Ground water is an essential and vital component of our life support system. therefore it is essential to check the ground water pollution.

2. Presented By:-
Subhash Chand Jat
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Research Scholar, Department of Soil Science & Agri. Chemistry
RAJIV GANDHI SOUTH CAMPUS
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
MIRZAPUR (UP)
(scjatag@gmail.com)

3.  Groundwater –
 Ground water is an essential and vital component of our life support
system. The ground water resources are being utilized for drinking, irrigation
and industrial purposes.

5.  General characters of Ground water
Constant composition
Bacteriologically safe
No dissolved oxygen
High hardness
H2S ,Fe, Mn
(Davis & cornwell , 2008)
Characteristic Groundwater
Temperature Equal all with season
Turbidity Low or nil
Colour Due about all dissolved solids
Mineral content
Largely constant

6. Romani , 2010 (area- MP)

7. 1. Ground Water-Hydrological Cycle –
 Most of the earth’s water sources get
their water supplies from precipitation ,
 The average annual rainfall in the
country is 1194 mm
2. Survival by wells and Tube wells,
 Currently 19 million wells in India

8. DEPTH OF GROUNDWATER
 Depth to water level generally ranges from 10-40 m bgl.
 In major parts of north-western states – Rajasthan, Haryana, and Delhi etc.
 Almost major parts of Rajasthan, water level of more than 40 m bgl is recorded.

9. Ground water use in India
 About 85% of the ground water sources are drawn for irrigation and
domestic , Industry etc .
 Ground water use in Delhi, Haryana, Punjab & Rajasthan is more than
100% and in States of Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh it
is more than 70%. (CGWB report 2006)
 Causing imbalance between over-withdrawal of ground water and deficit
recharge
 Resulting permanent fall in the water table every year to the tune of 2 -3
meters

10. Domestic
Waste
Soluble
effluents
Run off
from Urban
areas
Agricultural
Waste
Industrial
waste Source

11.  Groundwater Pollution in Different parts of India
RISK ZONE AVERAGE FERTILIZER
N CONSUMPTION
(kg/hac.)
AVERAGE NO3 IN
GROUNDWATER
(mg/l)
GROUNDWATER
DEVELOPMENT (% OF
TOTAL AVAILABLE IN
1985)
REGION (STATES)
Little or No risk 2 6.8 <2 North eastern
states, J&K
Low risk 4-11 8-45 5-22 HP, MP, MH,
Orissa
Moderate risk 14-53 13-50 16-40 UP, Uttaranchal,
Bihar, Jharkhand,
WB, AP, GJ
High risk 118-163 55-100 70-100 Punjab, Haryana
Handa, (1986)

13.  Over-exploitation of resource
 Contamination- both geogenic and
anthropogenic
 Limited availability and sustainability in
hard rock areas
 Less recharge potential and resource
availability in arid areas
 Water logging and salinity problems
 Impact of climate change on ground
water regime.

14. 1. RAJASTHAN
 Over exploitation
 Deep water levels
 Ground water quality –Salinity
 About 93% area shows >20m water
level and maximum water level is
about 100meter below ground level .

15.  Declining water levels
 Water for Agricultural and Industrial purposes State of ground water
utilization ranges
Bihar-
 Major GW issue is Arsenic contamination affecting
 Total number of villages: 839
 Arsenic affected villages: 273
 Total Population : 27.52 lacs
 Population of the affected villages: 7.68 lacs
 % of population living in affected villages: 28%

16.  Groundwater is the only source
of irrigation in 80 % of the area.
 Decline in groundwater levels .
 High concentration (> 1.50 mg/l)
of Fluoride in some parts.
Maharashtra
 Over Exploitation –Stage of GW
Development has increased over
the period of time.
 Overdraft for irrigation purpose ,
Sustainability of wells for irrigation
 Additional area can be brought
under cultivation .

17. Harmful effects of
groundwater
pollution
Harmful effects
on soil
increases
alkalinity
affects soil
fertility
Harmful effect on
Human body
Epidemic &
Chronic disease-
Tuberculosis ,
hepatitis
causing skin and
stomach diseases
fatal diseases like
lung cancer
Plant metabolism
severely & disturb
the whole
ecosystem

19. Artificial
Recharge
(Irrigation losses,
Wastewater
returns
Indirect Recharge
(aquitard leakage)
Natural
Recharge
(excess rainfall,
surface water
seepage )
Aquifer storage (groundwater resources)
SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER
Human benefitsEnvironmental benefitsEconomic benefits
Water for development
groundwater
abstraction(agriculture,
industry)
Water for People
Groundwater
supply(drinking water&
livelihood)
Water for Environment
ground water
discharge (surface
water, coastal zone)

21. Components of GW Management
Management
Components
Supply-side
Management
Groundwater System
(Aquifer) Management
Demand-side
Management

22. Groundwater Management Challenges
Increasing
demands in all
sectoral usages
Anticipated climate
changes
Management
Challenges
Major alluvial
plainsCoastal plains
Hilly areasHard rock
areas

23.  Launched by Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India
under 12th Five Year Development Plan.
Objectives :
• Identify and map aquifers .
• Quantify available groundwater resources potential .
• Propose plans appropriate to scale of demand,
• Characterize aquifer and identify institutional arrangements
for management.

26.  Managed Aquifer Recharge and Soil Aquifer Treatment .
 Monsoon surface runoff conservation and recharge to potential
aquifer after addressing water quality aspects and subsequent
recovery of recharged water can provide a solution.
 Municipal wastewater from urban areas after appropriate treatment
can also be considered for aquifer recharge and subsequent recovery
of groundwater .

27.  India is the highest groundwater user in the World. Uses of
GW will continue to rise in future due to competing
sectoral demands.
 Groundwater related problems as that because of
overexploitation , are more due to lack of ‘knowledge and
information’.
 Groundwater conservation , In future use well technic and
economical method for human being.

28. Preservation
Save Water
Conservation
Utilization
&
of every drop of water

29. Thankyou
“Speak only if it improves upon the silence.”
Mahatma Gandhi