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Learning in the digital age

Lee Rainie, Director, Pew Internet Project
5.10.12 – Minnesota, MINITEX
Email: Lrainie@pewinternet.org
Twitter: @Lrainie

                                       PewInternet.org
5 questions for librarians to ponder in
      the age of networked individuals
1. What is the future of knowledge?
   - Created? Disseminated?
2. What is the future of reference expertise?
   - Literacy? Search?
3. What is the future of public technology?
   - Knowledge containers? Divides? Access/lending models?
4. What is the future of learning spaces?
   - Collaboration? Alliances? Ownership?
5. What is the future of community anchor institutions?
   - Knowledge economy/ecology?
Broadband
facilitates
networked
information
Mobile
connectivity
alters
learning
venues and
expectations
Social media
aids peer-to-
peer learning
by doing
New kinds
of learners
emerge
Digital Revolution 1
Internet (82%) and Broadband at home (66%)
                              Home broadband        Home dial-up
80%
70%
                                                                                  71%
60%
50%
                                                                                  66%
40%
30%
20%
10%
 0%
      June   April March March April March March March April   April   May    May August Jan
      2000   2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008           2009    2010   2011 2011 2012
80%
              Broadband at home – 66%

60%




40%
        76%         74%
                               67%
                                            58%
20%
                                                         47%

                                                                      21%
0%
      Millennials    GenX     Younger    Older Boomers   Silent        G.I.
       (18-34)      (35-46)   Boomers       (57-65)    Generation   Generation
                               (47-56)                  (66-74)       (75+)
Networked creators among internet users
•   70% are social networking site users
•   59% share photos and videos
•   37% contribute rankings and ratings
•   33% create content tags
•   30% share personal creations
•   26% post comments on sites and blogs
•   15% have personal website
•   15% are content remixers
•   15% use Twitter
•   14% are bloggers
•   … of smartphone owners, 74% get location info and
    do location sharing
56% of adults own laptops –
up from 30% in 2006
52% of adults own DVRs –
up from 3% in 2002
44% of adults own MP3 players –
up from 11% in 2005

42% of adults own game consoles

19% of adults own e-book readers - Kindle

19% of adults own tablet computer - iPad
Consequences for learning ecosystem




 Volume               Velocity




 Vibrance              Valence /
                       Relevance
Info consumption up from 7.4 hours a day
       in 1960 to 11.8 hours in 2008

140% increase words consumed since 1980

Reading volume has grown 3X since 1980


 100,500 words per day and 34 gigabytes
Broadband            Pervasive
facilitates          media
networked
information
        Links and
        multimedia
               Self-paced
               learning
                       Analytics
Big challenge for libraries
   Atoms            bits


                   Collections
                       are
                    disrupted
Mobile phones – 88% of adults

                                331.6

         Total U.S.
         population:
         315.5
         million




                                2011
Mobile is the Needle: 88% of US Adults Have a Cell Phone

                 % in each age group who have a cell phone




Teen data July 2011      Adult data Feb 2012
Changes in smartphone ownership
80%

                     May 2011    February 2012

60%


              46%          48%
                                  41%
40%     35%

20%                                              17%
                                                        12%

0%
        Smartphone        Other cell phone       No cell phone
Smartphones – 46%
100%




80%




60%




40%
          66%
                      53%
20%
                                35%
                                           22%         20%           3%
 0%
       Millennials    Gen X    Younger      Older      Silent        G.I.
        (18-34)      (35-46)   Boomers    Boomers    Generation   Generation
                                (47-56)    (57-65)    (66-74)       (75+)
Apps – 50% of adults
                Sept 2009       May 2010        August 2011
100%



80%



60%
                                                                    50*
40%                   38*              38 43*                  43
                29*
          22%
20%



 0%
       Download apps to their Have preloaded apps on Total who have apps on
              phone                 their phone              phone
Teens: Texting takes off and talking slips
         Send and receive text messages
                                                               63                     6 3         26
    Talk to people you know on your cell
                                 phone
                                                        39                19        12 5          25
Spend time with people in person, doing
       social activities outside of school
                                                       35                 32                26          34
    Exchange messages through social
network sites like MySpace or Facebook
                                                   29               20         17      10         25
              Exchange instant messages
                                                  22          15     13        11           39
Talk to people you know on a landline or
                       home telephone
                                                  19          22          20           20          20
         Exchange email with each other
                                              6 11            20          23                39

