This document discusses the changing definitions of family in the Philippines. It begins by defining traditional Filipino families as nuclear or extended units that emphasize close kinship ties. It then explores broader definitions used by organizations like the UN and Philippines census. The document also examines the functions of families and reasons why defining family structure is important. It outlines the Family Code of the Philippines and discusses issues like illegitimate children, adoption, cohabitation, and marriage. Emerging topics covered include domestic violence, annulment, divorce, arranged marriage, and remarriage. The document concludes by noting how families are changing in postmodern and digital societies.

1. The Family Today :Declining or
Changing?
Penn T. Larena ,CPS,MPA

2. Learning Objectives
• Explain the functions of the family
• Discuss and appraise why the definition of the
family is crucial to society.
• Explore and explain the different types of
families
• Summarize recent changes in the family as
institution
• Describe the various alternative family
arrangements in contemporary societies

3. Traditional Definitions
• Filipinos are family-
oriented
• Anak-magulang
complex and the
Kamag-anak
• This family
centeredness supplies
a basic sense of
belonging ,stability and
Security.

4. Census Family
• Refers to married couple
and the children, if any,of
either or both spouses.
• a couple living common
law and the children, if
any, of either and/or both
partners; or a lone parent
of any marital status with
at least one child living in
the same dwelling and
that child or those
children.

5. The United Nations uses the term
nucleus family
• In its most common usage,
the term nuclear
family refers to
a household consisting of a
father, a mother and their
children all in
one household dwelling. ...
The family is a social group
characterized by common
residence, economic
cooperation and
reproduction.

6. Nucleus family
• A married couple without children
• A married couple with one or more unmarried
children
• A family with one or more unmarried children
• A mother with one or more unmarried
children

7. The family is the Basic Unit of Society
• Several important functions or role in society
• 1. For Biological reproduction
• 2. The primary agent of socialization of
children
• 3. The institution for economic cooperation
through division of Labor
• 4.To care for and nurture children to become
responsible adults

8. Why the definition of family members
• In social science discourse,
the concept of the family is
politically and ideologically “
Loaded”, or imbued with sets
of politically and culturally
contested ideas about the
correct or moral ways in
which people should conduct
their lives,and the people
with whom they should
conduct them

9. The Philippine Family Code
• Article 1. Marriage is a special contract of
permanent union between a man and a
woman entered into in accordance with law
for the establishment of conjugal and family
life. It is the foundation of the family and an
inviolable social institution whose nature,
consequences, and incidents are governed by
law and not subject to stipulation, except that
marriage settlements may fix the property
relations during the marriage within the limits
provided by this Code

10. Illegitimate Child
• A child who is born of parents not married to
each other or born out of wedlock is an
illegitimate child.
•
• Children conceived and born outside a valid
marriage are illegitimate, unless otherwise
provided in the Family Code of the
Philippines (Article 165 of the Family Code).

11. Adopted Child
• Adoption is a process
whereby a person
assumes the parenting
of another, usually
a child, from that
person's biological or
legal parent or
parents.

12. Who are considered illegitimate
children?
• The following are considered illegitimate children:
• Children born to couples who are not legally married or
of common-law marriages;
• Children born of incestuous marriages;
• Children born of bigamous marriages;
• Children born of adulterous relations between parents;
• Children born of marriages void for reason of public
policy under Article 38 of the Family Code;
• Children born of couples below 18, where they are
married or not;
• Children born of other void marriages under Article 15
unless otherwise provided.

13. Are there different kinds of
illegitimate children?
Two kinds of illegitimate children. They are:
• 1. An unrecognized illegitimate child – the
child is not acknowledged by his biological
father, and thus has to use the surname of his
mother.
• 2. A recognized illegitimate child – the
child is recognized or acknowledged by his
father. He is allowed to use the surname of his
father. The filiation can be recognized by the
father through:

14. Cohabitants
• Cohabitants have some
rights if they have joint
children, or if they have
lived together for five
years. Cohabitants can also
regulate their relationship
through a
cohabitation agreement.
•

15. Family and Household
• The U.N. differentiates household from a
family.
• From the definitions of “Household” and
“FAMILY”,it is clear that household and family
are different concepts that cannot be used
interchangeably in the same census.The
difference between the household and the
family is

16. • A. that a household may consist of only one
person but a family must contain at least two
members
• B. that the members of a multi- person
household need not be related to each other,
while the members of a family must be
related.

