Transportation planning is an integral part of overall urban planning and needs systematic approach. Travel demand estimation is an important part of comprehensive transportation planning process. However, planning does not end by predicting travel demand. The ultimate aim of urban transport planning is to generate alternatives for improving transportation system to meet future demand and selecting the best alternative after proper evaluation.

1. Urban Transport Planning
Piter Biswas
piterbiswas11@gmail.com

2. Preamble
Transportation planning is an integral part of overall
urban planning and needs systematic approach.
Travel demand estimation is an important part of
comprehensive transportation planning process.
However, planning does not end by predicting travel
demand.
The ultimate aim of urban transport planning is to
generate alternatives for improving transportation
system to meet future demand and selecting the best
alternative after proper evaluation.

3. Transport Planning
LEVEL 4
Planning, design, operation
of single facility
LEVEL 3
Coordination of single mode
network/system
LEVEL 2
Integration of multimodal
network/system
LEVEL 1
City Transport Balance
City
Transport
Environment
Social
Conditions
Housing
Economy
Transit
Pedestrian
Auto Highway
Urban Streets
Transit
Networko
r
Intersection
Urban Streets
Plaza

4. Transport Planning Module
• Developing a transport policy – issues to be
considered and options
• Set up vision, goals and strategies for cities
towards achieving a livable atmosphere
• Understand the nuances of comprehensive
mobility planning studies; criteria for planning
(service level benchmarks) and TDM as a
strategy for improved mobility in cities

5. Transport Planning Process
• Traditional way – model based, susceptible to
manipulation, may not be suitable for fast
growing cities with resource constraints
• Contemporary way – strategic planning
approach based on professional
understanding and public participation

6. The Traditional Way
Four Step Model:
1. Trip generation, based on production and
attraction factors
2. Trip distribution – growth factor models and
synthetic (gravity) models
3. Modal split – choice of mode
4. Trip assignment – which route? (leading to
future capacity analysis of roads)

7. Contemporary Planning
Continued
motorization
Unrestrained
motorization
Continued
motorization
Restrained private cars
Invest in alternatives
Rapid motorization
Low road + public
investment
Slow motorization
Moderate road-
buildings
Mass transit investment
Transit Oriented Development
Spectrum of City Types between Car and Transit
Cities
Private modes dominate Public modes dominate
Low mobility
cities
High mobility
cities
Model shows intended or potential transport development paths for developing cities

8. Vision
The transport vision statement should be in line with the
following:
Definition of sustainable transport system –‘a transport
system where every individual or traveler category in a city is
able to fulfill their mobility needs in a quick, affordable, safe,
reliable, comfortable, energy efficient and environmentally
benign manner’
The key focus area of NUTP- ‘people should occupy center-
stage in our cities and all plans would be for their common
benefit and well being’
The objectives of the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
i.e. promote energy efficiency and reduce emissions from
transport sector

9. Goals and Objectives

10. The Plan – Basic Steps
1. Mobilization of human and material resources and
reconnaissance survey of the city
2. Primary and secondary surveys
3. Travel demand modeling (CUBE 4.1 model was used)
4. Preparation of short term strategies
5. Preparation of alternative transport plans and land use plans
6. Development of transport vision and strategy (citizens groups
adequately involved)
7. Development of project evaluation and screening framework
(provides a sound for evaluating the impacts of plan
proposals; includes public involvement)

11. The Plan – Basic Steps (contd.)
8. Identifying and prioritizing improvements (includes one or
more options for each infrastructure project and assessment
of cost, revenue, etc., for each option; phasing of projects
suggested)
9. Recommendations of institutional set-up
10. Economic evaluation of CMP proposals
11. Preparation of Draft Mobility Plan
12. Stakeholder participation (citizen groups involved to
disseminate plan proposals and solicit their concerns and
suggestions)
13. Revision of the Plan to include stakeholder
concerns/suggestions