                                             0%         20%         40%         60%         80%         100%
          Every day                          Several times a week         At least once a week
          Less than once a week              Never/Cannot do this
Mobile                   Augmented
connectivity             reality
alters
learning
                Attention
venues and
                zones morph     Pervasive,
expectations
                                perpetual
New access     Real-time        awareness
points to      sharing, just-   of social
knowledge      in-time          networks
(AAA)          searching
Big challenge for libraries
People come to us         We go to people

                        The library as
                       place becomes
                          the library
                         as placeless
                           resource
Digital Revolution 3
        Social networking – 52% of all adults
100%
               % of internet users                                          86%                 85%
80%                                                                                       83%
                                                                                          70% 71%
                                                            76%
                                               67%                          61%
60%
                                                                                                52%
                                                         48%
                         49%                                                 47%           51%
40%                                                                                             35%
                                        25%                                                33%
                                                            25%              26%
20%
         9%              8%                   11%           13%
          7%                                    7%
                         4%
 0%       6%
                        1%
       2005      2006      2007       2008           2009            2010          2011          2012
                              18-29   30-49      50-64         65+
Mean size of Facebook friends network
350.0


300.0


250.0


200.0

          318.5
150.0


100.0                               197.6
                                                             155.7
 50.0
                                                                                        85.1                      78.4
                                                                                                                                     42.0
  0.0
        Millennials                Gen X                   Younger             Older Boomers   Silent                                G.I.
         (18-34)                  (35-46)                  Boomers                (57-65)    Generation                           Generation
                                                            (47-56)                           (66-74)                               (75+)
         Source: Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, October 20-November 28, 2010 Social Networking survey.
Social media             Facilitates rise of
aids peer-to-            amateur experts
peer learning
by doing

Elevates DIY
learning in
soc.nets
                                   Changes
    Increases the role of social   character of
    networks in learning           soc.nets
Big challenge for libraries
Expertise and influence emerges in
    networks and algorithms
                      Share the
                      stage with
                       amateur
                        experts
Information is Woven Into Our Lives
   Mobile is the needle, Social Networks are the thread

         Mobile…                    Social Networks…
 Moves information with us     Surround us with information
                                    through our many
Makes information accessible
                                       connections
 ANYTIME and ANYWHERE
                                 Bring us information from
  Puts information at our
                                  multiple, varied sources
         fingertips
                                 Provide instant feedback,
 Magnifies the demand for
                                   meaning and context
   timely information
                               Allow us to shape and create
Makes information location-
                                information ourselves and
         sensitive
                                 amplify others’ messages
Consequences for learning ecosystem

 Social networks and social
    media become more
   important in people’s
     learning strategies
What does this mean?
1) Social networks are more influential and are
        differently segmented and layered




   Sentries
What does this mean?
1) Social networks are more influential and are
        differently segmented and layered




 Evaluators
What does this mean?
1) Social networks are more influential and are
        differently segmented and layered


Audience = New
 media are the
      new
 neighborhood
More oriented
             New kinds
                              towards being
             of learners
                              nodes of
             emerge
                              production
              More reliant on feedback
              and response
More self-directed More inclined to
Better arrayed to collaboration
capture new info
Back to those 5 questions:
How librarians can be even
more valuable the world of
  networked individuals
1) What is the future of knowledge?
   -- Shana Ratner (1997) “Emerging Issues in Learning Communities”


         Old:                              New:
Learning as transaction             Learning as a process

  Knowledge is                         Knowledge is
  objective and                        subjective and
     certain                             provisional
1) What is the future of knowledge?
   -- Shana Ratner (1997) “Emerging Issues in Learning Communities”


         Old:                              New:
Learning as transaction             Learning as a process

Learners receive                     Learners create
   knowledge                            knowledge
1) What is the future of knowledge?
   -- Shana Ratner (1997) “Emerging Issues in Learning Communities”


         Old:                              New:
Learning as transaction             Learning as a process

Knowledge is organized Knowledge is organized
  in stable, hierarchical   “ecologically”-
    structures that can     disciplines are
        be treated         integrative and
  independently of one        interactive
          another
1) What is the future of knowledge?
   -- Shana Ratner (1997) “Emerging Issues in Learning Communities”


         Old:                              New:
Learning as transaction             Learning as a process

  We learn best                        We learn best
   passively, by                       actively doing
   listening and                       and managing
      watching                        our own learning
1) What is the future of knowledge?
   -- Shana Ratner (1997) “Emerging Issues in Learning Communities”


