ppt on biological hazard

1. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Submitted to:- Submitted by:-
Mrs. Anjana Punia Prakram Charan
(072)
Prashant Sharma
(073)

2. CONTENTS
o Introduction
o Types of Biological Hazards
o How Biological Hazards Enter the Body
o How Biological Hazards are Spread
o Level of biological hazard
o Controlling Exposure to Biological Hazards
o Role of the Health and Safety Representative
o Some occupation and diseases
o Ebola virus
o Conclusion

3. INTODUCTION
Biological hazards, also known as biohazards, refer
to biological substances that pose a threat to the health
of living organism, especially that of humans. These
hazards can be encountered anywhere in the environment,
including home, school or work.The biohazard symbol was
developed in 1966 by Charles Baldwin, an environmental-health
engineer.

4. Types of Biological Hazards
 Biological hazards can be put into different categories:-
o Bacteria :- microscopic organisms that live in soil, water or the
bodies of plants and animals and are characterized by lack of distinct
nucleus and the inability to photosynthesize. Examples are E Coli, TB,
and Tetanus.
o Viruses :- are a group of pathogens that consist mostly of nucleic
acids and that lack cellular structure. Viruses are totally dependent on
their hosts for replication. Examples are common cold, influenza,
measles, SARS, Hantavirus, and rabies
o Fungi :- any major group of lower plants that lack chlorophyll and
live on dead or other living organisms. Examples are mould, rust,
mildew, smut, yeast, and mushrooms.

5. How Do Biological Hazards Enter the
Body?
Biological hazards can enter the body in many ways. When
determining appropriate protective measures, measures are
clear understanding of how it can enter the body.
o Inhalation through breathing.
o Absorption direct contact through breaks in the skin, even
chapped skin, or through mucous membranes/contact with
eyes, nose, mouth.
o Ingestion through swallowing.
o Injection through a puncture.

6. How Biological Hazard spread?
Biohazard Disease Spread Precaution/Control
Bacteria Pink eye Human to
human contact
Do not share eye makeup; wash
hands
Virus Hepatitis A Human to
human contact
Do not ingest contaminated
water or food; avoid direct
contact with infected person
Virus Hepatitis B Human to
human contact
Immunization; avoid contact
with infected people; avoid
tattooing and body piercing
dispose of sharps in disposal
container.
Virus Hepatitis C Human to
human contact
Avoid direct contact with infected
person; avoid tattooing and body
piercing; follow standard
precautions
Virus Measles Human to human
contact spread by cough
and nasal droplets
Immunization; avoid direct
contact with infected people

7. Levels of Biological Hazards

8. OCCUPATIONS AND DISEASES
Occupation Contact Source Disease
Dentist, nurses, volunteers
In hospital or health care
Patient’s blood,
Body fluids
Hepatitis, cold, flu
Child care worker,
Babysitter
Children’s body fluids,
such as runny nose,
dirty diapers, cuts
Colds, flu, eye
infections,
Head lice, meningitis
Food service industry Undercooked food Salmonella, e coli
Caretaking/cleaning/
Waste disposal personnel
Used needles, broken
glass
Hepatitis B,C, HIV

9. BIOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT

11. Controlling Exposure to Biological
Hazards
There are three approaches to control hazards. The first
consideration for controlling biological hazards is to look at
engineering controls. If a hazard cannot be eliminated
through engineering methods a second approach to
controlling hazards is administrative. Then, if exposure to a
hazard cannot be prevented with either engineering or
administrative controls then PPE is necessary.

12. Engineering Controls:-
These controls are the first line of defense and include built in
protection in building, work areas, equipment or supplies.
Examples are:-
o Ventilation systems and construction seals to create negative
pressure rooms
o Bio-safety hoods, with specific ventilation systems
Administrative Controls:-
These controls are steps in work procedures or work processes that
minimize the risk of exposure to a hazard. This type if control does
not eliminate a hazard but can significantly reduces the risk of
injury. Examples are:-
o Worker training
o Rules that require regular hand washing

13. Personal Protective Equipment:-
o When a hazard poses a threat, even after engineering and administrative
controls have been implemented, then PPE is necessary. Then PPE
methods can protect you from biohazard.
o Some PPE measure that can protect you are
o a proper mask and latex gloves for biohazards
o eye protection
o For PPE to be effective it must be worn correctly and must be
comfortable and fitted for each person. Workers must be trained
properly so that it is worn when needed.

14. Personal Protection
Wearing of mask before
curing the infected patient.
Proper disposal of waste .

15. Role of the Health and Safety
Representative
o Your role is to work proactively to eliminate biological
hazards from the workplace as much as possible and to
educate workers about occupational hazards.
o Eliminating hazards from the work environment is always
first choice for preventing disease.
o When hazards cannot be eliminated, they should be
controlled. Workers should press management to introduce
effective controls in the workplace such as engineering
controls, administrative controls
o Pay attention to new workers and visitors. They are “newly
exposed” to a workplace and can tell you if they have health
problems only when they come into the workplace.

16. EBOLA VIRUS
o Ebola virus is a disease of
humans and other primates
caused by Ebola viruses.
o Ebola virus disease (EVD),
formerly known as Ebola
haemorrhagic fever, is a
severe, often fatal illness in
humans.
o The average EVD case fatality
rate is around 50%. Case
fatality rates have varied from
25% to 90% in past outbreaks.

17. SYMPTOMS
o The incubation period, that is, the
time interval from infection with the
virus to onset of symptoms is 2 to 21
days
o First symptoms are the sudden onset
of fever fatigue, muscle pain,
headache and sore throat.
o This is followed by vomiting,
diarrhoea, rash, symptoms of
impaired kidney and liver function,
and in some cases, both internal and
external bleeding

18. Transmission of Ebola virus

19. EBOLA- A Threat
SYMPTOMS PRECAUTIONS

20. SATASTICS

22. Conclusion
Biological hazards are organisms or groups of organisms
that may cause health issues to humans. These hazards
are very dangerous and have to be taken seriously by
employees and employers. There are many ways we can
reduce our risk to these contaminants. Engineering
controls, administrative controls, personal protective
equipment, workplace hazardous materials information
system and standard precautions are all ways to avoid
risk to all levels of bio hazardous materials.