As a result of digitisation of analogue holdings and working processes, more and more material from audiovisual archies is being made available online. This marks a transformative shift, as archives and users are now sharing the same information space. Once digital and part of an open network, objects from audiovisual archives can be shared, recommended, remixed, embedded, cited, referenced to and so on. It is a far cry from several years ago, when users were obliged to visit brick and mortar institutions to access collections. This shift towards digital enables archives to fulfil their pubic missions better; crossing geographical boundaries, using new channels for content distribution, engage with user groups and use new technologies to make work processes more efficient and allow for new access points to collections. It also introduces fundamental challenges, forcing audiovisual archives to [1] rethink their role and function in the value chain of media production and modern society at large, [2] assess which activities and competences are vital to succeed in a digital context. We envision the future audiovisual archives to be smart, connected and open; using smart technologies to optimise workflows for annotation and content distribution. Collaborating with third parties to co-design and co-develop new technologies in order to manifest themselves as frontrunners rather than followers. Being connected to other sources of information (other collections, contextual sources), to a variety of often niche user communities, researchers and the creative industries. To embrace the use of standards defined by external instances rather than by the cultural heritage communities themselves. Fully embrace ‘open’ as the default to have maximum impact in society: applying open licences for content delivery, using open source software and open standards wherever possible. Promote open access to publications and so on. This keynote examines how the public mission of archives (i.e. supporting a myriad of users to utilize collections to learn, experience and create) can be achieved in a digital context. It addresses the challenges related to the role and function of institutions and provides practical insights in how archives can establish a culture of innovation to manage challenges they face today. It addresses some of the major questions audiovisual archives are faced with today.

1. Towards more smart, connected and open audiovisual archives
Johan Oomen
Head of Research
Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision
@johanoomen
29 October 2014
http://sipad2014.sched.org

8. A
10,3 petabyte
(October. 2014)
Visuals https://vimeo.com/51425368 - Sebastiaan ter Burg CC-BY
+ backup
10,3 petabyte

9. A variety of ‘entities’ look after audiovisual collections!
A
- broadcast archives
- national audiovisual archives
- libraries with AV collections
- museums, footage sales libraries, …
- private ‘archives’
https://www.flickr.com/photos/49873808@N00/ (cc-by)

10. Source: http://blog.1000memories.com/94-number-of-photos-ever-taken-digital-and-analog-in-shoebox
Date of publication: 2011. Note 1000 Memories stopped its operations after being acquired by Ancestry

11. Institutions and missions
- “As guardian of Dutch audiovisual heritage, we keep Dutch
history, as documented in moving images, alive. We enable
everyone to utilize the collections to learn, experience and
create.” (mission Sound and Vision)
- “[a library] is a place where a nation nourishes its memory, and
exerts its imagination - where it connects with its past and
invents its future” (Pierre Ryckmans, 1996)
- „places that foster curiosity, celebrate ideas and enable
discovery.” (sxswLAM community, http://www.sxswlam.com/)

12. Impact
1. We are more effective and efficient in
delivering change and tangible benefits
(Internal Impact);
2. Our organization is gaining strategic
advantage through the innovation inherent in
this digital activity (Innovation Impact);
3. We are delivering a strong economic benefit
to our community that demonstrate the worth
and value of our endeavours in clear
monetary terms (Economic Impact);
4. and the community has been changed by the
resource in beneficial ways that can be clearly
identified (Social Impact)
Source: Simon Tanner, Kings College London
http://www.kdcs.kcl.ac.uk/innovation/impact.html

13. The picture we love…
…where everything revolves around the archive-
Source: http://www.avid.com/static/resources/common/documents/whitepapers/Avid_Everywhere.pdf

14. …in the meantime
- Content production changes
- Distribution changes
- Media consumption changes
- Business models change
- Attention economy
- Copyright legislation hardly changes

