How Did Digital Education Become a Thing? Gradually, then Suddenly.

1. How Did Digital Education Become
a Thing?
Gradually, then Suddenly
February 6, 2020
http://bit.ly/icbahill20
Phil Hill (@PhilOnEdTech)

2. Heading

3. 24,000 miles
300 days at sea

4. Source: https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/scurvy

5. 5
1497
da Gama;
100 out of
160 die of
scurvy
1601
Lancaster; 3
tsp of citrus =
no scurvy;
control group
110 of 178
die
1747
Lind; citrus =
cure scurvy in
3-4 days
1795
British Navy
accepts
citrus; scurvy
wiped out
1865
Merchant
Marine
accepts
citrus; scurvy
wiped out
Source: Mosteller, 1981

6. 6
1960s
Douglas
Engelbart at
SRI;
hypertext
documents
1971
Michael Hart
at U Illinois;
Declaration of
Independence
plain text
1993
BiblioBytes;
sell ebook
over Internet
2001
MIT Open
Courseware
2015
MHE Digital
Sales
Overtakes
Print

7. Source: https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/CUUR0000SSEA011 7
BLS College Textbook Price Index: 2001 – 2019

8. Source: https://www.nacs.org/advocacynewsmedia/pressreleases/tabid/1579/ArticleID/867/Student-Spending-
on-Course-Materials-Declines.aspx 8
NACS 2019 Student Watch Survey

9. 9
“And because you’re breaking away from what was a very expensive and
time-consuming analog-led model, it’s not just much more effective, much
more personal, much better outcomes, it’s much lower cost, so the $300
textbook is dead.”
- John Fallon, outgoing CEO of Pearson
Source: https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/8/2/20750863/john-fallon-pearson-education-textbook-
digital-aida-teachers-kara-swisher-recode-decode-podcast
“Textbooks are expensive. There, I said it. The high price of print textbooks
is something that students and parents have been bemoaning increasingly
over the past decade, and understandably so.”
- David Levin, former CEO of McGraw-Hill Education
Source: https://www.mheducation.com/ideas/dear-students-and-faculty-please-go-digital.html

10. 10
Course Materials:
Pre 2010

11. 11
Course Materials:
Emergence of
Courseware

12. 12

13. 13
Foreign Element:
Student Debt
Source:
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/443
3299611003592/

14. 14
Foreign Element: Open
Educational Resources
(OER)
Source: Markus Büsges (leomaria
design) für Wikimedia Deutschland
e. V.

15. 15
Photo Credit:
www.mummymummy
mum.com

16. 16
Photo Credit:
http://www.youtub
e.com/user/mtmuzi
c

17. 17

18. Source: https://public.tableau.com/profile/riaa1295#!/vizhome/U_S_RecordedMusicRevenuesbyFormat_0/RevenuesbyFormat
18

19. 19
Keeping Our
Eyes on the
Goal(s)

20. 20

21. 21

22. 22

23. 23
Business Model:
Inclusive Access

24. 24
Student Agency:
Often Lost in Discussion
Source:
https://www.insidehighered.com/ne
ws/2019/09/11/university-
cumberlands-offer-free-textbooks-
campus-students

25. 25

26. 26
Business Model:
Unlimited

27. 27
Business Model:
OER Courseware
Source: University of Hawai’i
https://oer.hawaii.edu/what-is-oer/

28. 28
Business Model: OER Courseware

29. 29
Business Model: Adaptive Courseware

30. 30
Business Model: Mergers & Acquisitions

31. 31
Business Model: Top Hat Courseware

32. 32
Business Model: Digital-First Publishing

33. phil@mindwires.com
@PhilOnEdTech
philonedtech.com
mindwires.com