Cloud-Native Landscape

pivotal.io/roadshow #cnr
Cloud-Native Roadshow
Minneapolis

Pivotal
“Our Mission is to transform how the world
builds software.”

Cameron Stewart
@cws322
Casey West
@caseywest

Will I get a copy of these materials?
Yes

Jamie Dimon, CEO JPMC
Source: JPMC Annual Shareholder Letter (2015)
“Silicon Valley is coming… and they want to eat
our lunch.”

Casey West
“We’re from Silicon Valley. We brought lunch.”

The Pivotal Cloud Foundry Ecosystem
Pivotal Google Cloud

Google Cloud
Team Google
Cloud Marketing Software EngineerSoftware Engineer
Meaghan Kjelland
Solutions Stuff
Jay MarshallNicole Rogers Colleen Briant

pivotal.io/roadshow #cnrCopyright*Solace
o Open*protocol2based
o Hybrid*cloud*ready
o Proven

Pivotal + New Relic = Go Faster & See More Clearly
✓  SSAE-16/SOC II New Relic Platform
✓  SSAE-16/SOC II Data Center
✓  CSA-STAR
BrowserMobile
Server (Virtual)
Hardware
Server OS
Application &
Application
Microservices
PCF Nozzle
Application
Agent
newrelic.com/pivotal

The Cloud Foundry Ecosystem

What is Cloud-Native?

Cloud-Native is

• Composable Architectures
Cloud-Native is

• Automated Process
Cloud-Native is

• Collaborative Culture
Cloud-Native is

• Collaborative Culture
• Structured Platform
Cloud-Native is

Architecture Process Culture Platform

• Microservices

• Microservices
• Functions as a Service a.k.a. “serverless”

• Microservices
• Migration from Monolith to µServices

• Microservices
• Migration from Monolith to µServices
• Spring Boot

Your architecture plays a key role in your
operational maturity.

• Test Driven Development

• Continuous Delivery

• Continuous Delivery
• Automated Software Delivery Life Cycle (SDLC)

Automate integration tests.

Automate the path to production.

Increase velocity and reduce risk with frequent,
small batch sizes.

Choose architectures that are less likely to
resist automation.

• Devops

• Devops
• C.A.L.M.S.

• Devops
• C.A.L.M.S.
• Site Reliability Engineering (SRE)

• Devops
• C.A.L.M.S.
• Site Reliability Engineering (SRE)
• Customer Reliability Engineering (CRE)

Kelsey Hightower, Google
“Devops is group therapy for inefficient tools.”

• Collaboration
• Automation
• Learning
• Measuring
• Sharing

Ben Treynor, Founder of Google’s Site Reliability Team
“Site Reliability Engineering is what happens
when you ask a software engineer to design an
operations function.”

Dave Rensin, Director of Google Customer Reliability Engineering
“Customer Reliability Engineering’s mission is to
create a shared operational fate between Google
and our Google Cloud Platform customers.”

• Minimum Viable Platform

• Infrastructure Integration

• Service Integration

• Service Integration
• Polyglot

• Dynamic DNS, routing, and load balancing
• Automated service discovery and brokering
• Infrastructure automation
• Health management, monitoring, and recovery
• Immutable artifact repository
• Log aggregation

Pivotal Cloud Foundry Elastic Runtime

Pivotal Cloud Foundry Operations Manager

BOSH Release

Spring Boot and Spring Cloud Services
BOSH Release

BOSH Release
12 Factor

Cloud Provider Interface (CPI)
BOSH Release
12 Factor

BOSH Release
12 Factor
Programmable compute, storage & networking

BOSH Release
12 Factor
Programmable Infrastructure

BOSH Release
12 Factor
• Apigee
• Cloud Storage
• BigQuery
• PubSub
• Cloud SQL
• Machine Learning APIs
• Bigtable
• Spanner
• Stackdriver
Programmable Infrastructure
Java, .Net, Static, Node, Python, Go, PHP, Ruby, Binary

Production should keep promises about
resiliency, repeatability, and reliability.