15. A
Source: https://vimeo.com/68370703

16. 2/3rd’s of digital universe Content = consumed & created
by consumers
Note: 1 petabyte = 1MM gigabytes, 1 zetabyte = 1MM petabytes.
Source: kpcb.com/InternetTrends

17. New stars!

18. ‘device share’ of TV Content
Source: Horowitz Associates, State of Cable and Digital Media Report, 4/14.
Note: Study based on 1,200 interviews in 1/14 among heads of households (18+) who watch any kind of TV.
Live TV defined as watching linear programming that is not time-shifted from original programming time intended.
TV Content defined as any type of video content. Computer includes desktop + notebook. Mobile includes smartphone +
tablet.

19. Content distribution

20. (not so legal) Content distribution

21. In the news this week…

22. 84% of mobile owners use devices while watching TV
Source: Nielsen Connected Devices Report, Q3, 2013
Sample = 13+ years old, 9,448 respondents who own a mobile device (tablet, smartphone, etc.)

23. Attention economy - some guestimates (1/2)
thousands of hrs of new television content produced by
Dutch public broadcasters every year
Hours of archival content of Sound
and Vision used in this new content

24. Attention economy - some guestimates (2/2)
Total collection of Sound and Vision
750k of hours (& growing daily)
we need different channels!
competing for attention

25. Sound and Vision - Channels (3 examples…)
general public & creative industries
media studies scholars general public

26. here we go! A

27. how do we reach out to new user
groups? What is the level and
nature of engagement we seek?
A

28. what service level do we
provide to new user groups?
(digital humanities scholars,
tourism, app developers, and so
A
on)

29. how can we fulfill our missions in
the context of current copyright
legislation, especially for recent
A
(in copyright) material?

30. what is our position in the ‘value
chain’ in an post-analogue
context? Which services do we
provide next to services offered
A
by market players?

31. ….. A
Source - Pedro Venzini (cc-by)

32. We need more of this
Smart Connected Open

33. Smart
– using new technologies for indexing and
retrieval and linking
– link to workflows of the creative industries
– explore distribution over various devices and
platforms

34. Audiovisual
broadcasts
Professional annotation
Search engine
General
public
Academics
Television
makers

35. General
public
Professional annotation Academics
Machine analysis Data gathering
Television
makers
Audiovisual
broadcasts
Search engine

36. Crowdsourcing News
Importer
Twitter Wikis
Subtitles
Data gathering

37. Data gathering: pros and cons
• Large-scale data for
some programs
• Access to opinions
about television
• Puts programs in
larger national context
• Affordable
• Noisy data
(sometimes)
• Not created for the
archive
• Unclear how the data
can be used
(sometimes)

38. Machine analysis
Audio transcripts Concept detectors
Multimedia
content analysis
Low-level features
today sniper fire disrupted the funeral of an
eleven year old ethnic albanian boy he was
killed yesterday while while chopping wood
his family blames serb police before his death
louisiana state police now say six workers
were killed after a natural gas well exploded
and caught fire about forty five miles east of
shreveport four others were injured in
yesterday's blast a police spokesman says the
derek started to melt in the intense heat the
Speaker recognition Face recognition

39. Machine analysis: pros and cons
• Extremely detailed,
millisecond-level
descriptions
• Directly describe video
content
• Affordable
• Large scale!
• Noisy
• Limited to what the
machine “knows”
• No summarisation of
what is important
• Confusing for users

40. AXES project
Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVfrSnmHE2o
Via: www.axes-project.eu/

41. Connected
- to users: Sound of the Netherlands
- between collections: EUscreen
- to distributed content: After the Libration

42. Sound of the Netherlands
www.geluidvannederland.nl
Step 1: uploading hundreds of high quality, digitized archival sounds
to Soundcloud

43. Sound of the Netherlands
Step 2: placing the sounds on the map & ask the world to contribute

44. Sound of the Netherlands
enrichments on Soundcloud
inserts in Wikipedia pages
app ‚Mix van
Nederland’
http://tools.wmflabs.org/glamtools/baglama.php?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Goose
https://soundcloud.com/beeldengeluid/
commentaar-en-racegeluiden-op
„Sound of the emperor goose”

