multiple spending within an economy
4. Apply the multiplier effect to the tourist expenditures
to arrive at the total benefits of tourist expenditures
in dollars
5. Derive a cost-benefit ratio expressed as dollars
received/ dollars spent; and
6. Apply the cost-benefit ratios to tourist expenditures to
provide estimates of income and costs of tourist
business to a community, for both the private and
public sectors
23. THE SOCIAL NATURE OF TRAVEL
Travel is brought about by the social nature of
man. Human beings, as social animals, feel
comfortable in a tour group. They feel that their
trips is more enjoyable and free from anxiety if
they join a group tour. Camaraderie often
develops friendships that last for a year.
24. THE SOCIAL EFFECTS OF TOURISM
Tourism is concerned with the movement of and
contact between people in different geographical
locations.
25. SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES AND
THEIR EFFECT ON TRAVEL
A. Age
B. Income and Social Status
C. Education
D. Life Stages of the Family
26. THE RISE OF NEW TRAVEL
PATTERNS
A. Travel Clubs
B. Airline Group and Arrangements
C. Special Interest Group