         Old:                              New:
Learning as transaction             Learning as a process

Our “intelligence” Our “intelligence”
 is based on our    is based on our
     individual         learning
      abilities       communities
2) What is the future of reference
               expertise?
 “Embedded librarian” in learning communities
• Librarian as scout for relevant material
• Reviewer and synthesizer
• Organizer and taxonomy creator
• “On call” for just-in-time information
• Organizational “steward” of bonding capital
• Organizational “steward” of bridging capital
  (especially to outside experts)
                         Good source: David Schumaker at
                       http://embeddedlibrarian.wordpress.com/
2) What is the future of reference
               expertise?
 “Knowledge concierge/valet” in learning communities
• Librarian as teacher of social media
• Librarian as fact checker, transparency assessor,
  relevance arbiter
• Librarian as aggregator and curator – follow Jeff
  Jarvis rule: “Do what you do best, and link to the
  rest”
• Librarian as “node” in networks attuned to
  perpetual learning
                           Good source: Bill Densmore at
                           http://www.informationvalet.org/
3) What is the future of public
         technology?




                                  41
Are hot new gadgets evident now?
The hot gadgets and          Hot gadgets and apps that
  applications that will       will capture the
  capture the imagination      imagination of users in
  of users in 2020 are         2020 will often come “out
  pretty evident today and     of the blue” and not have
  will not take many of        been anticipated by
  today’s savviest             many of today’s savviest
  innovators by surprise.      innovators.

16% experts                  81% experts
17% full sample              80% full sample

                                                       42
Themes
• iPhone, iPhone, iPhone
• Innovation ecosystem will change: bandwidth /
  processing
• Still, there are basic trends evident now and some
  groundwork that has been in place for years that will yield
  innovation.
   – The internet of things - sensors proliferate
   – Mobile connectivity and location-based services grow
   – Bigger/thinner screens -- 3D displays
   – “Consolidated,” all-purpose gadgets and apps

                                                           43
The rise of e-reading
     • 28% have e-reading device
     • 21% of adults read e-book in
       past year
     • Read more now (including on
       computer and smartphone)
     • Prefer e-book for quick
       access, convenience, variety
     • Prefer printed books for
       reading to children and
       sharing books
4) What is the future of learning
                    spaces?
        Attuned to networked individuals/learners
•   More self directed, less top-down
•   Better arrayed to capture new information inputs
•   More reliant on feedback and response
•   More inclined to collaboration
•   More open to cross discipline insights and creating
    their own “tagged” taxonomies
•   More oriented towards people being their own
    individual nodes of production
5) What is the future of community
            anchor institutions?
                     ALA

Confronting the
     Future
Strategic Visions for
   the 21st Century
     Public Library



http://www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/oitp/p
      ublications/policybriefs/confronting_the_f
                        utu.pdf
A short list of critical uncertainties
• Security of the internet
• Future of intellectual property
• Tolerance of ed systems (and accrediting
  authorities) for blended practices:
  online/offline, home/school, proficiency
  standards for individuals/cohorts
• The importance of new literacies and
  strategies for addressing divides
Your map is wrong
Thank you!
Questions?