45. Pan-European Aggregator for
Audiovisual Heritage
45
www.euscreen.eu

46. The consortium

47. The network

48. The website (1/2)

49. The website (2/2)
tens of thousands of video’s and photo’s

50. Beyond search => context!
exhibitions academic journal

51. Europeana
National Library of Spain (597)
Complutense University Library of Madrid (194)
EuroPhoto ANP provider (145)
Audiovisual Library of the European Commission (127)
Världskulturmuseet (93)
Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford (84)
askaboutireland.ie (83)
Classical Renaissance (64)
Etnografiska museet (42)
Royal Albert Memorial Museum (35)
National Library of the Netherlands - Koninklijke Bibliotheek (26)
Austrian National Library (21)
Ghent University Library (20)
EuroPhoto SCANPIX provider (19)
Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (13)
Royal Museums Greenwich (11)
Stadtgeschichtliches Museum Leipzig (10)
e_Buah (Universidad de Alcalá, Spain) (9)
The Wellcome Library (8)
TopFoto.co.uk (8)
Archiv der sozialen Demokratie (AdsD) (7)
Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem (7)
Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche (7)
Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (7)
Natural History Museum, Vienna - Herbarium W (7)
CulturaItaliaInternet Culturale / biblioteca nazionale centrale - firenze (6)
Hunterian Museum (5)
Nationaal Archief (5)
Uppsala University (5)
VGA (5)
DW-WORLD.DE | Deutsche Welle (4)
ČT (4)
Architekturmuseum der Technischen Universität Berlin in der Universitätsbibliothek (3)
Bavarian State Library (3)
Det Danske Filminstitut (3)
EuroPhoto MTI provider (3)
Imperial War Museums (3)
Sportmuseum Vlaanderen - Centrum voor Sportcultuur (3)
University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU (3)
Amsab-Institute of Social History (2)
Biblioteca Virtual del Patrimonio Bibliográfico (2)
Collecting Records OMP (2)
CulturaItaliaMuseiD-Italia (2)
EuroPhoto DPA provider (2)
Fitzwilliam Museum (2)
Natural History Museum of Denmark (2)
Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (2)
Smithsonian Institution Libraries (2)
TVC (2)
Uppsala Universitet (2)
architekturclips_network (2)
Alinari Archives (1)
Arts Productions Ltd (1)
Atria, Institute on Gender Equality and Women's History (1)
Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (1)
Bibliothek der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (1)
Catalogue en ligne Carmentis (1)
Cinecittà Luce S.p.A. (1)
Danish Broadcasting Corporation (1)
Deutsche Welle (1)
Deutsches Filminstitut - DIF (1)
Digital Mechanism and Gear Library - www.dmg-lib.org (1)
Digitum : Depósito de la Universidad de Murcia (1)
Frauenforschungs-, -bildungs- und -informationszentrum FFBIZ e.V. (1)
Fundacion Albeniz (1)
Gerstein - University of Toronto (archive.org) (1)
Gredos (Universidad de Salamanca, Spain) (1)
Hedatuz (1)
Institut National de l'Audiovisuel (1)
Institutul Național al Patrimoniului (1)
Kunst i offentlige rom - KORO (1)
Lippmann+Rau-Stiftung (Lippmann+Rau Foundation); Germany (1)
MAC's Grand-Hornu (1)
MBLWHOI Library (1)
Minerva (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain) (1)
ModeMuseum Provincie Antwerpen (1)
Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (University of Cambridge), Cambridge, UK (1)
Museum of Fine Arts Ghent (1)
Museum voor Schone Kunsten Gent (1)
NIOD (1)
Nasjonalbiblioteket (1)
National Library of Denmark (1)
National Széchényi Library (1)
Norges Olympiske Museum (1)
OAPEN Foundation (1)
Open Society Archives at Central European University (1)
Portable Antiquities (1)
Repozytorium Politechniki Krakowskiej (1)
Research Libraries UK (1)
Rijksmuseum (1)
Ringve (1)
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (1)
SNM - Historické múzeum v Bratislave (1)
Sunnfjord Museum (1)
Swiss National Library (1)
The European Library (1)
The Military Archives of Sweden (1)
Universitat Jaume I (1)
University of California Libraries (archive.org) (1)
University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries (archive.org) (1)
VRT (1)
32+ million objects (October 2014)
the query for “Mexico City” => results from 101 memory
organisations.