The Evolution of Cloud-Native
Agile
Config Mgmt
TDD
12 Factor

Agile
Config Mgmt
TDD
12 Factor
µServices
Devops
CI/CD
Platforms

Agile
Config Mgmt
TDD
12 Factor
µServices
Devops
CI/CD
Platforms
Observability
SLI/SLO
Reliability
Availability

Verma et al, “Large-scale cluster management at Google with Borg”
“Almost every task run under Borg contains a
built-in HTTP server that publishes information
about the health of the task and thousands of
performance metrics (e.g., RPC latencies).”
Observability

Spring Boot Actuator – Health
$ curl -s http://my-app/health | jq
{
"status": "UP",
"diskSpace": {
"status": "UP",
"total": 1056858112,
"free": 907612160,
"threshold": 10485760
}
}

Spring Boot Actuator – Metrics
$ curl -s http://my-app/metrics | jq
{
"mem": 734352,
"mem.free": 459292,
"processors": 4,
"instance.uptime": 17072859,
"uptime": 17078694,
"systemload.average": 0.6,
"heap.committed": 664064,
. . .

Service Level Indicators are data about the
operational characteristics of a service.
SLIs

Service Level Objectives set reliability
expectations based on SLIs.
SLOs

If a system should be 99.99% available then it
can be 0.01% unavailable.
If we have error budget left development can
take risks. If not we have to fix it.
SLAs – Error Budgets

Minimize the amount of errors so we can launch
code as fast as possible.
Error Budgets – Aligned Incentives

Service Level Objective: 99.99% of requests
return under 50ms.
The error budget allows for 0.01% of requests to
exceed the SLO.
Error Budgets – Latency

Service Reliability Hierarchy

Monitoring

Monitoring
Incident Response

Monitoring
Incident Response
Post Mortem / Root Cause Analysis

Monitoring
Incident Response
Testing / Release Procedure

Monitoring
Incident Response
Capacity Planning

Monitoring
Incident Response
Capacity Planning
Development

Monitoring
Incident Response
Capacity Planning
Development
Product

John Allspaw
“Ways in which things go right are special cases
of the ways in which things go wrong.”

Susan J. Fowler, “Production-Ready Microservices”
“Every µService at Uber should be stable,
reliable, scalable, fault tolerant, performant,
monitored, documented, and prepared for any
catastrophe.”

A distributed system cannot simultaneously
have consistent views of the data at each node
and availability of the data at each node if the
network becomes partitioned.
The CAP Theorem

The CAP Theorem

The CAP Theorem
Requests aren’t
being served!

The CAP Theorem
Requests aren’t
being served!
Unavailable!

The CAP Theorem
Serving requests
like normal!

The CAP Theorem
Serving requests
like normal!
Inconsistent!

Raymond Blum and Rhandeev Singh, “Site Reliability Engineering”
“Data integrity is a function of availability of a
given entity over its lifetime. This is analogous
to system uptime and even more critical.”

“Data availability must be a foremost concern of
any data-centric system.”

“From the user’s point of view, data integrity
without expected and regular data availability is
effectively the same as having no data at all.”

Availability is a User Experience problem.

Building software like SRE—with a focus on
observability, reliability, and availability—makes
you cloud-native.

Ready?

github.com/cwest/storage-demo

Cloud-Native Roadshow Closing

Wikipedia Article “Operability”
“Operability is the ability to keep an equipment, a
system, or a whole industrial installation in a
safe and reliable functioning condition,
according to pre-defined operational
requirements.”
What is operability?

Kenny Bastani, Pivotal
“A microservice is an application small enough
that an engineer new to the source code can
reason about it in a day or less.”
Microservice

The ability to deploy to production whenever the
organization chooses without anyone setting
themselves on fire.
Continuous Delivery

Engineer your operations.
SRE Culture

It doesn’t matter how beautiful your architecture
is, how easy deployment is, or how great your
culture is if production is a tire fire.
Pivotal Cloud Foundry

No CEO Ever
“I appreciate the progress you made on not
delivering anything.”
Undifferentiated Heavy Lifting

Unique Business Value is the tools, systems,
and processes which improve the unique value
your organization provides.
The only thing that matters

Acacio Cruz and Ashish Bhambhani, “Site Reliability Engineering”
“Provide product development with a platform
of SRE-validated infrastructure, upon which thy
can build their systems. This platform will have
the double benefit of being both reliable and
scalable.”

PCF is the first platform in CRE review.

Ben Treynor, Founder of Google’s Site Reliability Team
“The SRE Benediction:
May the Queries Flow,
And the Pagers Remain Silent”

You are all cloud-native now.

You learned how to deliver software like Pivotal
and Google.
Read for free: landing.google.com/sre/book.html

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Cloud-Native Landscape

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