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Learning in the digital age

  • 1. Learning in the digital age Lee Rainie, Director, Pew Internet Project 5.10.12 – Minnesota, MINITEX Email: Lrainie@pewinternet.org Twitter: @Lrainie PewInternet.org
  • 2. 5 questions for librarians to ponder in the age of networked individuals 1. What is the future of knowledge? - Created? Disseminated? 2. What is the future of reference expertise? - Literacy? Search? 3. What is the future of public technology? - Knowledge containers? Divides? Access/lending models? 4. What is the future of learning spaces? - Collaboration? Alliances? Ownership? 5. What is the future of community anchor institutions? - Knowledge economy/ecology?
  • 7. Digital Revolution 1 Internet (82%) and Broadband at home (66%) Home broadband Home dial-up 80% 70% 71% 60% 50% 66% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% June April March March April March March March April April May May August Jan 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012
  • 8. 80% Broadband at home – 66% 60% 40% 76% 74% 67% 58% 20% 47% 21% 0% Millennials GenX Younger Older Boomers Silent G.I. (18-34) (35-46) Boomers (57-65) Generation Generation (47-56) (66-74) (75+)
  • 9. Networked creators among internet users • 70% are social networking site users • 59% share photos and videos • 37% contribute rankings and ratings • 33% create content tags • 30% share personal creations • 26% post comments on sites and blogs • 15% have personal website • 15% are content remixers • 15% use Twitter • 14% are bloggers • … of smartphone owners, 74% get location info and do location sharing
  • 10. 56% of adults own laptops – up from 30% in 2006 52% of adults own DVRs – up from 3% in 2002 44% of adults own MP3 players – up from 11% in 2005 42% of adults own game consoles 19% of adults own e-book readers - Kindle 19% of adults own tablet computer - iPad
  • 11. Consequences for learning ecosystem Volume Velocity Vibrance Valence / Relevance
  • 12. Info consumption up from 7.4 hours a day in 1960 to 11.8 hours in 2008 140% increase words consumed since 1980 Reading volume has grown 3X since 1980 100,500 words per day and 34 gigabytes
  • 13. Broadband Pervasive facilitates media networked information Links and multimedia Self-paced learning Analytics
  • 14. Big challenge for libraries Atoms bits Collections are disrupted
  • 15. Mobile phones – 88% of adults 331.6 Total U.S. population: 315.5 million 2011
  • 16. Mobile is the Needle: 88% of US Adults Have a Cell Phone % in each age group who have a cell phone Teen data July 2011 Adult data Feb 2012
  • 17. Changes in smartphone ownership 80% May 2011 February 2012 60% 46% 48% 41% 40% 35% 20% 17% 12% 0% Smartphone Other cell phone No cell phone
  • 18. Smartphones – 46% 100% 80% 60% 40% 66% 53% 20% 35% 22% 20% 3% 0% Millennials Gen X Younger Older Silent G.I. (18-34) (35-46) Boomers Boomers Generation Generation (47-56) (57-65) (66-74) (75+)
  • 19. Apps – 50% of adults Sept 2009 May 2010 August 2011 100% 80% 60% 50* 40% 38* 38 43* 43 29* 22% 20% 0% Download apps to their Have preloaded apps on Total who have apps on phone their phone phone
  • 20. Teens: Texting takes off and talking slips Send and receive text messages 63 6 3 26 Talk to people you know on your cell phone 39 19 12 5 25 Spend time with people in person, doing social activities outside of school 35 32 26 34 Exchange messages through social network sites like MySpace or Facebook 29 20 17 10 25 Exchange instant messages 22 15 13 11 39 Talk to people you know on a landline or home telephone 19 22 20 20 20 Exchange email with each other 6 11 20 23 39 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Every day Several times a week At least once a week Less than once a week Never/Cannot do this
  • 21. Mobile Augmented connectivity reality alters learning Attention venues and zones morph Pervasive, expectations perpetual New access Real-time awareness points to sharing, just- of social knowledge in-time networks (AAA) searching
  • 22. Big challenge for libraries People come to us We go to people The library as place becomes the library as placeless resource
  • 23. Digital Revolution 3 Social networking – 52% of all adults 100% % of internet users 86% 85% 80% 83% 70% 71% 76% 67% 61% 60% 52% 48% 49% 47% 51% 40% 35% 25% 33% 25% 26% 20% 9% 8% 11% 13% 7% 7% 4% 0% 6% 1% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
  • 24. Mean size of Facebook friends network 350.0 300.0 250.0 200.0 318.5 150.0 100.0 197.6 155.7 50.0 85.1 78.4 42.0 0.0 Millennials Gen X Younger Older Boomers Silent G.I. (18-34) (35-46) Boomers (57-65) Generation Generation (47-56) (66-74) (75+) Source: Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, October 20-November 28, 2010 Social Networking survey.
  • 25. Social media Facilitates rise of aids peer-to- amateur experts peer learning by doing Elevates DIY learning in soc.nets Changes Increases the role of social character of networks in learning soc.nets
  • 26. Big challenge for libraries Expertise and influence emerges in networks and algorithms Share the stage with amateur experts
  • 27. Information is Woven Into Our Lives Mobile is the needle, Social Networks are the thread Mobile… Social Networks… Moves information with us Surround us with information through our many Makes information accessible connections ANYTIME and ANYWHERE Bring us information from Puts information at our multiple, varied sources fingertips Provide instant feedback, Magnifies the demand for meaning and context timely information Allow us to shape and create Makes information location- information ourselves and sensitive amplify others’ messages