52. Europeana
National Library of Spain (597)
Complutense University Library of Madrid (194)
EuroPhoto ANP provider (145)
Audiovisual Library of the European Commission (127)
Världskulturmuseet (93)
Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford (84)
askaboutireland.ie (83)
Classical Renaissance (64)
Etnografiska museet (42)
Royal Albert Memorial Museum (35)
National Library of the Netherlands - Koninklijke Bibliotheek (26)
Austrian National Library (21)
Ghent University Library (20)
EuroPhoto SCANPIX provider (19)
Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (13)
Royal Museums Greenwich (11)
Stadtgeschichtliches Museum Leipzig (10)
e_Buah (Universidad de Alcalá, Spain) (9)
The Wellcome Library (8)
TopFoto.co.uk (8)
Archiv der sozialen Demokratie (AdsD) (7)
Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem (7)
Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche (7)
Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (7)
Natural History Museum, Vienna - Herbarium W (7)
CulturaItaliaInternet Culturale / biblioteca nazionale centrale - firenze (6)
Hunterian Museum (5)
Nationaal Archief (5)
Uppsala University (5)
VGA (5)
DW-WORLD.DE | Deutsche Welle (4)
ČT (4)
Architekturmuseum der Technischen Universität Berlin in der Universitätsbibliothek (3)
Bavarian State Library (3)
Det Danske Filminstitut (3)
EuroPhoto MTI provider (3)
Imperial War Museums (3)
Sportmuseum Vlaanderen - Centrum voor Sportcultuur (3)
University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU (3)
Amsab-Institute of Social History (2)
Biblioteca Virtual del Patrimonio Bibliográfico (2)
Collecting Records OMP (2)
CulturaItaliaMuseiD-Italia (2)
EuroPhoto DPA provider (2)
Fitzwilliam Museum (2)
Natural History Museum of Denmark (2)
Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (2)
Smithsonian Institution Libraries (2)
TVC (2)
Uppsala Universitet (2)
architekturclips_network (2)
Alinari Archives (1)
Arts Productions Ltd (1)
Atria, Institute on Gender Equality and Women's History (1)
Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (1)
Bibliothek der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (1)
Catalogue en ligne Carmentis (1)
Cinecittà Luce S.p.A. (1)
Danish Broadcasting Corporation (1)
Deutsche Welle (1)
Deutsches Filminstitut - DIF (1)
Digital Mechanism and Gear Library - www.dmg-lib.org (1)
Digitum : Depósito de la Universidad de Murcia (1)
Frauenforschungs-, -bildungs- und -informationszentrum FFBIZ e.V. (1)
Fundacion Albeniz (1)
Gerstein - University of Toronto (archive.org) (1)
Gredos (Universidad de Salamanca, Spain) (1)
Hedatuz (1)
Institut National de l'Audiovisuel (1)
Institutul Național al Patrimoniului (1)
Kunst i offentlige rom - KORO (1)
Lippmann+Rau-Stiftung (Lippmann+Rau Foundation); Germany (1)
MAC's Grand-Hornu (1)
MBLWHOI Library (1)
Minerva (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain) (1)
ModeMuseum Provincie Antwerpen (1)
Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (University of Cambridge), Cambridge, UK (1)
Museum of Fine Arts Ghent (1)
Museum voor Schone Kunsten Gent (1)
NIOD (1)
Nasjonalbiblioteket (1)
National Library of Denmark (1)
National Széchényi Library (1)
Norges Olympiske Museum (1)
OAPEN Foundation (1)
Open Society Archives at Central European University (1)
Portable Antiquities (1)
Repozytorium Politechniki Krakowskiej (1)
Research Libraries UK (1)
Rijksmuseum (1)
Ringve (1)
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (1)
SNM - Historické múzeum v Bratislave (1)
Sunnfjord Museum (1)
Swiss National Library (1)
The European Library (1)
The Military Archives of Sweden (1)
Universitat Jaume I (1)
University of California Libraries (archive.org) (1)
University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries (archive.org) (1)
VRT (1)
32+ million objects (October 2014)
now: built new apps using this content!