17. Type of Families
• Nuclear Family
• A nuclear family,
elementary family or
conjugal family is a family group
consisting of two parents and their
children (one or more).

18. Extended Family
• a family that extends
beyond the nuclear
family, including
grandparents, aunts,
uncles, and other
relatives, who all live
nearby or in one
household.

20. Families and the rule of descent
• Families can be classified according to their
basic rules of descent. As a social organization
,the family is a descent group. The rules of
descent are very important for maintaining
the social cohesion and solidarity among
families, clans and relatives.

21. Marriage and the Family
• Defining Marriage
Marriage is also an arrangement of procreation,
a way of caring for the offspring of sexuality,
from a societal level of analysis, the institution
of marriage represents all the behaviours,
norms, roles expectations and values that are
associated with the legal union of a man and a
woman.

22. Edward Westermark view on Marriage
• Human marriage a
relation of one or more
men to one or more
women which is
recognized by customs
or law and involves
certain rights and duties
both in case of parties
entering into the union
and in the case of
children born of it.

23. Kinship terminology
• blood relationship.
• synonyms:
relationship,
relatedness, being
related, family ties,
family connections,
blood relationship,
blood ties, common
ancestry, common
lineage, kindred,
connection

24. Kinship System

25. Endogamy
• the custom of
marrying only
within the limits
of a local
community, clan,
or tribe.

26. Consanguineal
• connected by kinship,
common origin, or
marriage

27. Affinal
• Affinal kin are
individuals who are
related to you by
marriage. Unlike blood
relatives, affinal relati
ons are based upon a
legality or contract.

28. Relationship of Consanguinity
• "blood relation", from the Latin consanguinitas) is
the property of being from the same kinship as
another person. In that aspect, consanguinity is the
quality of being descended from the same ancestor
as another person.

29. Relationship of Affinity
• (1) Unless the context requires otherwise, in
this code "affinity" means the relation that
one spouse has, by virtue of the marriage, to
blood relatives of the other. ...
• (2) Degrees of relationship by affinity are
computed in the same manner as degrees
of relationship by consanguinity.

30. Polygamous
• practicing, relating
to, or involving
polygamy.

31. Monogamous
• involving marriage to
one person at a time.

32. Romantic Love,Mate Selection and the
family
• In modern society, monogany is often
associated with romantic love ,where one
marries out of love. Many young people today
believe that people should many out of free
will and not based on forced choices or simply
due to traditional requirements.
• Romantic love that is glamorized in the
television ,movies ,soap operas and novels is a
modern phenomenon.

33. Emerging Issues on Families
• Domestic and family violence occurs when someone
who has a close personal relationship with you makes
you feel afraid, powerless or unsafe. It can be physical,
but can also be emotional and psychological.
• Anyone can experience domestic and family violence. It
happens across communities, ages, cultures and sexes.
• If you are experiencing abuse or violence it is not your
fault. It is the abuser who is responsible. Domestic
violence is a crime and the abuser is breaking the law.
•

34. Annulment
• An annulment is a legal
procedure which cancels
a marriage. Annulling a
marriage is as though it
is completely erased,
legally, and it declares
that the marriage never
technically existed and
was never valid.

35. What are the grounds for annulment?
• According to Article 45 of The Family Code of the
Philippines, there are 6 legal grounds for the
annulment of a marriage:
• lack of parental consent (if either party is at least 18
but below 21 years old)
• psychological incapacity
• fraud
• consent for marriage obtained by force, intimidation,
or undue influence
• impotence / physical incapability of consummating the
marriage
• serious sexually transmitted disease

36. Legal separation
• an arrangement
by which a
couple remain
married but live
apart, following
a court order.

37. Divorce
• A divorce is the legal
termination of a marriage
by a court in a legal
proceeding, requiring a
petition or complaint
for divorce (or dissolution in
some states) by one
party.There are two types
of divorce-- fault and no-
fault.

38. Arranged marriage
• type of marital union
where the bride and
groom are selected
by individuals other
than the couple
themselves,
particularly by family
members such as the
parents.

39. Remarriage
• Remarriage is a
marriage that takes
place after a previous
marital union has
ended, as through
divorce or
widowhood.

40. Families in the Age of Post -Modernity
• In a world where
children are "growing
up digital," it's
important to help them
learn healthy concepts
of digital use and
citizenship. Parents play
an important role in
teaching these skills.

41. Speed dating in California

42. Post-modern families

43. LGBT FAMILIES

44. Filipino Pre nup Pictorials

45. Filipino Traditional Ritual