  • 28. Consequences for learning ecosystem Social networks and social media become more important in people’s learning strategies
  • 29. What does this mean? 1) Social networks are more influential and are differently segmented and layered Sentries
  • 30. What does this mean? 1) Social networks are more influential and are differently segmented and layered Evaluators
  • 31. What does this mean? 1) Social networks are more influential and are differently segmented and layered Audience = New media are the new neighborhood
  • 32. More oriented New kinds towards being of learners nodes of emerge production More reliant on feedback and response More self-directed More inclined to Better arrayed to collaboration capture new info
  • 33. Back to those 5 questions: How librarians can be even more valuable the world of networked individuals
  • 34. 1) What is the future of knowledge? -- Shana Ratner (1997) “Emerging Issues in Learning Communities” Old: New: Learning as transaction Learning as a process Knowledge is Knowledge is objective and subjective and certain provisional
  • 35. 1) What is the future of knowledge? -- Shana Ratner (1997) “Emerging Issues in Learning Communities” Old: New: Learning as transaction Learning as a process Learners receive Learners create knowledge knowledge
  • 36. 1) What is the future of knowledge? -- Shana Ratner (1997) “Emerging Issues in Learning Communities” Old: New: Learning as transaction Learning as a process Knowledge is organized Knowledge is organized in stable, hierarchical “ecologically”- structures that can disciplines are be treated integrative and independently of one interactive another
  • 37. 1) What is the future of knowledge? -- Shana Ratner (1997) “Emerging Issues in Learning Communities” Old: New: Learning as transaction Learning as a process We learn best We learn best passively, by actively doing listening and and managing watching our own learning
  • 38. 1) What is the future of knowledge? -- Shana Ratner (1997) “Emerging Issues in Learning Communities” Old: New: Learning as transaction Learning as a process Our “intelligence” Our “intelligence” is based on our is based on our individual learning abilities communities
  • 39. 2) What is the future of reference expertise? “Embedded librarian” in learning communities • Librarian as scout for relevant material • Reviewer and synthesizer • Organizer and taxonomy creator • “On call” for just-in-time information • Organizational “steward” of bonding capital • Organizational “steward” of bridging capital (especially to outside experts) Good source: David Schumaker at http://embeddedlibrarian.wordpress.com/
  • 40. 2) What is the future of reference expertise? “Knowledge concierge/valet” in learning communities • Librarian as teacher of social media • Librarian as fact checker, transparency assessor, relevance arbiter • Librarian as aggregator and curator – follow Jeff Jarvis rule: “Do what you do best, and link to the rest” • Librarian as “node” in networks attuned to perpetual learning Good source: Bill Densmore at http://www.informationvalet.org/
  • 41. 3) What is the future of public technology? 41
  • 42. Are hot new gadgets evident now? The hot gadgets and Hot gadgets and apps that applications that will will capture the capture the imagination imagination of users in of users in 2020 are 2020 will often come “out pretty evident today and of the blue” and not have will not take many of been anticipated by today’s savviest many of today’s savviest innovators by surprise. innovators. 16% experts 81% experts 17% full sample 80% full sample 42
  • 43. Themes • iPhone, iPhone, iPhone • Innovation ecosystem will change: bandwidth / processing • Still, there are basic trends evident now and some groundwork that has been in place for years that will yield innovation. – The internet of things - sensors proliferate – Mobile connectivity and location-based services grow – Bigger/thinner screens -- 3D displays – “Consolidated,” all-purpose gadgets and apps 43
  • 44. The rise of e-reading • 28% have e-reading device • 21% of adults read e-book in past year • Read more now (including on computer and smartphone) • Prefer e-book for quick access, convenience, variety • Prefer printed books for reading to children and sharing books
  • 45. 4) What is the future of learning spaces? Attuned to networked individuals/learners • More self directed, less top-down • Better arrayed to capture new information inputs • More reliant on feedback and response • More inclined to collaboration • More open to cross discipline insights and creating their own “tagged” taxonomies • More oriented towards people being their own individual nodes of production
  • 46. 5) What is the future of community anchor institutions? ALA Confronting the Future Strategic Visions for the 21st Century Public Library http://www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/oitp/p ublications/policybriefs/confronting_the_f utu.pdf
  • 47. A short list of critical uncertainties • Security of the internet • Future of intellectual property • Tolerance of ed systems (and accrediting authorities) for blended practices: online/offline, home/school, proficiency standards for individuals/cohorts • The importance of new literacies and strategies for addressing divides
  • 48. Your map is wrong