53. After the Liberation
www.nadebevrijding.nl
• Enriched version of “After the Liberation’, a 7-part documentary
• Original sources: films, soundtracks, photos & newspaper articles
used in the series and as research material
• From official archives (45) to personal collections (35)
• Tablet-first development: more and more tv-viewers use tablet
during and after viewing

58. Open
FULFILL
THEIR
PUBLIC
MISSION
“For
content
to
be
truly
accessible,
it
needs
to
be
where
the
users
are,
embedded
in
their
daily
networked
lives.”
(Wabel,
2009)
STIMULATING
COLLABORATION
AND
CREATIVITY
“No
maSer
who
you
are,
most
of
the
smartest
people
work
for
someone
else.”
(Joy’s
Law,
via
Michael
Edson)

61. Open Images www.openimages.eu
• open licences
• open source, open
standards
• various collections
• syndication!!

62. “if it doesn’t spread, it’s dead”
(Jenkins, 2013)
Syndication as strategy

64. MW2012

65. Example: ‘soccer’ page Dutch Wikipedia

66. Measuring impact
Number of items on Wikimedia Commons
1,600
Number of articles on Wikipedia
2,000
Number of language versions
70
Number of views
50,000,000!!!
2013 numbers
http://www.openimages.eu/blog/2014/09/sound-and-vision-on-the-future-of-video-on-wikipedia/

67. Positive effects of ‘open’
Source: Europena (cc-by)

68. Conclusion
Source: https://vimeo.com/103364847

69. 69

70. What can you do today: smart
- Collaborate with computer science university
- Identify areas where you can use open source
technology
- Only outsource what you understand
- Explore ‘two speed’ IT: loose coupling of:
- asset management & storage (slow)
- access (fast, agile)

71. What can you do today: connected
- Users are digital, mobile & online
- social media strategy
- bring content where users are - syndicate!
- convenient
- Educate staff
- cataloguers & bloggers
- Forge new partnerships
- Content creators
- Humanities scholars

72. What can you do today: open
- Use open licenses and encourage others to do
so too
- Join the conversation: http://openglam.org
- Follow a course: https://p2pu.org/en/groups/
open-glam/

73. Measuring Measuring
institutional
websites
Jason Ryan: http://www.slideshare.net/jasonryan/mcn-measuring-engagement (via Simon Tanner)

74. 74
A
'the virtues of an archivist: rage,
paranoia and kleptomania’
Jason Scott
…lets add ‘fearlessness’

75. A
75

76. Credits
Johan Oomen
Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision
@johanoomen
Many thanks to:
- Lotte Belice Baltussen @lottebelice
- Maarten Brinkerink @mbrinkerink
- Jesse de Vos @85jesse
- Bouke Huurnink
- Roeland Ordelman - @RoelandOrdelman
- Erwin Verbruggen - @erwinverb
- Michael Edson - @mpedson
www.highexistence.com/images/view/where-the-magic-happens-vs-your-comfort-zone-2/

77. Towards more smart, connected and open audiovisual archives
Johan Oomen
Head of Research
Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision
@johanoomen
29 October 2014
http://sipad2014.sched.org