12. Integrated Land Use and Transport
Strategy - Objectives
The objectives of an integrated land use and transport
development strategy are to:
• Promote balanced spatial growth
• Minimize land requirements for transport
• Promote transit oriented growth
• Reduce the need to travel
• Encourage walkable/cyclable neighbourhoods

13. Public Transit Strategy
The objectives of this strategy would be the following:
• More space allocation for public transit on roads
• Public transit to serve the entire population
• Promoting public transit connectivity to the urban poor that is
affordable
• Design of public transit infrastructure to cater to the needs of
the vulnerable users like women, children, senior citizens and
the physically challenged
• Intermodal stations to facilitate seamless transfers
• Integration of IPT and NMT modes

14. Role of Para Transit
Para transit is normally expected to fulfill a need
that neither public transport or personal vehicles
are able to fulfill.
Para transit would not normally be used for
regular commute trips to work or school.
However, when the quality of public transport
deteriorates, para-transit tends to substitute for
public transport.
Unfortunately, this has started happening in
many Indian cities. NUTP 2006 seek to restore
para-transit to its normal role by persuading the
improvement of public transport.

15. Emphasis on Non Motorized Transit
(NMT)
GOALS:
1. Presence of NMT Track: All JnNURM cities to have NMT
tracks on all major roads within a year.
2. NMT Coverage (% network covered): At least 25% network
with in a year. The width of pedestrian path and cycle track
can be combined if the roads are too narrow
3. Encroachment on NMT roads by Vehicle parking (%): Target
should be to have not more than 30% of NMV roads
encroached i.e. LoS of 3 within 1 year.
4. NMT parking facilities at Interchanges (%): Create NMT
parking near all major bus stops, terminals and railway
stations with in a year.

16. Climate Change – Adaptation
Strategies
1) Information sharing and awareness for the need to adapt are
important components to improve the capacity of the citizens
and the decision makers to adapt.
2) To take into account the future climate change impacts, there
is need to gather data, study vulnerabilities, with strong focus
on different stakeholders.
3) Robust decision making is required that would involve
prediction of different scenarios under different combinations
of climate change and socio-economic impacts, and planning
to reduce vulnerabilities of the systems.
4) Identification of high risk areas.

17. Climate Change – Adaptation
Strategies (contd.)
5) Planning with resilient design standards, technologies,
materials for infrastructure construction.
6) Planning with sufficient redundancy to allow for alternatives
ways for mobility.
7) Improved drainage systems.
8) Urban planning with focus on high risk areas.
9) Compact urban planning minimizing the need for road
infrastructure.
10)Regular maintenance of all infrastructures.

18. Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP)
a strategic planning approach
In accordance with the objectives of NUTP, a CMP
includes the following major outcomes:
• Long-term visions and goals,
• A preferred form of urban growth
• List of proposed urban transport measures and
• Priority projects, based on Alternative Analysis
• Project sheets
• Indicative costing
• Implementation schedules (short, medium and
long term)

20. Institutional and Capacity Building
Measures
o Establishing a central nodal authority (UMTA) responsible for
all transport initiatives and planning for million plus cities
o Modifying the enabling legislations and establish fare policies
and fare regulators
o Assessments of demand, route rationalization, contracting,
performance monitoring of projects
o Capacity building of urban development, urban design,
transport planning, PPP procedures, demand management,
traffic engineering, police training, road user education, etc
need to be conducted for planning bodies (institutional and
individual capacity building) and citizens, as applicable

21. Financing of Plan/Projects
• Cost estimates of the identified projects and potential funding
resources need to be identified.
• The key sources of funds usually include the local government
through user charges, central and state governments, private
sector and multilateral funding.
• Other innovative mechanism can also be included. It can also
include involvement of private sector in implementation and
management.
• Financing high cost mass transit systems may need setting up
Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV) where government pays for
infrastructure but users (direct and indirect beneficiaries)
must pay for the rolling stock and operations

22. Thanks!